Danube Delta
IUCN Not ReportedWetland of International Importance (Ramsar Site) · 1991
6 278 km²
County · rou
Constanța
Romania
CfaTemperate, no dry season, hot summer(85 %)
Species observed
4 032
Observations
129 622
Area
7 054,2km²
Ecological tissue
Sample of 33 species (selected proportionally per kingdom among those with at least one documented interaction here) to keep the graph readable. Hover for details, click to explore the full ecosystem of a species.
ℹ️ The territory contains many more species than displayed and all their documented interactions: the graph is intentionally the structural skeleton (top-N species by composite local score, edges filtered by Serrano 2009 disparity filter α=0.2).
RègnesAnimalPlanteChampignonBacterie
RelationsPredationParasitismeSymbiosePollinisation
StatutEn dangerVulnérableProtégéeEndémique
Indicateurs du tissu écologique
Tissu écologique de Constanța : 26 espèces dont 2 patrimoniales (LR IUCN CR/EN/VU) reliées par 69 interactions GloBI sur 3 types (connectance 12.3%, filtre Serrano α=0.2). 8 bulles taxonomiques (cascade genre/famille GloBI, ≥3 espèces).
Espèces affichées
34
Interactions affichées
69
Connectance
0.123
Patrimoniales
2
Plus dense que (national)0 %(top 100%)
Comparaison sur la connectance du réseau local complet vs distribution nationale (toutes les communes françaises).
Species present
4 032 distinct species · 129 622 observations
Source: GBIF Occurrence snapshot 2026-05-01.
Climate
Mean T°
11,9°C
Annual rain
474mm
Warmest m°
27,2°C
Coldest m°
-2,2°C
Elevation: 83 m on average (min -23 m, max 212 m)
Bioclimatic details19 BIO + Köppen full + altitude statsExpert
Annual mean temp.
11,9°C
Annual rain
474mm
Warmest month
27,2°C
Coldest month
-2,2°C
Mean alt.
83m
Min
-23m
Max
212m
Std. dev.
47m
Köppen-Geiger (dominant)
CfaTemperate, no dry season, hot summer(85 %)Temperate
CHELSA BIO 1-19 v2.1 · ETOPO DEM 60s · Köppen-Geiger 1991-2020 (Beck et al. 2018)
Soil & lithology
pH H₂O
7,5
Org. C
22,9g/kg
Clay
37,3%
Sand
8,0%
Silt
54,7%
Average over 0-30 cm. Per-depth details in expert panel.
3 soil depths detailed0-5cm / 5-15cm / 15-30cm × 5 propsExpert
0–5 cm
pH H₂O
7,4
Org. C
34,4g/kg
Clay
36,4%
Sand
8,2%
Silt
55,4%
5–15 cm
pH H₂O
7,6
Org. C
18,7g/kg
Clay
38,4%
Sand
7,6%
Silt
54,0%
15–30 cm
pH H₂O
7,6
Org. C
15,8g/kg
Clay
37,2%
Sand
8,3%
Silt
54,5%
SoilGrids 250m (ISRIC, 2017) · GLiM v1.0 (Hartmann & Moosdorf 2012)
Land cover
Forest4.7%
Crops73.9%
Built-up0.6%
Bare soil1.2%
Other (grassland, water…)19.5%
Copernicus Global Land Cover 100m (Buchhorn et al. 2020)
Hydrology27 basins · 47 lakes · 35 rivers
Hydrology metrics for this exact territory
Stream length here
713,6km
Lake surface here
261,16km²
Basins crossed
27
Max stream order
8
Max drainage
696 723km²
Discharge in basins
20 523,9m³/s
Mean precip.
