iSimangaliso Marine Protected Area
IUCN Not ReportedMarine Protected Area · 2019
10 711 km²
Commune · ZAF
Umhlabuyalingana
South Africa
BShArid, steppe, hot(54 %)
Species observed
5 868
Observations
135 055
Area
3 954,1km²
Ecological tissue
Sample of 13 species (selected proportionally per kingdom among those with at least one documented interaction here) to keep the graph readable. Hover for details, click to explore the full ecosystem of a species.
ℹ️ The territory contains many more species than displayed and all their documented interactions: the graph is intentionally the structural skeleton (top-N species by composite local score, edges filtered by Serrano 2009 disparity filter α=0.2).
RègnesAnimalPlanteChampignonBacterie
RelationsPredationParasitismeSymbiosePollinisation
StatutEn dangerVulnérableProtégéeEndémique
Indicateurs du tissu écologique
Tissu écologique de Umhlabuyalingana : 12 espèces reliées par 9 interactions GloBI sur 2 types (connectance 11.5%, filtre Serrano α=0.2). 1 bulle taxonomique (cascade genre/famille GloBI, ≥3 espèces).
Espèces affichées
13
Interactions affichées
9
Connectance
0.115
Patrimoniales
0
Plus dense que (national)0 %(top 100%)
Comparaison sur la connectance du réseau local complet vs distribution nationale (toutes les communes françaises).
Species present
5 868 distinct species · 135 055 observations
Source: GBIF Occurrence snapshot 2026-05-01.
Climate
Mean T°
22,5°C
Annual rain
820mm
Warmest m°
29,3°C
Coldest m°
14,3°C
Elevation: 62 m on average (min -20 m, max 136 m)
Bioclimatic details19 BIO + Köppen full + altitude statsExpert
Annual mean temp.
22,5°C
Annual rain
820mm
Warmest month
29,3°C
Coldest month
14,3°C
Mean alt.
62m
Min
-20m
Max
136m
Std. dev.
22m
Köppen-Geiger (dominant)
BShArid, steppe, hot(54 %)Arid
CHELSA BIO 1-19 v2.1 · ETOPO DEM 60s · Köppen-Geiger 1991-2020 (Beck et al. 2018)
Soil & lithology
pH H₂O
6,3
Org. C
18,6g/kg
Clay
26,3%
Sand
56,2%
Silt
17,6%
Average over 0-30 cm. Per-depth details in expert panel.
Dominant lithology: ssGLiMaggregated to Umkhanyakude
3 soil depths detailed0-5cm / 5-15cm / 15-30cm × 5 propsExpert
0–5 cm
pH H₂O
6,3
Org. C
25,2g/kg
Clay
25,9%
Sand
56,5%
Silt
17,6%
5–15 cm
pH H₂O
6,3
Org. C
15,9g/kg
Clay
25,2%
Sand
57,1%
Silt
17,7%
15–30 cm
pH H₂O
6,3
Org. C
14,8g/kg
Clay
27,7%
Sand
54,9%
Silt
17,4%
SoilGrids 250m (ISRIC, 2017) · GLiM v1.0 (Hartmann & Moosdorf 2012)
Land cover
Forest39.2%
Crops16.2%
Built-up0.6%
Bare soil0.9%
Other (grassland, water…)43.1%
Copernicus Global Land Cover 100m (Buchhorn et al. 2020)
Hydrology8 basins · 31 lakes · 4 rivers
Hydrology metrics for this exact territory
Stream length here
85,2km
Lake surface here
113,41km²
Basins crossed
8
Max stream order
5
Max drainage
30 280km²
Discharge in basins
116,1m³/s
Mean precip.
