Montes de Toledo
IUCN Not ReportedSpecial Areas of Conservation (Habitats Directive) · 2016
2 184 km²
Commune · ESP
n.a. (79)
Spain
BSkArid, steppe, cold(97 %)
Species observed
3 345
Observations
462 622
Area
4 772,2km²
Ecological tissue
Sample of 30 species (selected proportionally per kingdom among those with at least one documented interaction here) to keep the graph readable. Hover for details, click to explore the full ecosystem of a species.
ℹ️ The territory contains many more species than displayed and all their documented interactions: the graph is intentionally the structural skeleton (top-N species by composite local score, edges filtered by Serrano 2009 disparity filter α=0.2).
RègnesAnimalPlanteChampignonBacterie
RelationsPredationParasitismeSymbiosePollinisation
StatutEn dangerVulnérableProtégéeEndémique
Indicateurs du tissu écologique
Tissu écologique de n.a. (79) : 25 espèces dont 2 patrimoniales (LR IUCN CR/EN/VU) reliées par 53 interactions GloBI sur 2 types (connectance 12.2%, filtre Serrano α=0.2). 5 bulles taxonomiques (cascade genre/famille GloBI, ≥3 espèces).
Espèces affichées
30
Interactions affichées
53
Connectance
0.122
Patrimoniales
2
Plus dense que (national)0 %(top 100%)
Comparaison sur la connectance du réseau local complet vs distribution nationale (toutes les communes françaises).
Species present
3 345 distinct species · 462 622 observations
Source: GBIF Occurrence snapshot 2026-05-01.
Climate
Mean T°
15,3°C
Annual rain
404mm
Warmest m°
32,6°C
Coldest m°
1,1°C
Elevation: 683 m on average (min 605 m, max 1 045 m)
Bioclimatic details19 BIO + Köppen full + altitude statsExpert
Annual mean temp.
15,3°C
Annual rain
404mm
Warmest month
32,6°C
Coldest month
1,1°C
Mean alt.
683m
Min
605m
Max
1 045m
Std. dev.
63m
Köppen-Geiger (dominant)
BSkArid, steppe, cold(97 %)Arid
CHELSA BIO 1-19 v2.1 · ETOPO DEM 60s · Köppen-Geiger 1991-2020 (Beck et al. 2018)
Soil & lithology
pH H₂O
7,8
Org. C
14,8g/kg
Clay
26,3%
Sand
43,8%
Silt
30,0%
Average over 0-30 cm. Per-depth details in expert panel.
Dominant lithology: ssGLiMaggregated to Ciudad Real
3 soil depths detailed0-5cm / 5-15cm / 15-30cm × 5 propsExpert
0–5 cm
pH H₂O
7,6
Org. C
24,1g/kg
Clay
24,0%
Sand
44,7%
Silt
31,3%
5–15 cm
pH H₂O
7,9
Org. C
11,1g/kg
Clay
23,8%
Sand
44,9%
Silt
31,3%
15–30 cm
pH H₂O
7,9
Org. C
9,2g/kg
Clay
31,0%
Sand
41,6%
Silt
27,4%
SoilGrids 250m (ISRIC, 2017) · GLiM v1.0 (Hartmann & Moosdorf 2012)
Land cover
Forest5.0%
Crops52.7%
Built-up0.4%
Bare soil6.2%
Other (grassland, water…)35.7%
Copernicus Global Land Cover 100m (Buchhorn et al. 2020)
Hydrology12 basins · 18 lakes · 30 rivers
Hydrology metrics for this exact territory
Stream length here
608,9km
Lake surface here
12,43km²
Basins crossed
12
Max stream order
5
Max drainage
16 433km²
Discharge in basins
27,2m³/s
Mean precip.