463mm/an
Mean T°
11,3°C
Moisture idx
-0,45
Max snow
10%
Mean runoff
139mm/an
Mean elev. (basins)
98m
Watersheds crossing here
- Bassin de Urluiasub-area1 443 km²overlap1068.07 km²15%
- Bassin de Canalul Dunăre-Marea Neagrăsub-area815,3 km²overlap816.94 km²12%
- Bassin de Casimceasub-area861,9 km²overlap665.56 km²9%
- Bassin de Canal Aducțiunesub-area631,4 km²overlap627.86 km²9%
- Bassin de Canalul Poarta Albă-Midia Năvodarisub-area616 km²overlap594.21 km²8%
- Bassin de Dunăreasub-area908,3 km²overlap524.64 km²7%
- Bassin de Valea Seimenisub-area375,3 km²overlap376.04 km²5%
- Bassin de Dunăreasub-area490,6 km²overlap361.69 km²5%
- Basin #08730sub-area1 005 km²overlap354.93 km²5%
18 more basinssorted by overlap
- Bassin de Urluiasub-area290,4 km²overlap291.03 km²4%
- Bassin de Brațul Măcinsub-area1 880,7 km²overlap264.41 km²4%
- Bassin de Dunăreasub-area257,8 km²overlap258.21 km²4%
- Bassin de Канагьолsub-area2 185,8 km²overlap229.98 km²3%
- Bassin de Суха рекаsub-area2 629,3 km²overlap219.66 km²3%
- Bassin de Dunăreasub-area144 km²overlap114.14 km²2%
- Basin #08640sub-area124,2 km²overlap113.42 km²2%
- Bassin de Canal Lebadasub-area111 km²overlap45.66 km²1%
- Basin #08740sub-area64,9 km²overlap37.71 km²1%
- Bassin de Dunărea - Дунавsub-area2 326,5 km²overlap22.55 km²0%
- Bassin de Dunăreasub-area40,4 km²overlap19.12 km²0%
- Bassin de Ciucurovasub-area898,4 km²overlap12.54 km²0%
- Bassin de Dunăreasub-area227 km²overlap10.78 km²0%
- Basin #08750sub-area566,4 km²overlap8.00 km²0%
- Basin #08620sub-area9,4 km²overlap5.80 km²0%
- Bassin de Canalul de evacuare a apei de răcire a CNE Cernavodăsub-area17 km²overlap5.63 km²0%
- Bassin de Dunăreasub-area53,9 km²overlap2.62 km²0%
- Basin #08610sub-area7,8 km²overlap0.76 km²0%
Lakes (47, top by area)
- Razelmarea510,7 km²avg depth0.5 m
- Sinoearea139,3 km²avg depth1.5 m
- Lacul Taşaularea19,7 km²avg depth6.8 m
- Lacul Oltinaarea19,6 km²avg depth13.5 m
- Lacul Siutghiolarea16,5 km²avg depth3.9 m
- Lacul Gârliţaarea13,9 km²avg depth10.4 m
- Lacul Techirghiolarea11,9 km²avg depth6.9 m
- Lacul Nuntaşiarea9,9 km²avg depth3.7 m
- Lacul Gargalâcarea4,7 km²avg depth3.6 m
38 more lakes
- Lacul Histriaarea3,8 km²avg depth2.1 m
- Lacul Mârleanuarea3,5 km²avg depth1.5 m
- Lake #71366area2,9 km²avg depth1.2 m
- Lacul Baciuluiarea1,2 km²avg depth6.9 m
- Lac 1361871area0,9 km²avg depth4.8 m
- Lac 1361624area0,9 km²avg depth5.2 m
- Lac 1361519area0,9 km²avg depth6.1 m
- Lac 1362141area0,8 km²avg depth3.5 m
- Lac 1361193area0,8 km²avg depth1.4 m
- Lac 1361706area0,8 km²avg depth3.4 m
- Lac 1361485area0,7 km²avg depth6.4 m
- Lac 1361872area0,6 km²avg depth2.7 m
- Lac 1360965area0,5 km²avg depth1.6 m
- Lac 1362247area0,5 km²avg depth2.9 m
- Lac 1361231area0,5 km²avg depth1.4 m
- Lac 1361197area0,4 km²avg depth1.4 m
- Lac 1361279area0,4 km²avg depth1.1 m
- Lac 1362005area0,4 km²avg depth4.7 m
- Lac 1361725area0,4 km²avg depth1.6 m
- Lac 1361252area0,4 km²avg depth1.4 m
