Ontologia

Province · pak

Punjab

Pakistan

BWhArid, desert, hot(68 %)

Species observed

4 665

Observations

197 554

Area

205 741,5km²

Ecological tissue

Sample of 35 species (selected proportionally per kingdom among those with at least one documented interaction here) to keep the graph readable. Hover for details, click to explore the full ecosystem of a species.

ℹ️ The territory contains many more species than displayed and all their documented interactions: the graph is intentionally the structural skeleton (top-N species by composite local score, edges filtered by Serrano 2009 disparity filter α=0.2).

RègnesAnimalPlanteChampignonBacterie
RelationsPredationParasitismeSymbiosePollinisation
StatutEn dangerVulnérableProtégéeEndémique

Indicateurs du tissu écologique

Tissu écologique de Punjab : 33 espèces dont 1 patrimoniale (LR IUCN CR/EN/VU) + 2 bulles famille, 32 interactions GloBI documentées sur 3 types (connectance 5.4%, filtre Serrano α=0.2). Les 2 bulles regroupent des espèces visuellement absorbées par famille (≥3 espèces visibles).

Espèces affichées
35
Interactions affichées
32
Connectance
0.054
Patrimoniales
1
Plus dense que (national)0 %(top 100%)

Comparaison sur la connectance du réseau local complet vs distribution nationale (toutes les communes françaises).

Species present

4 665 distinct species · 197 554 observations

Source: GBIF Occurrence snapshot 2026-05-01.

Densité d'observations

197 554 obs · 104 cellules
Obs. / cellule
≥ 17 705
5 403–17 704
882–5 402
333–881
< 333

Source : GBIF — observations agrégées par hexagones 0.2° × 0.2° (~22km), filtre précision coordonnée < 10 km. Fond carte : OpenFreeMap · © OpenStreetMap.

Climate

Mean T°

25,0°C

Annual rain

453mm

Warmest m°

40,1°C

Coldest m°

6,6°C

Elevation: 225 m on average (min 73 m, max 2 080 m)

Bioclimatic detailsExpert
Annual mean temp.
25,0°C
Annual rain
453mm
Warmest month
40,1°C
Coldest month
6,6°C
Mean alt.
225m
Min
73m
Max
2 080m
Std. dev.
197m
Köppen-Geiger (dominant)
BWhArid, desert, hot(68 %)Arid

CHELSA BIO 1-19 v2.1 · ETOPO DEM 60s · Köppen-Geiger 1991-2020 (Beck et al. 2018)

Soil & lithology

pH H₂O

7,9

Org. C

7,9g/kg

Clay

23,7%

Sand

39,7%

Silt

36,6%

Average over 0-30 cm. Per-depth details in expert panel.

3 soil depths detailedExpert
0–5 cm
pH H₂O
7,9
Org. C
10,2g/kg
Clay
22,5%
Sand
40,7%
Silt
36,9%
5–15 cm
pH H₂O
7,9
Org. C
7,8g/kg
Clay
23,2%
Sand
40,1%
Silt
36,7%
15–30 cm
pH H₂O
7,9
Org. C
5,8g/kg
Clay
25,4%
Sand
38,3%
Silt
36,3%

SoilGrids 250m (ISRIC, 2017) · GLiM v1.0 (Hartmann & Moosdorf 2012)

Land cover

Forest7.2%
Crops51.5%
Built-up1.3%
Bare soil12.7%
Other (grassland, water…)27.3%

Copernicus Global Land Cover 100m (Buchhorn et al. 2020)

Hydrology327 basins · 50 lakes · 100 rivers

Hydrology metrics for this exact territory

Stream length here

12 457,7km

Lake surface here

261,62km²

Basins crossed

327

Max stream order

8

Max drainage

729 611km²

Discharge in basins

125 632,7m³/s

Mean precip.

311mm/an

Mean T°

24,6°C

Moisture idx

-0,82

Max snow

3%

Mean runoff

31mm/an

Mean elev. (basins)

231m

Watersheds crossing here

318 more basins

Lakes (50, top by area)

41 more lakes

Rivers / streams (100, ord ≥ 4)

88 more river segments

Live spatial overlap (cached after first hit) · HydroBASINS lev08 × HydroLAKES × HydroRIVERS v10

Human pressure

Pop. density

4hab/km²

Night light

0,8nW

Built-up

130,9%

Pesticides

0,0kg/km²

GHSL POP/Built 2020 · VIIRS lumière nocturne · PEST-CHEMGRIDS 2020 (Maggi et al.)

Protected areas22

IUCN Not Reported · 12IUCN IV · 8IUCN V · 1IUCN II · 1📍 Point sites · 50

Cholistan

IUCN Not Reported

Public Wildlife Reserve (PWR) · 1975

21 829 km²

Thal

IUCN Not Reported

Public Wildlife Reserve (PWR) · 2022

13 295 km²

Kala Chitta

IUCN Not Reported

National Park (NP) · 2023

363 km²

Chashma

IUCN IV

Wildlife Sanctuary (WS) · 1974

215 km²

Complete list

WDPA (World Database on Protected Areas) — UNEP-WCMC & IUCN

Sub-administrations28