Ontologia

Province · tur

Istanbul

Turkey

CsaTemperate, dry summer, hot summer(100 %)

Species observed

3 861

Observations

300 135

Area

4 756,7km²

Ecological tissue

Sample of 32 species (selected proportionally per kingdom among those with at least one documented interaction here) to keep the graph readable. Hover for details, click to explore the full ecosystem of a species.

ℹ️ The territory contains many more species than displayed and all their documented interactions: the graph is intentionally the structural skeleton (top-N species by composite local score, edges filtered by Serrano 2009 disparity filter α=0.2).

RègnesAnimalPlanteChampignonBacterie
RelationsPredationParasitismeSymbiosePollinisation
StatutEn dangerVulnérableProtégéeEndémique

Indicateurs du tissu écologique

Tissu écologique de Istanbul : 27 espèces dont 1 patrimoniale (LR IUCN CR/EN/VU) reliées par 60 interactions GloBI sur 2 types (connectance 12.1%, filtre Serrano α=0.2). 5 bulles taxonomiques (cascade genre/famille GloBI, ≥3 espèces).

Espèces affichées
32
Interactions affichées
60
Connectance
0.121
Patrimoniales
1
Plus dense que (national)0 %(top 100%)

Comparaison sur la connectance du réseau local complet vs distribution nationale (toutes les communes françaises).

Species present

3 861 distinct species · 300 135 observations

Source: GBIF Occurrence snapshot 2026-05-01.

Densité d'observations

300 135 obs · 79 cellules
Obs. / cellule
≥ 39 874
15 296–39 873
1 562–15 295
751–1 561
< 751

Source : GBIF — observations agrégées par hexagones 0.027° × 0.027° (~22km), filtre précision coordonnée < 10 km. Fond carte : OpenFreeMap · © OpenStreetMap.

Climate

Mean T°

14,4°C

Annual rain

818mm

Warmest m°

26,4°C

Coldest m°

3,1°C

Elevation: 102 m on average (min -101 m, max 369 m)

Bioclimatic detailsExpert
Annual mean temp.
14,4°C
Annual rain
818mm
Warmest month
26,4°C
Coldest month
3,1°C
Mean alt.
102m
Min
-101m
Max
369m
Std. dev.
62m
Köppen-Geiger (dominant)
CsaTemperate, dry summer, hot summer(100 %)Temperate

CHELSA BIO 1-19 v2.1 · ETOPO DEM 60s · Köppen-Geiger 1991-2020 (Beck et al. 2018)

Soil & lithology

pH H₂O

6,8

Org. C

36,7g/kg

Clay

33,3%

Sand

27,2%

Silt

39,5%

Average over 0-30 cm. Per-depth details in expert panel.

3 soil depths detailedExpert
0–5 cm
pH H₂O
6,8
Org. C
61,3g/kg
Clay
31,6%
Sand
28,1%
Silt
40,3%
5–15 cm
pH H₂O
6,8
Org. C
27,8g/kg
Clay
32,8%
Sand
27,5%
Silt
39,7%
15–30 cm
pH H₂O
6,8
Org. C
20,9g/kg
Clay
35,4%
Sand
26,0%
Silt
38,6%

SoilGrids 250m (ISRIC, 2017) · GLiM v1.0 (Hartmann & Moosdorf 2012)

Land cover

Forest37.9%
Crops15.4%
Built-up3.7%
Bare soil1.4%
Other (grassland, water…)41.5%

Copernicus Global Land Cover 100m (Buchhorn et al. 2020)

Hydrology19 basins · 25 lakes · 62 rivers

Hydrology metrics for this exact territory

Stream length here

739,6km

Lake surface here

106,76km²

Basins crossed

19

Max stream order

4

Max drainage

2 977km²

Discharge in basins

53,2m³/s

Mean precip.

743mm/an

Mean T°

13,5°C

Moisture idx

-0,20

Max snow

10%

Mean runoff

377mm/an

Mean elev. (basins)

117m

Watersheds crossing here

10 more basins

Lakes (25, top by area)

16 more lakes

Rivers / streams (62, ord ≥ 4)

50 more river segments

Live spatial overlap (cached after first hit) · HydroBASINS lev08 × HydroLAKES × HydroRIVERS v10

Human pressure

Pop. density

19hab/km²

Night light

16,9nW

Built-up

371,3%

Pesticides

17,1kg/km²

GHSL POP/Built 2020 · VIIRS lumière nocturne · PEST-CHEMGRIDS 2020 (Maggi et al.)

Sub-administrations39