Ontologia

Province · tur

Kocaeli

Turkey

CsaTemperate, dry summer, hot summer(72 %)

Species observed

1 544

Observations

89 483

Area

4 040,2km²

Ecological tissue

Sample of 31 species (selected proportionally per kingdom among those with at least one documented interaction here) to keep the graph readable. Hover for details, click to explore the full ecosystem of a species.

ℹ️ The territory contains many more species than displayed and all their documented interactions: the graph is intentionally the structural skeleton (top-N species by composite local score, edges filtered by Serrano 2009 disparity filter α=0.2).

RègnesAnimalPlanteChampignonBacterie
RelationsPredationParasitismeSymbiosePollinisation
StatutEn dangerVulnérableProtégéeEndémique

Indicateurs du tissu écologique

Tissu écologique de Kocaeli : 25 espèces dont 1 patrimoniale (LR IUCN CR/EN/VU) reliées par 71 interactions GloBI sur 2 types (connectance 15.3%, filtre Serrano α=0.2). 6 bulles taxonomiques (cascade genre/famille GloBI, ≥3 espèces).

Espèces affichées
31
Interactions affichées
71
Connectance
0.153
Patrimoniales
1
Plus dense que (national)0 %(top 100%)

Comparaison sur la connectance du réseau local complet vs distribution nationale (toutes les communes françaises).

Species present

1 544 distinct species · 89 483 observations

Source: GBIF Occurrence snapshot 2026-05-01.

Densité d'observations

89 483 obs · 103 cellules
Obs. / cellule
≥ 12 776
1 130–12 775
183–1 129
72–182
< 72

Source : GBIF — observations agrégées par hexagones 0.027° × 0.027° (~22km), filtre précision coordonnée < 10 km. Fond carte : OpenFreeMap · © OpenStreetMap.

Climate

Mean T°

13,8°C

Annual rain

868mm

Warmest m°

26,8°C

Coldest m°

0,6°C

Elevation: 237 m on average (min -56 m, max 1 416 m)

Bioclimatic detailsExpert
Annual mean temp.
13,8°C
Annual rain
868mm
Warmest month
26,8°C
Coldest month
0,6°C
Mean alt.
237m
Min
-56m
Max
1 416m
Std. dev.
211m
Köppen-Geiger (dominant)
CsaTemperate, dry summer, hot summer(72 %)Temperate

CHELSA BIO 1-19 v2.1 · ETOPO DEM 60s · Köppen-Geiger 1991-2020 (Beck et al. 2018)

Soil & lithology

pH H₂O

6,9

Org. C

36,5g/kg

Clay

32,0%

Sand

29,0%

Silt

39,0%

Average over 0-30 cm. Per-depth details in expert panel.

3 soil depths detailedExpert
0–5 cm
pH H₂O
6,9
Org. C
62,6g/kg
Clay
31,4%
Sand
29,4%
Silt
39,2%
5–15 cm
pH H₂O
6,9
Org. C
26,5g/kg
Clay
31,3%
Sand
29,3%
Silt
39,3%
15–30 cm
pH H₂O
6,9
Org. C
20,2g/kg
Clay
33,2%
Sand
28,4%
Silt
38,4%

SoilGrids 250m (ISRIC, 2017) · GLiM v1.0 (Hartmann & Moosdorf 2012)

Land cover

Forest45.7%
Crops12.3%
Built-up1.8%
Bare soil0.9%
Other (grassland, water…)39.4%

Copernicus Global Land Cover 100m (Buchhorn et al. 2020)

Hydrology18 basins · 14 lakes · 27 rivers

Hydrology metrics for this exact territory

Stream length here

352,6km

Lake surface here

32,21km²

Basins crossed

18

Max stream order

4

Max drainage

58 748km²

Discharge in basins

37,8m³/s

Mean precip.

792mm/an

Mean T°

13,3°C

Moisture idx

-0,18

Max snow

11%

Mean runoff

350mm/an

Mean elev. (basins)

235m

Watersheds crossing here

9 more basins

Lakes (14, top by area)

5 more lakes

Rivers / streams (27, ord ≥ 4)

15 more river segments

Live spatial overlap (cached after first hit) · HydroBASINS lev08 × HydroLAKES × HydroRIVERS v10

Human pressure

Pop. density

4hab/km²

Night light

6,7nW

Built-up

176,5%

Pesticides

18,7kg/km²

GHSL POP/Built 2020 · VIIRS lumière nocturne · PEST-CHEMGRIDS 2020 (Maggi et al.)

Sub-administrations6