- Lac 1361972area0,3 km²avg depth3.2 m
- Lac 1362184area0,3 km²avg depth2.7 m
- Lac 1361450area0,3 km²avg depth2.0 m
- Lac 1361238area0,3 km²avg depth1.2 m
- Lac 1361845area0,3 km²avg depth2.4 m
- Lac 1361204area0,3 km²avg depth1.0 m
- Lac 1361104area0,2 km²avg depth1.3 m
- Lac 1361395area0,2 km²avg depth2.1 m
- Lac 1360755area0,2 km²avg depth0.7 m
- Lac 1360870area0,2 km²avg depth1.0 m
- Lac 1360865area0,2 km²avg depth2.2 m
- Lac 1361532area0,2 km²avg depth3.5 m
- Lac 1361567area0,2 km²avg depth2.1 m
- Lac 1361349area0,2 km²avg depth1.1 m
- Lac 1360752area0,1 km²avg depth1.7 m
- Lac 1361553area0,1 km²avg depth3.2 m
- Lac 1362139area0,1 km²avg depth3.0 m
- Lac 1361189area0,1 km²avg depth0.9 m
Rivers / streams (35, ord ≥ 4)
- Urluiaord 8len here160.94 km99%total162 km
- Dunăreaord 8len here109.32 km30%total368 km
- Canalul Dunăre-Marea Neagrăord 3len here98.76 km100%total99 km
- Casimceaord 3len here70.44 km74%total95 km
- Canaraua Feteiord 4len here28.33 km87%total33 km
- Brațul Măcinord 3len here26.07 km21%total127 km
- Topologord 5len here23.37 km23%total101 km
- Valea Seimeniord 2len here18.28 km100%total18 km
- Канагьолord 4len here16.48 km10%total158 km
- Cocoșord 1len here14.76 km100%total15 km
- Cartalord 2len here14.41 km100%total14 km
- Dunărea - Brațul Jianuord 1len here13.26 km100%total13 km
23 more river segmentssorted by Strahler order + length
- Canal Negru Vodăord 1len here10.63 km100%total11 km
- Canalul Poarta Albă-Midia Năvodariord 1len here9.96 km100%total10 km
- Canal Lebadaord 8len here9.85 km57%total17 km
- Visternaord 1len here9.31 km100%total9 km
- Canalul Poarta Albă-Midia Năvodariord 2len here9.10 km100%total9 km
- Canal Aducțiuneord 1len here8.30 km100%total8 km
- Bentuord 1len here7.92 km100%total8 km
- Verigaord 3len here7.17 km97%total7 km
- Canal Negru Vodăord 1len here6.90 km100%total7 km
- Almălăuord 1len here6.36 km100%total6 km
- Canalul Dunăre-Marea Neagrăord 1len here6.17 km100%total6 km
- Pârâul Ghelengicord 2len here5.72 km100%total6 km
- Tașaulord 1len here5.66 km100%total6 km
- Canal irigațiiord 1len here4.11 km53%total8 km
- Mahomenceaord 2len here3.48 km35%total10 km
- Poarta Albă-Midia-Năvodariord 3len here2.34 km99%total2 km
- Canalul de evacuare a apei de răcire a CNE Cernavodăord 8len here1.98 km35%total6 km
- Dunărea (Brațul Ostrovului) - Дунавord 4len here1.96 km100%total2 km
- Canalul Periboinaord 3len here1.23 km100%total1 km
- Valea Agigeaord 1len here0.86 km100%total1 km
- Brațul Borcea (Dunărea)ord 6len here0.10 km0%total168 km
- Dunărea - Brațul Mănușoiaord 8len here0.10 km1%total9 km
- Dunărea - Дунавord 8len here≈ tangenttotal752 km
Live spatial overlap (cached after first hit) · HydroBASINS lev08 × HydroLAKES × HydroRIVERS v10
Human pressure
Pop. density
1hab/km²
Night light
1,1nW
Built-up
63,7%
Pesticides
5,6kg/km²
GHSL POP/Built 2020 · VIIRS lumière nocturne · PEST-CHEMGRIDS 2020 (Maggi et al.)
