The Haram of Makkah
IUCN VInviolable Sanctuary
573 km²
Governorate · SAU
Makkah Al Mukarramah
Saudi Arabia
BWhArid, desert, hot(100 %)
Species observed
707
Observations
2 496
Area
3 851,7km²
Ecological tissue
Sample of 25 species (selected proportionally per kingdom among those with at least one documented interaction here) to keep the graph readable. Hover for details, click to explore the full ecosystem of a species.
ℹ️ The territory contains many more species than displayed and all their documented interactions: the graph is intentionally the structural skeleton (top-N species by composite local score, edges filtered by Serrano 2009 disparity filter α=0.2).
RègnesAnimalPlanteChampignonBacterie
RelationsPredationParasitismeSymbiosePollinisation
StatutEn dangerVulnérableProtégéeEndémique
Indicateurs du tissu écologique
Tissu écologique de Makkah Al Mukarramah : 19 espèces reliées par 34 interactions GloBI sur 2 types (connectance 11.3%, filtre Serrano α=0.2). 6 bulles taxonomiques (cascade genre/famille GloBI, ≥3 espèces).
Espèces affichées
25
Interactions affichées
34
Connectance
0.113
Patrimoniales
0
Plus dense que (national)0 %(top 100%)
Comparaison sur la connectance du réseau local complet vs distribution nationale (toutes les communes françaises).
Species present
707 distinct species · 2 496 observations
Source: GBIF Occurrence snapshot 2026-05-01.
Climate
Mean T°
28,0°C
Annual rain
177mm
Warmest m°
39,3°C
Coldest m°
14,4°C
Elevation: 573 m on average (min 69 m, max 2 014 m)
Bioclimatic details19 BIO + Köppen full + altitude statsExpert
Annual mean temp.
28,0°C
Annual rain
177mm
Warmest month
39,3°C
Coldest month
14,4°C
Mean alt.
573m
Min
69m
Max
2 014m
Std. dev.
372m
Köppen-Geiger (dominant)
BWhArid, desert, hot(100 %)Arid
CHELSA BIO 1-19 v2.1 · ETOPO DEM 60s · Köppen-Geiger 1991-2020 (Beck et al. 2018)
Soil & lithology
pH H₂O
8,0
Org. C
5,2g/kg
Clay
18,1%
Sand
52,8%
Silt
29,1%
Average over 0-30 cm. Per-depth details in expert panel.
Dominant lithology: mtGLiM
3 soil depths detailed0-5cm / 5-15cm / 15-30cm × 5 propsExpert
0–5 cm
pH H₂O
8,0
Org. C
5,9g/kg
Clay
17,5%
Sand
53,3%
Silt
29,1%
5–15 cm
pH H₂O
8,0
Org. C
4,6g/kg
Clay
18,7%
Sand
52,5%
Silt
28,8%
15–30 cm
pH H₂O
8,0
Org. C
4,9g/kg
Clay
18,0%
Sand
52,6%
Silt
29,3%
SoilGrids 250m (ISRIC, 2017) · GLiM v1.0 (Hartmann & Moosdorf 2012)
Land cover
Forest0.8%
Crops3.5%
Built-up2.0%
Bare soil55.8%
Other (grassland, water…)37.9%
Copernicus Global Land Cover 100m (Buchhorn et al. 2020)
Hydrology19 basins · 0 lakes · 26 rivers
Hydrology metrics for this exact territory
Stream length here
540,6km
Basins crossed
19
Max stream order
4
Max drainage
5 239km²
Discharge in basins
4,4m³/s
Mean precip.