799mm/an
Mean T°
22,3°C
Moisture idx
-0,46
Mean runoff
156mm/an
Mean elev. (basins)
68m
Watersheds crossing here
- Bassin de Mselenisub-area2 458,3 km²overlap1433.26 km²36%
- Basin #12830sub-area2 169,8 km²overlap1099.59 km²28%
- Bassin de Pongolosub-area1 970,3 km²overlap594.29 km²15%
- Bassin de Mkuze Riversub-area1 296,5 km²overlap384.37 km²10%
- Bassin de Mkuze Riversub-area422,6 km²overlap243.35 km²6%
- Bassin de Pongolosub-area191,5 km²overlap95.12 km²2%
- Bassin de Rio Maputosub-area133,4 km²overlap59.43 km²2%
- Bassin de Rio Maputosub-area842 km²overlap44.69 km²1%
Lakes (31, top by area)
- Sibayiarea61,3 km²avg depth11.5 m
- Kosimeerarea30,5 km²avg depth13.8 m
- Neshearea4,4 km²avg depth3.8 m
- Tetenyanearea4,3 km²avg depth2.0 m
- Mthikeniarea3,6 km²avg depth1.4 m
- Mandlankunziarea2 km²avg depth1.6 m
- Lake #83468area1,4 km²avg depth1.3 m
- aManzamnyamaarea1,3 km²avg depth4.3 m
- KuShengezaarea1,3 km²avg depth2.4 m
22 more lakes
- Sokhuntiarea1,1 km²avg depth2.1 m
- Lac 1420040area0,8 km²avg depth2.5 m
- Lac 1420170area0,8 km²avg depth4.7 m
- Lac 1419719area0,7 km²avg depth4.1 m
- Lac 1419863area0,7 km²avg depth3.4 m
- Lac 1419835area0,6 km²avg depth3.8 m
- Lac 1419953area0,5 km²avg depth1.8 m
- Lac 1419935area0,4 km²avg depth1.5 m
- Lac 1419880area0,3 km²avg depth1.9 m
- Lac 1419895area0,3 km²avg depth2.0 m
- Lac 1420052area0,3 km²avg depth2.7 m
- Lac 1419852area0,3 km²avg depth3.2 m
- Lac 1419939area0,2 km²avg depth1.4 m
- Lac 1419946area0,2 km²avg depth1.8 m
- Lac 1419947area0,2 km²avg depth1.4 m
- Lac 1419763area0,2 km²avg depth2.1 m
- Lac 1419948area0,2 km²avg depth1.9 m
- Lac 1420093area0,2 km²avg depth3.4 m
- Lac 1419822area0,1 km²avg depth2.1 m
- Lac 1419874area0,1 km²avg depth1.7 m
- Lac 1419906area0,1 km²avg depth1.6 m
- Lac 1419866area0,1 km²avg depth2.0 m
Rivers / streams (4, ord ≥ 4)
Live spatial overlap (cached after first hit) · HydroBASINS lev08 × HydroLAKES × HydroRIVERS v10
Human pressure
Pop. density
0hab/km²
Night light
0,2nW
Built-up
58,6%
Pesticides
21,6kg/km²
GHSL POP/Built 2020 · VIIRS lumière nocturne · PEST-CHEMGRIDS 2020 (Maggi et al.)
Protected areas18
IUCN Not Reported · 12IUCN II · 2IUCN IV · 2IUCN V · 1IUCN Not Applicable · 1🌊 Marine · 10
Maputo
IUCN VEnvironmental Protection Area · 2019
5 732 km²
iSimangaliso Wetland Park – Maputo National Park
IUCN Not ApplicableWorld Heritage Site (natural or mixed) · 1999
3 977 km²
St. Lucia System
IUCN IIWetland of International Importance (Ramsar Site) · 1986
1 393 km²
Maputo
IUCN IISpecial Reserve · 1960
1 040 km²
Turtle Beaches/Coral Reefs of Tongaland
IUCN Not ReportedWetland of International Importance (Ramsar Site) · 1986
746 km²
Complete list18 protected areas
- iSimangaliso Marine Protected AreaMarine Protected AreaIUCN Not Reported201910 711 km²
- MaputoEnvironmental Protection AreaIUCN V20195 732 km²
- iSimangaliso Wetland Park – Maputo National ParkWorld Heritage Site (natural or mixed)IUCN Not Applicable19993 977 km²
- St. Lucia SystemWetland of International Importance (Ramsar Site)IUCN II19861 393 km²
- MaputoSpecial ReserveIUCN II19601 040 km²
- Turtle Beaches/Coral Reefs of TongalandWetland of International Importance (Ramsar Site)IUCN Not Reported1986746 km²
- St. Lucia Marine ReserveNature ReserveIUCN Not Reported1979465 km²
- Maputaland Marine ReserveNature ReserveIUCN Not Reported1987364 km²
- Tembe Elephant ParkNature ReserveIUCN Not Reported1983299 km²
- Coastal Forest ReserveNature ReserveIUCN Not Reported1992261 km²
- Kosi BayWetland of International Importance (Ramsar Site)IUCN IV1991173 km²
- Ndumu Game ReserveNature ReserveIUCN Not Reported1939119 km²
- Ndumo Game ReserveWetland of International Importance (Ramsar Site)IUCN IV1997119 km²
- Lake Sibayi Fresh Water ReserveNature ReserveIUCN Not Reported199472 km²
- Lake SibayaWetland of International Importance (Ramsar Site)IUCN Not Reported199160 km²
- Sileza Nature ReserveNature ReserveIUCN Not Reported199221 km²
- Sodwana Bay National ParkNature ReserveIUCN Not Reported195012 km²
- Manguzi Forest ReserveNature ReserveIUCN Not Reported19932 km²
WDPA (World Database on Protected Areas) — UNEP-WCMC & IUCN