Protected areas97
IUCN Not Reported · 54IUCN IV · 24IUCN Not Assigned · 12IUCN Ia · 2IUCN III · 2IUCN Not Applicable · 1IUCN V · 1IUCN VI · 1🌊 Marine · 19📍 Point sites · 1
Delta Dunării și Complexul Razim - Sinoie
IUCN Not ReportedSpecial Protection Area (Birds Directive) · 2007
5 078 km²
Delta Dunării
IUCN Not ReportedSite of Community Importance (Habitats Directive) · 2009
4 532 km²
Delta Dunării - zona marină
IUCN Not ReportedSite of Community Importance (Habitats Directive) · 2009
3 362 km²
Danube Delta
IUCN Not ApplicableWorld Heritage Site (natural or mixed) · 1991
3 151 km²
Marea Neagră
IUCN Not ReportedSpecial Protection Area (Birds Directive) · 2007
1 490 km²
Complete list97 protected areas
- Danube DeltaWetland of International Importance (Ramsar Site)IUCN Not Reported19916 278 km²
- Delta Dunării și Complexul Razim - SinoieSpecial Protection Area (Birds Directive)IUCN Not Reported20075 078 km²
- Delta DunăriiSite of Community Importance (Habitats Directive)IUCN Not Reported20094 532 km²
- Delta Dunării - zona marinăSite of Community Importance (Habitats Directive)IUCN Not Reported20093 362 km²
- Danube DeltaWorld Heritage Site (natural or mixed)IUCN Not Applicable19913 151 km²
- Marea NeagrăSpecial Protection Area (Birds Directive)IUCN Not Reported20071 490 km²
- Podișul Nord DobrogeanSite of Community Importance (Habitats Directive)IUCN Not Reported2008848 km²
- Suha rekaSpecial Areas of Conservation (Habitats Directive)IUCN Not Reported2020625 km²
- Canaralele DunăriiSpecial Areas of Conservation (Habitats Directive)IUCN Not Reported2022261 km²
- Balta Mică a BrăileiSpecial Protection Area (Birds Directive)IUCN Not Reported2007258 km²
- Suha rekaSpecial Protection Area (Birds Directive)IUCN Not Reported2007254 km²
- Stepa CasimceaSpecial Protection Area (Birds Directive)IUCN Not Reported2007219 km²
- Parcul Natural Balta Mică a BrăileiNatural parkIUCN V2000207 km²
- Balta Mică a BrăileiSite of Community Importance (Habitats Directive)IUCN Not Reported2008207 km²
- Dunărea Veche - Brațul MăcinSpecial Protection Area (Birds Directive)IUCN Not Reported2007190 km²
- Aliman - AdamclisiSpecial Protection Area (Birds Directive)IUCN Not Reported2007189 km²
- Dumbrăveni - Valea Urluia - Lacul VederoasaSpecial Areas of Conservation (Habitats Directive)IUCN Not Reported2022180 km²
- Dunăre - OstroaveSpecial Protection Area (Birds Directive)IUCN Not Reported2007162 km²
- Pădurea și Valea Canaraua Fetii - IortmacSpecial Areas of Conservation (Habitats Directive)IUCN Not Reported2022136 km²
- Cap AuroraSite of Community Importance (Habitats Directive)IUCN Not Reported2013136 km²
- Vama Veche - 2 MaiSpecial Areas of Conservation (Habitats Directive)IUCN Not Reported2022123 km²
- Allah Bair - CapidavaSpecial Protection Area (Birds Directive)IUCN Not Reported2007117 km²
- Cheile DobrogeiSpecial Protection Area (Birds Directive)IUCN Not Reported2007109 km²
- Brațul MăcinSite of Community Importance (Habitats Directive)IUCN Not Reported2008104 km²
- Vama Veche - 2 MaiNot AssignedIUCN Not Assigned200073 km²
- Canaralele de la HârșovaSpecial Protection Area (Birds Directive)IUCN Not Reported200773 km²
- Băneasa - Canaraua FeteiSpecial Protection Area (Birds Directive)IUCN Not Reported200761 km²
- Izvoarele sulfuroase submarine de la MangaliaSpecial Areas of Conservation (Habitats Directive)IUCN Not Reported202258 km²
- Plaja submersă Eforie Nord - Eforie SudSpecial Areas of Conservation (Habitats Directive)IUCN Not Reported202257 km²