439mm/an
Mean T°
14,0°C
Moisture idx
-0,64
Max snow
1%
Mean runoff
39mm/an
Mean elev. (basins)
744m
Watersheds crossing here
- Bassin de Río Azuersub-area1 759,7 km²overlap1049.06 km²22%
- Bassin de Río Amarguillosub-area1 183,4 km²overlap701.62 km²15%
- Bassin de Río Guadianasub-area2 668,2 km²overlap692.78 km²15%
- Bassin de Río Córcolessub-area1 412,3 km²overlap663.24 km²14%
- Bassin de Guadiana Viejosub-area1 524,5 km²overlap559.52 km²12%
- Bassin de Río Jabalónsub-area2 389,2 km²overlap435.16 km²9%
- Bassin de Río Záncarasub-area559,8 km²overlap248.68 km²5%
- Bassin de Río Cigüelasub-area359,5 km²overlap235.28 km²5%
- Bassin de Río Záncarasub-area137,5 km²overlap137.59 km²3%
Lakes (18, top by area)
- Embalse de Marisánchez - La Cabezuelaarea5 km²avg depth12.3 m
- Embalse de Peñarroyaarea3,9 km²avg depth12.4 m
- Laguna del Camino de Villafrancaarea1,4 km²avg depth1.9 m
- Lac 1368042area0,9 km²avg depth7.4 m
- Lac 1367440area0,7 km²avg depth2.2 m
- Lac 1367416area0,7 km²avg depth2.0 m
- Lac 1367359area0,4 km²avg depth3.0 m
- Lac 1367409area0,4 km²avg depth2.4 m
- Lac 1367857area0,3 km²avg depth2.6 m
9 more lakes
- Lac 1368036area0,3 km²avg depth5.3 m
- Lac 1367599area0,3 km²avg depth1.8 m
- Lac 1367419area0,3 km²avg depth2.3 m
- Lac 1367898area0,2 km²avg depth2.7 m
- Lac 1367519area0,2 km²avg depth0.5 m
- Lac 1367534area0,2 km²avg depth1.6 m
- Lac 1367434area0,2 km²avg depth1.5 m
- Lac 1367373area0,2 km²avg depth1.6 m
- Lac 1367558area0,2 km²avg depth1.8 m
Rivers / streams (30, ord ≥ 4)
- Río Azuerord 4len here92.80 km63%total147 km
- Río Cigüelaord 5len here86.48 km44%total194 km
- Río Záncaraord 5len here69.21 km32%total213 km
- Guadiana Viejoord 3len here66.11 km82%total81 km
- Río Córcolesord 5len here48.83 km42%total115 km
- Río Guadianaord 6len here32.61 km5%total668 km
- Río Jabalónord 4len here32.45 km14%total235 km
- Arroyo del Peralord 2len here28.34 km87%total33 km
- Río Amarguilloord 3len here18.55 km21%total90 km
- Canal de los Aurilesord 4len here14.21 km100%total14 km
- Canal de la Margen Izquierdaord 3len here11.85 km100%total12 km
- Arroyo de la Jarosaord 2len here11.45 km100%total11 km
18 more river segmentssorted by Strahler order + length
- Desagüe Depuradoraord 5len here10.57 km100%total11 km
- Arroyo de San Marcosord 1len here10.30 km100%total10 km
- valdehierroord 1len here10.13 km100%total10 km
- Arroyo de la Sernaord 2len here8.16 km40%total21 km
- Acequia de la Hoyuelaord 4len here7.24 km100%total7 km
- Arroyo Cambrónord 3len here6.98 km19%total37 km
- Arroyo del Pozo de los Erizosord 1len here6.56 km100%total7 km
- Río de las Ánimasord 2len here5.66 km22%total26 km
- Cañada Blanquillaord 1len here5.06 km100%total5 km
- Arroyo de Juan Muñozord 3len here4.46 km29%total15 km
- Arroyo del Pozo de Sevillaord 1len here3.50 km100%total4 km
- Río Saonaord 3len here3.47 km12%total30 km
- Canal de la Margen Derechaord 3len here3.07 km100%total3 km
- Arroyo de las Morillasord 4len here2.64 km21%total13 km
- Rio Guadiana Viejoord 3len here2.58 km100%total3 km
- Canal de Desagüe de la Depuradoraord 1len here2.54 km100%total3 km
- Arroyo de Cuetosord 2len here1.85 km22%total8 km
- Arroyo de la Magdalenaord 1len here1.24 km100%total1 km
Live spatial overlap (cached after first hit) · HydroBASINS lev08 × HydroLAKES × HydroRIVERS v10
Human pressure
Pop. density
0hab/km²
Night light
0,9nW
Built-up
41,6%
Pesticides
36,1kg/km²
GHSL POP/Built 2020 · VIIRS lumière nocturne · PEST-CHEMGRIDS 2020 (Maggi et al.)
