Montes de Toledo
IUCN Not ReportedSpecial Protection Area (Birds Directive) · 2005
2 184 km²
Commune · ESP
n.a. (82)
Spain
CsaTemperate, dry summer, hot summer(67 %)
Species observed
4 446
Observations
89 176
Area
3 651,8km²
Ecological tissue
Sample of 35 species (selected proportionally per kingdom among those with at least one documented interaction here) to keep the graph readable. Hover for details, click to explore the full ecosystem of a species.
ℹ️ The territory contains many more species than displayed and all their documented interactions: the graph is intentionally the structural skeleton (top-N species by composite local score, edges filtered by Serrano 2009 disparity filter α=0.2).
RègnesAnimalPlanteChampignonBacterie
RelationsPredationParasitismeSymbiosePollinisation
StatutEn dangerVulnérableProtégéeEndémique
Indicateurs du tissu écologique
Tissu écologique de n.a. (82) : 26 espèces dont 1 patrimoniale (LR IUCN CR/EN/VU) reliées par 78 interactions GloBI sur 4 types (connectance 13.1%, filtre Serrano α=0.2). 9 bulles taxonomiques (cascade genre/famille GloBI, ≥3 espèces).
Espèces affichées
35
Interactions affichées
78
Connectance
0.131
Patrimoniales
1
Plus dense que (national)0 %(top 100%)
Comparaison sur la connectance du réseau local complet vs distribution nationale (toutes les communes françaises).
Species present
4 446 distinct species · 89 176 observations
Source: GBIF Occurrence snapshot 2026-05-01.
Climate
Mean T°
15,1°C
Annual rain
609mm
Warmest m°
31,9°C
Coldest m°
1,3°C
Elevation: 711 m on average (min 466 m, max 1 242 m)
Bioclimatic details19 BIO + Köppen full + altitude statsExpert
Annual mean temp.
15,1°C
Annual rain
609mm
Warmest month
31,9°C
Coldest month
1,3°C
Mean alt.
711m
Min
466m
Max
1 242m
Std. dev.
112m
Köppen-Geiger (dominant)
CsaTemperate, dry summer, hot summer(67 %)Temperate
CHELSA BIO 1-19 v2.1 · ETOPO DEM 60s · Köppen-Geiger 1991-2020 (Beck et al. 2018)
Soil & lithology
pH H₂O
7,0
Org. C
28,9g/kg
Clay
21,0%
Sand
45,8%
Silt
33,2%
Average over 0-30 cm. Per-depth details in expert panel.
Dominant lithology: ssGLiMaggregated to Ciudad Real
3 soil depths detailed0-5cm / 5-15cm / 15-30cm × 5 propsExpert
0–5 cm
pH H₂O
6,9
Org. C
50,6g/kg
Clay
20,4%
Sand
45,6%
Silt
34,1%
5–15 cm
pH H₂O
7,0
Org. C
20,6g/kg
Clay
19,5%
Sand
45,7%
Silt
34,8%
15–30 cm
pH H₂O
7,0
Org. C
15,5g/kg
Clay
23,3%
Sand
46,1%
Silt
30,7%
SoilGrids 250m (ISRIC, 2017) · GLiM v1.0 (Hartmann & Moosdorf 2012)
Land cover
Forest22.3%
Crops24.8%
Built-up0.1%
Bare soil4.1%
Other (grassland, water…)48.6%
Copernicus Global Land Cover 100m (Buchhorn et al. 2020)
Hydrology14 basins · 4 lakes · 38 rivers
Hydrology metrics for this exact territory
Stream length here
602,0km
Lake surface here
15,20km²
Basins crossed
14
Max stream order
5
Max drainage
25 092km²
Discharge in basins
77,7m³/s
Mean precip.
