Gulf of Mannar Marine Biosphere Reserve
IUCN Not ReportedWetland of International Importance (Ramsar Site) · 2022
527 km²
District · IND
Thoothukkudi
India
AwTropical, savannah(100 %)
Species observed
784
Observations
37 408
Area
4 712,7km²
Ecological tissue
Sample of 31 species (selected proportionally per kingdom among those with at least one documented interaction here) to keep the graph readable. Hover for details, click to explore the full ecosystem of a species.
ℹ️ The territory contains many more species than displayed and all their documented interactions: the graph is intentionally the structural skeleton (top-N species by composite local score, edges filtered by Serrano 2009 disparity filter α=0.2).
RègnesAnimalPlanteChampignonBacterie
RelationsPredationParasitismeSymbiosePollinisation
StatutEn dangerVulnérableProtégéeEndémique
Indicateurs du tissu écologique
Tissu écologique de Thoothukkudi : 22 espèces dont 2 patrimoniales (LR IUCN CR/EN/VU) reliées par 51 interactions GloBI sur 3 types (connectance 11.0%, filtre Serrano α=0.2). 9 bulles taxonomiques (cascade genre/famille GloBI, ≥3 espèces).
Espèces affichées
31
Interactions affichées
51
Connectance
0.110
Patrimoniales
2
Plus dense que (national)0 %(top 100%)
Comparaison sur la connectance du réseau local complet vs distribution nationale (toutes les communes françaises).
Species present
784 distinct species · 37 408 observations
Source: GBIF Occurrence snapshot 2026-05-01.
Climate
Mean T°
28,8°C
Annual rain
765mm
Warmest m°
35,8°C
Coldest m°
21,7°C
Elevation: 40 m on average (min -9 m, max 127 m)
Bioclimatic details19 BIO + Köppen full + altitude statsExpert
Annual mean temp.
28,8°C
Annual rain
765mm
Warmest month
35,8°C
Coldest month
21,7°C
Mean alt.
40m
Min
-9m
Max
127m
Std. dev.
29m
Köppen-Geiger (dominant)
AwTropical, savannah(100 %)Tropical
CHELSA BIO 1-19 v2.1 · ETOPO DEM 60s · Köppen-Geiger 1991-2020 (Beck et al. 2018)
Soil & lithology
pH H₂O
7,3
Org. C
32,4g/kg
Clay
34,4%
Sand
39,1%
Silt
26,5%
Average over 0-30 cm. Per-depth details in expert panel.
Dominant lithology: mtGLiM
3 soil depths detailed0-5cm / 5-15cm / 15-30cm × 5 propsExpert
0–5 cm
pH H₂O
7,3
Org. C
48,5g/kg
Clay
32,7%
Sand
40,3%
Silt
27,1%
5–15 cm
pH H₂O
7,3
Org. C
25,7g/kg
Clay
33,6%
Sand
39,6%
Silt
26,8%
15–30 cm
pH H₂O
7,3
Org. C
23,1g/kg
Clay
37,0%
Sand
37,3%
Silt
25,6%
SoilGrids 250m (ISRIC, 2017) · GLiM v1.0 (Hartmann & Moosdorf 2012)
Land cover
Forest4.5%
Crops63.3%
Built-up1.2%
Bare soil3.9%
Other (grassland, water…)27.1%
Copernicus Global Land Cover 100m (Buchhorn et al. 2020)
Hydrology11 basins · 50 lakes · 7 rivers
Hydrology metrics for this exact territory
Stream length here
283,0km
Lake surface here
41,80km²
Basins crossed
11
Max stream order
5
Max drainage
5 626km²
Discharge in basins
47,9m³/s
Mean precip.
