Makalu-Barun
IUCN IINational Park · 1991
1 388 km²
Subdivision · NPL
Khumjung
Nepal
ETPolar, tundra(82 %)
Species observed
1 031
Observations
11 375
Area
701,1km²
Ecological tissue
Sample of 30 species (selected proportionally per kingdom among those with at least one documented interaction here) to keep the graph readable. Hover for details, click to explore the full ecosystem of a species.
ℹ️ The territory contains many more species than displayed and all their documented interactions: the graph is intentionally the structural skeleton (top-N species by composite local score, edges filtered by Serrano 2009 disparity filter α=0.2).
RègnesAnimalPlanteChampignonBacterie
RelationsPredationParasitismeSymbiosePollinisation
StatutEn dangerVulnérableProtégéeEndémique
Indicateurs du tissu écologique
Tissu écologique de Khumjung : 18 espèces reliées par 45 interactions GloBI sur 3 types (connectance 7.6%, filtre Serrano α=0.2). 17 bulles taxonomiques (cascade genre/famille GloBI, ≥3 espèces).
Espèces affichées
35
Interactions affichées
45
Connectance
0.076
Patrimoniales
0
Plus dense que (national)0 %(top 100%)
Comparaison sur la connectance du réseau local complet vs distribution nationale (toutes les communes françaises).
Species present
1 031 distinct species · 11 375 observations
Source: GBIF Occurrence snapshot 2026-05-01.
Climate
Mean T°
-6,1°C
Annual rain
2 035mm
Warmest m°
4,6°C
Coldest m°
-22,4°C
Elevation: 5 276 m on average (min 3 044 m, max 8 157 m)
Bioclimatic details19 BIO + Köppen full + altitude statsExpert
Annual mean temp.
-6,1°C
Annual rain
2 035mm
Warmest month
4,6°C
Coldest month
-22,4°C
Mean alt.
5 276m
Min
3 044m
Max
8 157m
Std. dev.
737m
Köppen-Geiger (dominant)
ETPolar, tundra(82 %)Polar
CHELSA BIO 1-19 v2.1 · ETOPO DEM 60s · Köppen-Geiger 1991-2020 (Beck et al. 2018)
Soil & lithology
pH H₂O
6,8
Org. C
43,9g/kg
Clay
14,2%
Sand
54,6%
Silt
31,2%
Average over 0-30 cm. Per-depth details in expert panel.
Dominant lithology: ssGLiMaggregated to Sagarmatha
3 soil depths detailed0-5cm / 5-15cm / 15-30cm × 5 propsExpert
0–5 cm
pH H₂O
6,7
Org. C
58,4g/kg
Clay
13,7%
Sand
55,6%
Silt
30,7%
5–15 cm
pH H₂O
6,8
Org. C
43,2g/kg
Clay
14,3%
Sand
54,4%
Silt
31,3%
15–30 cm
pH H₂O
6,9
Org. C
30,2g/kg
Clay
14,5%
Sand
53,8%
Silt
31,7%
SoilGrids 250m (ISRIC, 2017) · GLiM v1.0 (Hartmann & Moosdorf 2012)
Land cover
Forest3.4%
Crops0.0%
Built-up0.0%
Bare soil31.5%
Other (grassland, water…)65.1%
Copernicus Global Land Cover 100m (Buchhorn et al. 2020)
Hydrology7 basins · 2 lakes · 4 rivers
Hydrology metrics for this exact territory
Stream length here
87,1km
Lake surface here
1,12km²
Basins crossed
7
Max stream order
5
Max drainage
2 406km²
Discharge in basins
26,8m³/s
Mean precip.
426mm/an
Mean T°
-3,1°C
Moisture idx
-0,28
Max snow
42%
Mean runoff
1 153mm/an
Mean elev. (basins)
5 296m
Watersheds crossing here
- Bassin de Dudh Koshisub-area726,6 km²overlap692.54 km²99%
- Bassin de Bhote Koshisub-area438,9 km²overlap2.91 km²0%
- Bassin de 扎嘎曲sub-area2 406,3 km²overlap2.33 km²0%
- Bassin de 甘玛藏布sub-area678,4 km²overlap1.25 km²0%
- Bassin de Hinku Drangkasub-area841,4 km²overlap1.15 km²0%
- Bassin de Hunku Drangkasub-area605,7 km²overlap0.59 km²0%
- Bassin de Barun Riversub-area452,8 km²overlap0.30 km²0%
Lakes (2, top by area)
Rivers / streams (4, ord ≥ 4)
Live spatial overlap (cached after first hit) · HydroBASINS lev08 × HydroLAKES × HydroRIVERS v10
Human pressure
Pop. density
0hab/km²
Night light
0,0nW
Built-up
2,0%
Pesticides
0,3kg/km²
GHSL POP/Built 2020 · VIIRS lumière nocturne · PEST-CHEMGRIDS 2020 (Maggi et al.)
Protected areas4
IUCN II · 2IUCN Not Applicable · 1IUCN VI · 1📍 Point sites · 1
Sagarmatha National Park
IUCN Not ApplicableWorld Heritage Site (natural or mixed) · 1979
1 140 km²
Sagarmatha
IUCN IINational Park · 1976
1 132 km²
Sagarmatha - Buffer Zone
IUCN VINational Park - Buffer Zone · 2002
344 km²
WDPA (World Database on Protected Areas) — UNEP-WCMC & IUCN