Ontologia

Province · ESP

Toledo

Spain

BSkArid, steppe, cold(72 %)

Species observed

8 218

Observations

713 518

Area

15 369,2km²

Ecological tissue

Sample of 36 species (selected proportionally per kingdom among those with at least one documented interaction here) to keep the graph readable. Hover for details, click to explore the full ecosystem of a species.

ℹ️ The territory contains many more species than displayed and all their documented interactions: the graph is intentionally the structural skeleton (top-N species by composite local score, edges filtered by Serrano 2009 disparity filter α=0.2).

RègnesAnimalPlanteChampignonBacterie
RelationsPredationParasitismeSymbiosePollinisation
StatutEn dangerVulnérableProtégéeEndémique

Indicateurs du tissu écologique

Tissu écologique de Toledo : 28 espèces dont 2 patrimoniales (LR IUCN CR/EN/VU) reliées par 62 interactions GloBI sur 2 types (connectance 9.8%, filtre Serrano α=0.2). 8 bulles taxonomiques (cascade genre/famille GloBI, ≥3 espèces).

Espèces affichées
36
Interactions affichées
62
Connectance
0.098
Patrimoniales
2
Plus dense que (national)0 %(top 100%)

Comparaison sur la connectance du réseau local complet vs distribution nationale (toutes les communes françaises).

Species present

8 218 distinct species · 713 518 observations

Source: GBIF Occurrence snapshot 2026-05-01.

Densité d'observations

713 518 obs · 408 cellules
Obs. / cellule
≥ 14 866
4 149–14 865
1 176–4 148
649–1 175
< 649

Source : GBIF — observations agrégées par hexagones 0.027° × 0.027° (~22km), filtre précision coordonnée < 10 km. Fond carte : OpenFreeMap · © OpenStreetMap.

Climate

Mean T°

15,0°C

Annual rain

507mm

Warmest m°

32,0°C

Coldest m°

1,2°C

Elevation: 635 m on average (min 284 m, max 1 308 m)

Bioclimatic detailsExpert
Annual mean temp.
15,0°C
Annual rain
507mm
Warmest month
32,0°C
Coldest month
1,2°C
Mean alt.
635m
Min
284m
Max
1 308m
Std. dev.
163m
Köppen-Geiger (dominant)
BSkArid, steppe, cold(72 %)Arid

CHELSA BIO 1-19 v2.1 · ETOPO DEM 60s · Köppen-Geiger 1991-2020 (Beck et al. 2018)

Soil & lithology

pH H₂O

7,5

Org. C

19,2g/kg

Clay

23,5%

Sand

44,4%

Silt

32,1%

Average over 0-30 cm. Per-depth details in expert panel.

Dominant lithology: ssGLiM

3 soil depths detailedExpert
0–5 cm
pH H₂O
7,3
Org. C
32,0g/kg
Clay
22,4%
Sand
44,8%
Silt
32,8%
5–15 cm
pH H₂O
7,5
Org. C
12,8g/kg
Clay
22,0%
Sand
45,0%
Silt
32,9%
15–30 cm
pH H₂O
7,5
Org. C
12,7g/kg
Clay
25,9%
Sand
43,4%
Silt
30,7%

SoilGrids 250m (ISRIC, 2017) · GLiM v1.0 (Hartmann & Moosdorf 2012)

Land cover

Forest10.1%
Crops41.0%
Built-up0.5%
Bare soil5.1%
Other (grassland, water…)43.3%

Copernicus Global Land Cover 100m (Buchhorn et al. 2020)

Hydrology38 basins · 32 lakes · 100 rivers

Hydrology metrics for this exact territory

Stream length here

2 391,8km

Lake surface here

50,06km²

Basins crossed

38

Max stream order

6

Max drainage

35 834km²

Discharge in basins

617,2m³/s

Mean precip.

417mm/an

Mean T°

14,1°C

Moisture idx

-0,64

Max snow

3%

Mean runoff

88mm/an

Mean elev. (basins)

647m

Watersheds crossing here

29 more basins

Lakes (32, top by area)

23 more lakes

Rivers / streams (100, ord ≥ 4)

88 more river segments

Live spatial overlap (cached after first hit) · HydroBASINS lev08 × HydroLAKES × HydroRIVERS v10

Human pressure

Pop. density

0hab/km²

Night light

1,0nW

Built-up

46,6%

Pesticides

35,2kg/km²

GHSL POP/Built 2020 · VIIRS lumière nocturne · PEST-CHEMGRIDS 2020 (Maggi et al.)

Protected areas62

IUCN Not Reported · 40IUCN Ib · 9IUCN IV · 8IUCN V · 3IUCN II · 1IUCN III · 1📍 Point sites · 1

Montes de Toledo

IUCN Not Reported

Special Protection Area (Birds Directive) · 2005

2 184 km²

Montes de Toledo

IUCN Not Reported

Special Areas of Conservation (Habitats Directive) · 2016

2 184 km²

Complete list

+ 2 protected areas (top 60 shown)

WDPA (World Database on Protected Areas) — UNEP-WCMC & IUCN

Sub-administrations7