Protected areas22
IUCN Not Reported · 12IUCN Ib · 6IUCN IV · 2IUCN VI · 1IUCN II · 1
Montes de Toledo
IUCN Not ReportedSpecial Protection Area (Birds Directive) · 2005
2 184 km²
Área esteparia de La Mancha norte
IUCN Not ReportedSpecial Protection Area (Birds Directive) · 2005
1 071 km²
Lagunas de Ruidera
IUCN Not ReportedSpecial Areas of Conservation (Habitats Directive) · 2017
344 km²
Áreas esteparias del Campo de Montiel
IUCN Not ReportedSpecial Protection Area (Birds Directive) · 2005
161 km²
Humedales de La Mancha
IUCN Not ReportedSpecial Protection Area (Birds Directive) · 2005
151 km²
Complete list22 protected areas
- Montes de ToledoSpecial Areas of Conservation (Habitats Directive)IUCN Not Reported20162 184 km²
- Montes de ToledoSpecial Protection Area (Birds Directive)IUCN Not Reported20052 184 km²
- Área esteparia de La Mancha norteSpecial Protection Area (Birds Directive)IUCN Not Reported20051 071 km²
- Lagunas de RuideraSpecial Areas of Conservation (Habitats Directive)IUCN Not Reported2017344 km²
- Áreas esteparias del Campo de MontielSpecial Protection Area (Birds Directive)IUCN Not Reported2005161 km²
- Humedales de La ManchaSpecial Protection Area (Birds Directive)IUCN Not Reported2005151 km²
- Humedales de La ManchaSpecial Areas of Conservation (Habitats Directive)IUCN Not Reported2015151 km²
- Lagunas de RuideraWetland of International Importance (Ramsar Site)IUCN Ib201166 km²
- Lagunas de RuideraNatural ParkIUCN VI197938 km²
- Tablas de DaimielSpecial Areas of Conservation (Habitats Directive)IUCN Not Reported201531 km²
- Tablas de DaimielSpecial Protection Area (Birds Directive)IUCN Not Reported200531 km²
- Tablas de DaimielNacional ParkIUCN II197330 km²
- Las Lagunas y Albardinales del CigüelaNature ReserveIUCN Ib201130 km²
- Las Tablas de DaimielWetland of International Importance (Ramsar Site)IUCN Not Reported198227 km²
- Complejo Lagunar de ManjavacasNature ReserveIUCN Ib20017 km²
- Complejo Lagunar de Alcazar de San JuanNature ReserveIUCN Ib19997 km²
- Lagunas de Alcázar de San JuanWetland of International Importance (Ramsar Site)IUCN Not Reported19935 km²
- Laguna de SalicorNature ReserveIUCN Ib20003 km²
- Complejo Lagunar de Pedro MuñozNature ReserveIUCN Ib20022 km²
- Laguna de los CarrosMicroreserveIUCN IV20070 km²
- Albardinales de Membrilla-La SolanaMicroreserveIUCN IV20020 km²
- Laguna de la Vega (o del Pueblo)Wetland of International Importance (Ramsar Site)IUCN Not Reported19890 km²
WDPA (World Database on Protected Areas) — UNEP-WCMC & IUCN
Sub-administrations22
- Alcázar de San JuanSubdivision
- Arenales de San GregorioSubdivision
- Arenas de San JuanSubdivision
- Argamasilla de AlbaSubdivision
- Campo de CriptanaSubdivision
- DaimielSubdivision
- HerenciaSubdivision
- La SolanaSubdivision
- Las LaboresSubdivision
- Llanos del CaudilloSubdivision
- ManzanaresSubdivision
- MembrillaSubdivision
- Pedro MuñozSubdivision
- Puerto LápiceSubdivision
- RuideraSubdivision
- San Carlos del ValleSubdivision
- Santa Cruz de MudelaSubdivision
- SocuéllamosSubdivision
- TomellosoSubdivision
- ValdepeñasSubdivision
- Villarrubia de los OjosSubdivision
- Villarta de San JuanSubdivision