457mm/an
Mean T°
14,2°C
Moisture idx
-0,63
Max snow
2%
Mean runoff
81mm/an
Mean elev. (basins)
707m
Watersheds crossing here
- Bassin de río Bullaquesub-area2 022,7 km²overlap1760.25 km²48%
- Bassin de Río Guadianasub-area2 668,2 km²overlap519.82 km²14%
- Bassin de Río Guadianasub-area501 km²overlap450.63 km²12%
- Bassin de Río Guadianasub-area299,6 km²overlap299.81 km²8%
- Bassin de Río Estenasub-area973,9 km²overlap250.50 km²7%
- Bassin de Río Guadianasub-area508,2 km²overlap186.56 km²5%
- Bassin de Río Guadianasub-area85,4 km²overlap75.32 km²2%
- Bassin de Río Gualemarsub-area832,7 km²overlap68.37 km²2%
- Bassin de Río Guadianasub-area279,2 km²overlap20.49 km²1%
5 more basinssorted by overlap
Lakes (4, top by area)
Rivers / streams (38, ord ≥ 4)
- Río Guadianaord 6len here89.36 km13%total668 km
- río Bullaqueord 5len here79.45 km100%total79 km
- Río Bullaqueord 3len here49.61 km100%total50 km
- Arroyo de Santa Maríaord 5len here35.24 km54%total66 km
- Río Milagroord 3len here33.77 km87%total39 km
- Arroyo de Piedraláord 2len here29.25 km100%total29 km
- Arroyo del Corazoncilloord 2len here27.16 km58%total47 km
- Río Estenaord 5len here26.39 km34%total78 km
- Arroyo del Cortijoord 3len here21.00 km100%total21 km
- Arroyo Cambrónord 3len here16.68 km45%total37 km
- Arroyo de los Realesord 2len here16.64 km92%total18 km
- Arroyo de las Peralosasord 3len here16.21 km100%total16 km
26 more river segmentssorted by Strahler order + length
- río Alcobillaord 3len here15.49 km100%total15 km
- Arroyo de los Molinosord 2len here15.00 km100%total15 km
- Arroyo del Retamarord 3len here13.96 km78%total18 km
- Arroyo de las Palomerasord 1len here12.86 km100%total13 km
- Arroyo Las Viñuelasord 2len here12.79 km100%total13 km
- Arroyo del Tamujoord 2len here12.67 km64%total20 km
- Arroyo de Verdelpinoord 1len here10.17 km100%total10 km
- Río Fríoord 2len here8.59 km75%total11 km
- Arroyo Cabañerosord 2len here7.40 km100%total7 km
- Arroyo de Valdeborrachosord 2len here6.11 km100%total6 km
- Rio Milagroord 2len here5.68 km100%total6 km
- Canal de Gassetord 1len here5.00 km94%total5 km
- Río de las Navasord 2len here4.91 km29%total17 km
- Arroyo Grandeord 2len here4.91 km12%total41 km
- Arroyo Mesegarord 1len here4.76 km100%total5 km
- Arroyo del Caracuelord 2len here4.56 km100%total5 km
- Arroyo de Porzunaord 4len here3.73 km100%total4 km
- Arroyo de la Atalayaord 1len here3.46 km100%total3 km
- Arroyo del Marínord 1len here1.59 km100%total2 km
- Arroyo Vallegarcíaord 1len here1.59 km100%total2 km
- Río Tirteafueraord 3len here1.38 km2%total57 km
- Río Algodorord 3len here1.34 km1%total91 km
- Arroyo del Carrizalord 1len here1.24 km100%total1 km
- Río Bañuelosord 3len here1.13 km7%total15 km
- Arroyo de los Barranquillosord 1len here0.69 km101%total1 km
- Río Beceaord 2len here0.22 km2%total11 km
Live spatial overlap (cached after first hit) · HydroBASINS lev08 × HydroLAKES × HydroRIVERS v10
Human pressure
Pop. density
0hab/km²
Night light
0,1nW
Built-up
9,9%
Pesticides
35,1kg/km²
GHSL POP/Built 2020 · VIIRS lumière nocturne · PEST-CHEMGRIDS 2020 (Maggi et al.)