721mm/an
Mean T°
28,9°C
Moisture idx
-0,56
Mean runoff
164mm/an
Mean elev. (basins)
54m
Watersheds crossing here
- Bassin de Korampallam Odaisub-area1 548,6 km²overlap1520.18 km²32%
- Bassin de Thamirabharanisub-area1 053 km²overlap835.20 km²18%
- Bassin de Karumeni Aarusub-area2 015,1 km²overlap676.25 km²14%
- Bassin de Chittar Riversub-area724,4 km²overlap436.60 km²9%
- Bassin de Vaippar Riversub-area412,3 km²overlap410.36 km²9%
- Basin #29310sub-area989,7 km²overlap351.46 km²7%
- Bassin de Vaippar Riversub-area445,3 km²overlap183.11 km²4%
- Bassin de Vaippar Riversub-area425,1 km²overlap160.06 km²3%
- Bassin de Chittar Riversub-area136,2 km²overlap86.33 km²2%
2 more basinssorted by overlap
Lakes (50, top by area)
- Lake #79948area8,5 km²avg depth1.5 m
- Lake #79993area3,3 km²avg depth1.6 m
- Tenkarai Kulamarea3 km²avg depth1.0 m
- Lake #79977area3 km²avg depth2.6 m
- Lake #79918area1,7 km²avg depth1.0 m
- Lake #79920area1,3 km²avg depth0.5 m
- Lake #79983area1,3 km²avg depth0.8 m
- Lake #79951area1,2 km²avg depth0.5 m
- Lake #79949area1,1 km²avg depth0.7 m
41 more lakes
- Lake #79947area1,1 km²avg depth0.7 m
- Lac 1403343area1 km²avg depth1.7 m
- Lac 1403022area0,9 km²avg depth1.6 m
- Lac 1403602area0,9 km²avg depth1.7 m
- Lac 1403574area0,9 km²avg depth1.3 m
- Lac 1403715area0,8 km²avg depth2.5 m
- Lac 1403439area0,6 km²avg depth1.1 m
- Lac 1403222area0,6 km²avg depth1.7 m
- Lac 1403732area0,6 km²avg depth1.2 m
- Lac 1403587area0,6 km²avg depth1.7 m
- Lac 1403672area0,5 km²avg depth1.7 m
- Lac 1403136area0,5 km²avg depth1.3 m
- Lac 1403664area0,5 km²avg depth2.1 m
- Lac 1403450area0,5 km²avg depth1.3 m
- Lac 1403604area0,5 km²avg depth1.8 m
- Lac 1403754area0,5 km²avg depth1.3 m
- Lac 1403827area0,4 km²avg depth1.9 m
- Lac 1403527area0,4 km²avg depth1.6 m
- Lac 1403612area0,4 km²avg depth1.5 m
- Lac 1403693area0,3 km²avg depth1.7 m
- Lac 1403705area0,3 km²avg depth1.6 m
- Lac 1403486area0,3 km²avg depth1.9 m
- Lac 1403675area0,3 km²avg depth1.0 m
- Lac 1403963area0,3 km²avg depth1.6 m
- Lac 1403595area0,3 km²avg depth1.4 m
- Lac 1403639area0,3 km²avg depth1.4 m
- Lac 1403661area0,3 km²avg depth2.1 m
- Lac 1403728area0,3 km²avg depth1.2 m
- Lac 1403202area0,3 km²avg depth1.4 m
- Lac 1403722area0,3 km²avg depth1.8 m
- Lac 1403243area0,3 km²avg depth1.2 m
- Lac 1403703area0,2 km²avg depth1.7 m
- Lac 1403271area0,2 km²avg depth1.5 m
- Lac 1403752area0,2 km²avg depth1.3 m
- Lac 1403706area0,2 km²avg depth1.2 m
- Lac 1403266area0,2 km²avg depth1.3 m
- Lac 1403671area0,2 km²avg depth0.9 m
- Lac 1403513area0,2 km²avg depth1.6 m
- Lac 1403711area0,2 km²avg depth1.1 m
- Lac 1403446area0,2 km²avg depth0.9 m
- Lac 1403444area0,2 km²avg depth1.6 m
Rivers / streams (7, ord ≥ 4)
- Thamirabharaniord 5len here106.10 km47%total224 km
- Vaippar Riverord 5len here56.26 km50%total112 km
- Korampallam Odaiord 3len here45.83 km100%total46 km
- Karumeni Aaruord 3len here43.35 km63%total69 km
- Chittar Riverord 4len here23.80 km28%total85 km
- Uppar Riverord 3len here5.96 km30%total20 km
- Ambasamudramord 5len here1.71 km35%total5 km
Live spatial overlap (cached after first hit) · HydroBASINS lev08 × HydroLAKES × HydroRIVERS v10
Human pressure
Pop. density
3hab/km²
Night light
1,3nW
Built-up
123,8%
Pesticides
5,1kg/km²
GHSL POP/Built 2020 · VIIRS lumière nocturne · PEST-CHEMGRIDS 2020 (Maggi et al.)
Protected areas1
IUCN Not Reported · 1🌊 Marine · 1
WDPA (World Database on Protected Areas) — UNEP-WCMC & IUCN