Ontologia

State · ind

Punjab

India

BShArid, steppe, hot(67 %)

Species observed

2 083

Observations

453 294

Area

50 225,8km²

Ecological tissue

Sample of 28 species (selected proportionally per kingdom among those with at least one documented interaction here) to keep the graph readable. Hover for details, click to explore the full ecosystem of a species.

ℹ️ The territory contains many more species than displayed and all their documented interactions: the graph is intentionally the structural skeleton (top-N species by composite local score, edges filtered by Serrano 2009 disparity filter α=0.2).

RègnesAnimalPlanteChampignonBacterie
RelationsPredationParasitismeSymbiosePollinisation
StatutEn dangerVulnérableProtégéeEndémique

Indicateurs du tissu écologique

Tissu écologique de Punjab : 20 espèces dont 4 patrimoniales (LR IUCN CR/EN/VU) reliées par 38 interactions GloBI sur 3 types (connectance 9.4%, filtre Serrano α=0.2). 9 bulles taxonomiques (cascade genre/famille GloBI, ≥3 espèces).

Espèces affichées
29
Interactions affichées
38
Connectance
0.094
Patrimoniales
4
Plus dense que (national)0 %(top 100%)

Comparaison sur la connectance du réseau local complet vs distribution nationale (toutes les communes françaises).

Species present

2 083 distinct species · 453 294 observations

Source: GBIF Occurrence snapshot 2026-05-01.

Densité d'observations

453 294 obs · 29 cellules
Obs. / cellule
≥ 106 697
61 534–106 696
10 202–61 533
3 405–10 201
< 3 405

Source : GBIF — observations agrégées par hexagones 0.2° × 0.2° (~22km), filtre précision coordonnée < 10 km. Fond carte : OpenFreeMap · © OpenStreetMap.

Climate

Mean T°

23,8°C

Annual rain

714mm

Warmest m°

38,7°C

Coldest m°

6,3°C

Elevation: 239 m on average (min 172 m, max 890 m)

Bioclimatic detailsExpert
Annual mean temp.
23,8°C
Annual rain
714mm
Warmest month
38,7°C
Coldest month
6,3°C
Mean alt.
239m
Min
172m
Max
890m
Std. dev.
51m
Köppen-Geiger (dominant)
BShArid, steppe, hot(67 %)Arid

CHELSA BIO 1-19 v2.1 · ETOPO DEM 60s · Köppen-Geiger 1991-2020 (Beck et al. 2018)

Soil & lithology

pH H₂O

7,7

Org. C

11,3g/kg

Clay

26,6%

Sand

38,7%

Silt

34,8%

Average over 0-30 cm. Per-depth details in expert panel.

3 soil depths detailedExpert
0–5 cm
pH H₂O
7,7
Org. C
15,0g/kg
Clay
25,3%
Sand
39,5%
Silt
35,2%
5–15 cm
pH H₂O
7,7
Org. C
10,5g/kg
Clay
26,1%
Sand
39,1%
Silt
34,8%
15–30 cm
pH H₂O
7,8
Org. C
8,3g/kg
Clay
28,3%
Sand
37,4%
Silt
34,3%

SoilGrids 250m (ISRIC, 2017) · GLiM v1.0 (Hartmann & Moosdorf 2012)

Land cover

Forest9.1%
Crops77.9%
Built-up2.2%
Bare soil1.2%
Other (grassland, water…)9.6%

Copernicus Global Land Cover 100m (Buchhorn et al. 2020)

Hydrology90 basins · 27 lakes · 78 rivers

Hydrology metrics for this exact territory

Stream length here

3 460,4km

Lake surface here

32,38km²

Basins crossed

90

Max stream order

6

Max drainage

93 895km²

Discharge in basins

9 298,3m³/s

Mean precip.

647mm/an

Mean T°

24,1°C

Moisture idx

-0,62

Max snow

4%

Mean runoff

89mm/an

Mean elev. (basins)

259m

Watersheds crossing here

81 more basins

Lakes (27, top by area)

18 more lakes

Rivers / streams (78, ord ≥ 4)

66 more river segments

Live spatial overlap (cached after first hit) · HydroBASINS lev08 × HydroLAKES × HydroRIVERS v10

Human pressure

Pop. density

5hab/km²

Night light

2,4nW

Built-up

222,7%

Pesticides

1,5kg/km²

GHSL POP/Built 2020 · VIIRS lumière nocturne · PEST-CHEMGRIDS 2020 (Maggi et al.)

Protected areas3

IUCN Ib · 2IUCN V · 1📍 Point sites · 4

WDPA (World Database on Protected Areas) — UNEP-WCMC & IUCN

Sub-administrations44