Protected areas31
IUCN Not Reported · 13IUCN IV · 10IUCN Ib · 3IUCN III · 3IUCN II · 1IUCN V · 1
Montes de Toledo
IUCN Not ReportedSpecial Areas of Conservation (Habitats Directive) · 2016
2 184 km²
Cabañeros
IUCN IINacional Park · 1995
409 km²
Sierra de Los Canalizos
IUCN Not ReportedSpecial Protection Area (Birds Directive) · 2005
260 km²
Sierra de Los Canalizos
IUCN Not ReportedSpecial Areas of Conservation (Habitats Directive) · 2016
260 km²
Ríos de la cuenca media del Guadiana y laderas vertientes
IUCN Not ReportedSpecial Protection Area (Birds Directive) · 2005
239 km²
Complete list31 protected areas
- Montes de ToledoSpecial Protection Area (Birds Directive)IUCN Not Reported20052 184 km²
- Montes de ToledoSpecial Areas of Conservation (Habitats Directive)IUCN Not Reported20162 184 km²
- CabañerosNacional ParkIUCN II1995409 km²
- Sierra de Los CanalizosSpecial Protection Area (Birds Directive)IUCN Not Reported2005260 km²
- Sierra de Los CanalizosSpecial Areas of Conservation (Habitats Directive)IUCN Not Reported2016260 km²
- Ríos de la cuenca media del Guadiana y laderas vertientesSpecial Protection Area (Birds Directive)IUCN Not Reported2005239 km²
- Ríos de la cuenca media del Guadiana y laderas vertientesSpecial Areas of Conservation (Habitats Directive)IUCN Not Reported2016239 km²
- Sierra de PicónSpecial Areas of Conservation (Habitats Directive)IUCN Not Reported201579 km²
- EstenaSpecial Areas of Conservation (Habitats Directive)IUCN Not Reported201579 km²
- Alcornocal de ZumajoSpecial Areas of Conservation (Habitats Directive)IUCN Not Reported201531 km²
- Sotos del Río MilagroFluvial ReserveIUCN Ib20039 km²
- Volcan de PiedrabuenaNatural MonumentIUCN III20095 km²
- Navas de MalagónNature ReserveIUCN Ib20055 km²
- Navas de MalagónSpecial Areas of Conservation (Habitats Directive)IUCN Not Reported20155 km²
- Navas de MalagónSpecial Protection Area (Birds Directive)IUCN Not Reported20055 km²
- Abedular de RiofríoFluvial ReserveIUCN Ib20033 km²
- Bonales de la comarca de Los Montes del GuadianaSpecial Areas of Conservation (Habitats Directive)IUCN Not Reported20153 km²
- Laguna Volcánica de MichosNatural MonumentIUCN III19992 km²
- Bonales de Puebla de Don RodrigoMicroreserveIUCN IV20021 km²
- Chorrera de HorcajoProtected LandscapeIUCN V20030 km²
- Volcán del Cerro de los SantosNatural MonumentIUCN III20010 km²
- Bonal del Barranco del RemilladeroMicroreserveIUCN IV20030 km²
- Bonal del Arroyo de ValdelamaderaMicroreserveIUCN IV20020 km²
- Lagunas de Alcoba y Horcajo de Los MontesSpecial Areas of Conservation (Habitats Directive)IUCN Not Reported20150 km²
- Bonal del Barranco del ChorroMicroreserveIUCN IV20020 km²
- Bonal el AlcornocalMicroreserveIUCN IV20030 km²
- Bonal del Cerro de los BarranquillosMicroreserveIUCN IV20020 km²
- Bonal del Barranco de ZarzalagordaMicroreserveIUCN IV20030 km²
- Bonal del Barranco de los MembrillosMicroreserveIUCN IV20030 km²
- Bonal de la Sierra del HontanarMicroreserveIUCN IV20030 km²
- Bonal del Morro de la ParrillaMicroreserveIUCN IV20020 km²
WDPA (World Database on Protected Areas) — UNEP-WCMC & IUCN
Sub-administrations15
- AlcobaSubdivision
- Arroba de los MontesSubdivision
- El RobledoSubdivision
- FontanarejoSubdivision
- Fuente el FresnoSubdivision
- Horcajo de los MontesSubdivision
- Los CortijosSubdivision
- LucianaSubdivision
- MalagónSubdivision
- NavalpinoSubdivision
- Navas de EstenaSubdivision
- PiedrabuenaSubdivision
- PorzunaSubdivision
- Puebla de Don RodrigoSubdivision
- Retuerta del BullaqueSubdivision