Ontologia

Region · ita

Lombardia

Italy

CfaTemperate, no dry season, hot summer(62 %)

Species observed

17 154

Observations

1 820 004

Area

23 899,3km²

Ecological tissue

Sample of 38 species (selected proportionally per kingdom among those with at least one documented interaction here) to keep the graph readable. Hover for details, click to explore the full ecosystem of a species.

ℹ️ The territory contains many more species than displayed and all their documented interactions: the graph is intentionally the structural skeleton (top-N species by composite local score, edges filtered by Serrano 2009 disparity filter α=0.2).

RègnesAnimalPlanteChampignonBacterie
RelationsPredationParasitismeSymbiosePollinisation
StatutEn dangerVulnérableProtégéeEndémique

Indicateurs du tissu écologique

Tissu écologique de Lombardia : 28 espèces dont 3 patrimoniales (LR IUCN CR/EN/VU) reliées par 102 interactions GloBI sur 6 types (connectance 14.5%, filtre Serrano α=0.2). 10 bulles taxonomiques (cascade genre/famille GloBI, ≥3 espèces).

Espèces affichées
38
Interactions affichées
102
Connectance
0.145
Patrimoniales
3
Plus dense que (national)0 %(top 100%)

Comparaison sur la connectance du réseau local complet vs distribution nationale (toutes les communes françaises).

Species present

17 154 distinct species · 1 820 004 observations

Source: GBIF Occurrence snapshot 2026-05-01.

Densité d'observations

1 820 004 obs · 662 cellules
Obs. / cellule
≥ 19 236
5 629–19 235
2 257–5 628
1 268–2 256
< 1 268

Source : GBIF — observations agrégées par hexagones 0.027° × 0.027° (~22km), filtre précision coordonnée < 10 km. Fond carte : OpenFreeMap · © OpenStreetMap.

Climate

Mean T°

10,3°C

Annual rain

1 181mm

Warmest m°

25,1°C

Coldest m°

-4,6°C

Elevation: 619 m on average (min 6 m, max 3 603 m)

Bioclimatic detailsExpert
Annual mean temp.
10,3°C
Annual rain
1 181mm
Warmest month
25,1°C
Coldest month
-4,6°C
Mean alt.
619m
Min
6m
Max
3 603m
Std. dev.
768m
Köppen-Geiger (dominant)
CfaTemperate, no dry season, hot summer(62 %)Temperate

CHELSA BIO 1-19 v2.1 · ETOPO DEM 60s · Köppen-Geiger 1991-2020 (Beck et al. 2018)

Soil & lithology

pH H₂O

6,5

Org. C

42,9g/kg

Clay

24,3%

Sand

35,5%

Silt

40,2%

Average over 0-30 cm. Per-depth details in expert panel.

3 soil depths detailedExpert
0–5 cm
pH H₂O
6,5
Org. C
69,3g/kg
Clay
23,7%
Sand
35,6%
Silt
40,7%
5–15 cm
pH H₂O
6,6
Org. C
35,2g/kg
Clay
23,9%
Sand
35,1%
Silt
40,9%
15–30 cm
pH H₂O
6,6
Org. C
24,1g/kg
Clay
25,4%
Sand
35,7%
Silt
39,0%

SoilGrids 250m (ISRIC, 2017) · GLiM v1.0 (Hartmann & Moosdorf 2012)

Land cover

Forest26.7%
Crops27.4%
Built-up2.7%
Bare soil3.9%
Other (grassland, water…)39.4%

Copernicus Global Land Cover 100m (Buchhorn et al. 2020)

Hydrology65 basins · 50 lakes · 100 rivers

Hydrology metrics for this exact territory

Stream length here

3 270,9km

Lake surface here

539,81km²

Basins crossed

65

Max stream order

6

Max drainage

69 638km²

Discharge in basins

14 221,3m³/s

Mean precip.

987mm/an

Mean T°

9,8°C

Moisture idx

0,13

Max snow

54%

Mean runoff

732mm/an

Mean elev. (basins)

639m

Watersheds crossing here

56 more basins

Lakes (50, top by area)

41 more lakes

Rivers / streams (100, ord ≥ 4)

88 more river segments

Live spatial overlap (cached after first hit) · HydroBASINS lev08 × HydroLAKES × HydroRIVERS v10

Human pressure

Pop. density

3hab/km²

Night light

5,4nW

Built-up

268,3%

Pesticides

56,5kg/km²

GHSL POP/Built 2020 · VIIRS lumière nocturne · PEST-CHEMGRIDS 2020 (Maggi et al.)

Protected areas100

IUCN Not Reported · 82IUCN V · 7IUCN IV · 6IUCN Not Assigned · 3IUCN II · 1IUCN Ia · 1🌊 Marine · 1📍 Point sites · 1

Adamello

IUCN Not Reported

Special Areas of Conservation (Habitats Directive) · 2016

299 km²

Complete list

+ 40 protected areas (top 60 shown)

WDPA (World Database on Protected Areas) — UNEP-WCMC & IUCN

Sub-administrations200