The Haram of Makkah
IUCN VInviolable Sanctuary
573 km²
Governorate · SAU
Bahrah
Saudi Arabia
BWhArid, desert, hot(100 %)
Species observed
225
Observations
553
Area
4 694km²
Ecological tissue
Sample of 32 species (selected proportionally per kingdom among those with at least one documented interaction here) to keep the graph readable. Hover for details, click to explore the full ecosystem of a species.
ℹ️ The territory contains many more species than displayed and all their documented interactions: the graph is intentionally the structural skeleton (top-N species by composite local score, edges filtered by Serrano 2009 disparity filter α=0.2).
RègnesAnimalPlanteChampignonBacterie
RelationsPredationParasitismeSymbiosePollinisation
StatutEn dangerVulnérableProtégéeEndémique
Indicateurs du tissu écologique
Tissu écologique de Bahrah : 21 espèces dont 2 patrimoniales (LR IUCN CR/EN/VU) reliées par 48 interactions GloBI sur 2 types (connectance 9.7%, filtre Serrano α=0.2). 11 bulles taxonomiques (cascade genre/famille GloBI, ≥3 espèces).
Espèces affichées
32
Interactions affichées
48
Connectance
0.097
Patrimoniales
2
Plus dense que (national)0 %(top 100%)
Comparaison sur la connectance du réseau local complet vs distribution nationale (toutes les communes françaises).
Species present
225 distinct species · 553 observations
Source: GBIF Occurrence snapshot 2026-05-01.
Climate
Mean T°
29,1°C
Annual rain
126mm
Warmest m°
38,9°C
Coldest m°
17,4°C
Elevation: 240 m on average (min -87 m, max 2 291 m)
Bioclimatic details19 BIO + Köppen full + altitude statsExpert
Annual mean temp.
29,1°C
Annual rain
126mm
Warmest month
38,9°C
Coldest month
17,4°C
Mean alt.
240m
Min
-87m
Max
2 291m
Std. dev.
309m
Köppen-Geiger (dominant)
BWhArid, desert, hot(100 %)Arid
CHELSA BIO 1-19 v2.1 · ETOPO DEM 60s · Köppen-Geiger 1991-2020 (Beck et al. 2018)
Soil & lithology
pH H₂O
8,0
Org. C
4,5g/kg
Clay
18,9%
Sand
51,9%
Silt
29,2%
Average over 0-30 cm. Per-depth details in expert panel.
Dominant lithology: mtGLiM
3 soil depths detailed0-5cm / 5-15cm / 15-30cm × 5 propsExpert
0–5 cm
pH H₂O
8,0
Org. C
5,4g/kg
Clay
17,8%
Sand
52,6%
Silt
29,5%
5–15 cm
pH H₂O
8,0
Org. C
4,1g/kg
Clay
19,4%
Sand
51,6%
Silt
29,0%
15–30 cm
pH H₂O
8,1
Org. C
4,1g/kg
Clay
19,6%
Sand
51,3%
Silt
29,1%
SoilGrids 250m (ISRIC, 2017) · GLiM v1.0 (Hartmann & Moosdorf 2012)
Land cover
Forest0.6%
Crops2.0%
Built-up0.3%
Bare soil80.3%
Other (grassland, water…)16.8%
Copernicus Global Land Cover 100m (Buchhorn et al. 2020)
Hydrology13 basins · 0 lakes · 26 rivers
Hydrology metrics for this exact territory
Stream length here
527,6km
Basins crossed
13
Max stream order
5
Max drainage
5 239km²
Discharge in basins
3,5m³/s
Mean precip.
80mm/an
Mean T°
29,3°C
Moisture idx
-0,96
Mean runoff
12mm/an
Mean elev. (basins)
212m
Watersheds crossing here
- Bassin de وادي دامsub-area1 734,4 km²overlap956.88 km²20%
- Bassin de وادي ملكانsub-area1 052,4 km²overlap815.30 km²17%
- Bassin de وادي الحشفاتsub-area841,9 km²overlap747.85 km²16%
- Bassin de وادي البيضاءsub-area738,5 km²overlap726.13 km²15%
- Bassin de وادي فاطمةsub-area1 017,2 km²overlap498.50 km²11%
- Bassin de وادي الحامضةsub-area1 054,5 km²overlap370.97 km²8%
- Bassin de وادي يلملمsub-area1 731,3 km²overlap256.58 km²5%
- Bassin de وادي الصربsub-area415,4 km²overlap184.20 km²4%
- Bassin de وادي العصلاءsub-area482,6 km²overlap83.33 km²2%
Rivers / streams (26, ord ≥ 4)
- وادي ملكانord 4len here62.13 km74%total84 km
- وادي فاطمةord 5len here52.39 km29%total182 km
- وادي دامord 4len here51.55 km100%total52 km
- وادي الحامضةord 3len here47.45 km76%total62 km
- وادي دفاقord 4len here43.50 km90%total48 km
- وادي البيضاءord 3len here41.90 km100%total42 km
- وادي الاطواءord 2len here24.55 km100%total25 km
- وادي الخرقةord 3len here22.62 km100%total23 km
- وادي الحشفاتord 2len here20.91 km100%total21 km
- وادي الفرطord 2len here18.47 km100%total19 km
- وادي الشعبord 1len here14.40 km100%total14 km
- وادي السيلord 3len here14.09 km28%total50 km
14 more river segmentssorted by Strahler order + length
- وادي رينord 3len here13.49 km100%total14 km
- وادي الشعبةord 1len here11.75 km100%total12 km
- وادي مرخةord 2len here11.16 km100%total11 km
- وادي المزيرعةord 1len here10.31 km100%total10 km
- وادي مكةord 3len here9.94 km33%total30 km
- وادي المحرقord 3len here9.41 km45%total21 km
- وادي السددord 3len here9.05 km94%total10 km
- وادي الصربord 4len here8.06 km33%total24 km
- وادي الرمضةord 1len here7.72 km61%total13 km
- وادي حثنord 2len here7.47 km65%total12 km
- وادي ام الحمىord 4len here5.57 km53%total11 km
- وادي الخبيتord 1len here4.99 km99%total5 km
- وادي اثالord 1len here3.44 km28%total12 km
- وادي ذات السرحord 2len here1.23 km44%total3 km
Live spatial overlap (cached after first hit) · HydroBASINS lev08 × HydroLAKES × HydroRIVERS v10
Human pressure
Pop. density
0hab/km²
Night light
2,4nW
Built-up
30,7%
Pesticides
55,5kg/km²
GHSL POP/Built 2020 · VIIRS lumière nocturne · PEST-CHEMGRIDS 2020 (Maggi et al.)
Protected areas1
IUCN V · 1
WDPA (World Database on Protected Areas) — UNEP-WCMC & IUCN