Ontologia

Province · sau

Makkah

Saudi Arabia

BWhArid, desert, hot(100 %)

Species observed

3 674

Observations

58 317

Area

140 676,5km²

Ecological tissue

Sample of 26 species (selected proportionally per kingdom among those with at least one documented interaction here) to keep the graph readable. Hover for details, click to explore the full ecosystem of a species.

ℹ️ The territory contains many more species than displayed and all their documented interactions: the graph is intentionally the structural skeleton (top-N species by composite local score, edges filtered by Serrano 2009 disparity filter α=0.2).

RègnesAnimalPlanteChampignonBacterie
RelationsPredationParasitismeSymbiosePollinisation
StatutEn dangerVulnérableProtégéeEndémique

Indicateurs du tissu écologique

Tissu écologique de Makkah : 19 espèces reliées par 34 interactions GloBI sur 2 types (connectance 10.5%, filtre Serrano α=0.2). 7 bulles taxonomiques (cascade genre/famille GloBI, ≥3 espèces).

Espèces affichées
26
Interactions affichées
34
Connectance
0.105
Patrimoniales
0
Plus dense que (national)0 %(top 100%)

Comparaison sur la connectance du réseau local complet vs distribution nationale (toutes les communes françaises).

Species present

3 674 distinct species · 58 317 observations

Source: GBIF Occurrence snapshot 2026-05-01.

Densité d'observations

58 317 obs · 65 cellules
Obs. / cellule
≥ 27 901
1 350–27 900
342–1 349
59–341
< 59

Source : GBIF — observations agrégées par hexagones 0.2° × 0.2° (~22km), filtre précision coordonnée < 10 km. Fond carte : OpenFreeMap · © OpenStreetMap.

Climate

Mean T°

26,8°C

Annual rain

126mm

Warmest m°

38,8°C

Coldest m°

11,8°C

Elevation: 825 m on average (min -321 m, max 2 537 m)

Bioclimatic detailsExpert
Annual mean temp.
26,8°C
Annual rain
126mm
Warmest month
38,8°C
Coldest month
11,8°C
Mean alt.
825m
Min
-321m
Max
2 537m
Std. dev.
456m
Köppen-Geiger (dominant)
BWhArid, desert, hot(100 %)Arid

CHELSA BIO 1-19 v2.1 · ETOPO DEM 60s · Köppen-Geiger 1991-2020 (Beck et al. 2018)

Soil & lithology

pH H₂O

8,1

Org. C

5,7g/kg

Clay

21,4%

Sand

49,5%

Silt

29,0%

Average over 0-30 cm. Per-depth details in expert panel.

3 soil depths detailedExpert
0–5 cm
pH H₂O
8,1
Org. C
6,3g/kg
Clay
20,1%
Sand
50,6%
Silt
29,2%
5–15 cm
pH H₂O
8,1
Org. C
5,1g/kg
Clay
21,5%
Sand
49,5%
Silt
29,0%
15–30 cm
pH H₂O
8,1
Org. C
5,8g/kg
Clay
22,7%
Sand
48,4%
Silt
28,9%

SoilGrids 250m (ISRIC, 2017) · GLiM v1.0 (Hartmann & Moosdorf 2012)

Land cover

Forest0.3%
Crops1.0%
Built-up0.3%
Bare soil86.0%
Other (grassland, water…)12.4%

Copernicus Global Land Cover 100m (Buchhorn et al. 2020)

Hydrology250 basins · 12 lakes · 100 rivers

Hydrology metrics for this exact territory

Stream length here

8 704,5km

Lake surface here

39,82km²

Basins crossed

250

Max stream order

6

Max drainage

45 161km²

Discharge in basins

179,1m³/s

Mean precip.

109mm/an

Mean T°

26,2°C

Moisture idx

-0,94

Mean runoff

23mm/an

Mean elev. (basins)

839m

Watersheds crossing here

241 more basins

Lakes (12, top by area)

3 more lakes

Rivers / streams (100, ord ≥ 4)

88 more river segments

Live spatial overlap (cached after first hit) · HydroBASINS lev08 × HydroLAKES × HydroRIVERS v10

Human pressure

Pop. density

1hab/km²

Night light

1,9nW

Built-up

31,0%

Pesticides

47,0kg/km²

GHSL POP/Built 2020 · VIIRS lumière nocturne · PEST-CHEMGRIDS 2020 (Maggi et al.)

Protected areas10

IUCN VI · 4IUCN Not Reported · 2IUCN Ia · 2IUCN III · 1IUCN V · 1🌊 Marine · 4

Blue Holes

IUCN III

Protected Area · 2025

16 428 km²

Ras Hatiba

IUCN VI

Protected Area · 2025

4 947 km²

Complete list

WDPA (World Database on Protected Areas) — UNEP-WCMC & IUCN

Sub-administrations17