90mm/an
Mean T°
27,7°C
Moisture idx
-0,95
Mean runoff
17mm/an
Mean elev. (basins)
618m
Watersheds crossing here
- Bassin de وادي نعمانsub-area753,1 km²overlap585.92 km²15%
- Bassin de وادي عرنةsub-area413,7 km²overlap412.59 km²11%
- Bassin de وادي اليمانيةsub-area538,7 km²overlap366.57 km²10%
- Bassin de وادي الشاميةsub-area263,6 km²overlap262.11 km²7%
- Bassin de وادي فاطمةsub-area1 017,2 km²overlap248.80 km²6%
- Bassin de وادي البجيديsub-area302,1 km²overlap246.91 km²6%
- Bassin de وادي ملكانsub-area1 052,4 km²overlap227.94 km²6%
- Bassin de وادي فاطمةsub-area306,6 km²overlap213.38 km²6%
- Bassin de وادي الشاميةsub-area319,1 km²overlap203.40 km²5%
10 more basinssorted by overlap
- Bassin de وادي عرنةsub-area186,4 km²overlap185.87 km²5%
- Bassin de وادي مدرجةsub-area173,6 km²overlap173.11 km²4%
- Bassin de وادي الصربsub-area415,4 km²overlap159.77 km²4%
- Basin #51610sub-area152,5 km²overlap152.08 km²4%
- Bassin de وادي كندةsub-area299 km²overlap109.73 km²3%
- Bassin de وادي الصربsub-area103,6 km²overlap103.28 km²3%
- Bassin de وادي الحامضةsub-area1 054,5 km²overlap77.44 km²2%
- Bassin de وادي السيل الكبيرsub-area579,7 km²overlap66.17 km²2%
- Bassin de وادي فاطمةsub-area831,4 km²overlap29.91 km²1%
- Bassin de وادي الضريبةsub-area1 084,2 km²overlap26.75 km²1%
Rivers / streams (26, ord ≥ 4)
- وادي عرنةord 4len here75.64 km100%total76 km
- وادي نعمانord 3len here69.39 km96%total72 km
- وادي الشاميةord 4len here66.56 km88%total76 km
- وادي البجيديord 2len here52.84 km100%total53 km
- وادي اليمانيةord 4len here44.59 km100%total45 km
- وادي مدرجةord 2len here34.73 km100%total35 km
- وادي ملكانord 4len here21.95 km26%total84 km
- وادي مكةord 3len here19.97 km67%total30 km
- وادي الأشعرord 2len here16.57 km39%total42 km
- وادي كندةord 3len here16.40 km53%total31 km
- وادي الصربord 4len here16.35 km67%total24 km
- وادي سبوحةord 1len here15.05 km100%total15 km
14 more river segmentssorted by Strahler order + length
- وادي بريord 1len here14.34 km92%total16 km
- وأدي الهدا الكرord 2len here12.49 km91%total14 km
- وادي السيل الكبيرord 3len here10.82 km34%total32 km
- وادي فاطمةord 5len here10.18 km6%total182 km
- وادي حراضord 1len here7.87 km93%total8 km
- وادي الصدرord 2len here7.09 km45%total16 km
- وادي الشرائعord 3len here6.39 km100%total6 km
- وادي ام الحمىord 4len here4.96 km47%total11 km
- وادي دفاقord 4len here4.85 km10%total48 km
- وادي ضرعاءord 1len here4.40 km23%total19 km
- وادي الضيقهord 1len here2.81 km100%total3 km
- وادي طلحةord 1len here1.76 km43%total4 km
- وادي نبعord 1len here1.44 km12%total12 km
- وادي الحامضةord 3len here1.20 km2%total62 km
Live spatial overlap (cached after first hit) · HydroBASINS lev08 × HydroLAKES × HydroRIVERS v10
Human pressure
Pop. density
5hab/km²
Night light
14,2nW
Built-up
196,5%
Pesticides
39,9kg/km²
GHSL POP/Built 2020 · VIIRS lumière nocturne · PEST-CHEMGRIDS 2020 (Maggi et al.)
Protected areas1
IUCN V · 1
WDPA (World Database on Protected Areas) — UNEP-WCMC & IUCN