- Recifii Jurasici CheiaSpecial Areas of Conservation (Habitats Directive)IUCN Not Reported202257 km²
- Zona marină de la Capul TuzlaSpecial Areas of Conservation (Habitats Directive)IUCN Not Reported202249 km²
- Costinesti - 23 AugustSite of Community Importance (Habitats Directive)IUCN Not Reported201349 km²
- Stepa Saraiu - HoreaSpecial Protection Area (Birds Directive)IUCN Not Reported200741 km²
- Pădurea Hagieni - Cotul VăiiSpecial Areas of Conservation (Habitats Directive)IUCN Not Reported202237 km²
- Lacul OltinaSpecial Protection Area (Birds Directive)IUCN Not Reported200733 km²
- Lacul TechirghiolSpecial Protection Area (Birds Directive)IUCN Not Reported200729 km²
- Pădurea Eseschioi - Lacul BugeacSpecial Areas of Conservation (Habitats Directive)IUCN Not Reported202229 km²
- Lacurile Tașaul - CorbuSpecial Protection Area (Birds Directive)IUCN Not Reported200727 km²
- Peștera - DeleniSite of Community Importance (Habitats Directive)IUCN Not Reported201325 km²
- Grindul ChitucNot AssignedIUCN Not Assigned200025 km²
- Lacul OltinaNature reserveIUCN IV200424 km²
- Grindul LupilorNot AssignedIUCN Not Assigned200021 km²
- Balta VederoasaSpecial Protection Area (Birds Directive)IUCN Not Reported200721 km²
- Pădurea DumbrăveniNature reserveIUCN IV200019 km²
- DumbrăveniSpecial Protection Area (Birds Directive)IUCN Not Reported200719 km²
- Lacul SiutghiolSpecial Protection Area (Birds Directive)IUCN Not Reported200719 km²
- Rositsa - LoznitsaSpecial Areas of Conservation (Habitats Directive)IUCN Not Reported202118 km²
- Corbu - Nuntași - HistriaNot AssignedIUCN Not Assigned200018 km²
- Pădurea HagieniSpecial Protection Area (Birds Directive)IUCN Not Reported200714 km²
- Lacul BugeacSpecial Protection Area (Birds Directive)IUCN Not Reported200714 km²
- Lacul BugeacNature reserveIUCN IV200414 km²
- Lacul TechirghiolNot AssignedIUCN Not Assigned200013 km²
- Lacul DunăreniSpecial Protection Area (Birds Directive)IUCN Not Reported200713 km²
- Straja - CumpănaSite of Community Importance (Habitats Directive)IUCN Not Reported201311 km²
- Limanu - HergheliaSpecial Protection Area (Birds Directive)IUCN Not Reported20079 km²
- Lacul DunăreniNature reserveIUCN IV20046 km²
- Fântânița MurfatlarSpecial Areas of Conservation (Habitats Directive)IUCN Not Reported20226 km²
- Lacul VederoasaNature reserveIUCN IV20046 km²
- Pădurea HagieniNature reserveIUCN IV19705 km²
- Cetatea HistriaNot AssignedIUCN Not Assigned20004 km²
+ 37 protected areas (top 60 shown)
WDPA (World Database on Protected Areas) — UNEP-WCMC & IUCN
Sub-administrations56
- 23 AugustCommune
- AdamclisiCommune
- AgigeaCommune
- AlbestiCommune
- AlimanCommune
- AmzaceaCommune
- BaneasaCommune
- CasteluCommune
- CerchezuCommune
- CernavodaCommune
- ChirnogeniCommune
- CiobanuCommune
- CiocarliaCommune
- CobadinCommune
- CogealacCommune
- ComanaCommune
- ConstantaCommune
- CorbuCommune
- CostinestiCommune
- CruceaCommune
- CumpanaCommune
- DeleniCommune
- DobromirCommune
- DumbraveniCommune
- GarliciuCommune
- GhindarestiCommune
- HarsovaCommune
- Ion CorvinCommune
- IstriaCommune
- LimanuCommune
- LipnitaCommune
- LuminaCommune
- MangaliaCommune
- MedgidiaCommune
- MereniCommune
- Mihail KogalniceanuCommune
- Mircea VodaCommune
- MurfatlarCommune
- NavodariCommune
- Negru VodaCommune
- OltinaCommune
- OstrovCommune
- PecineagaCommune
- PesteraCommune
- Poarta AlbaCommune
- RasovaCommune
- SaceleCommune
- SaraiuCommune
- SeimeniCommune
- TargusorCommune
- TopaluCommune
- TopraisarCommune
- TortomanCommune
- TuzlaCommune
- Valu Lui TraianCommune
- VulturuCommune