Barberton Makhonjwa Mountains
IUCN Not ApplicableWorld Heritage Site (natural or mixed) · 2018
1 131 km²
District · swz
Hhohho
Swaziland
CwbTemperate, dry winter, warm summer(45 %)
Species observed
5 044
Observations
103 043
Area
3 642,6km²
Ecological tissue
Sample of 14 species (selected proportionally per kingdom among those with at least one documented interaction here) to keep the graph readable. Hover for details, click to explore the full ecosystem of a species.
ℹ️ The territory contains many more species than displayed and all their documented interactions: the graph is intentionally the structural skeleton (top-N species by composite local score, edges filtered by Serrano 2009 disparity filter α=0.2).
RègnesAnimalPlanteChampignonBacterie
RelationsPredationParasitismeSymbiosePollinisation
StatutEn dangerVulnérableProtégéeEndémique
Indicateurs du tissu écologique
Tissu écologique de Hhohho : 13 espèces reliées par 9 interactions GloBI sur 3 types (connectance 9.9%, filtre Serrano α=0.2). 1 bulle taxonomique (cascade genre/famille GloBI, ≥3 espèces).
Espèces affichées
14
Interactions affichées
9
Connectance
0.099
Patrimoniales
0
Plus dense que (national)0 %(top 100%)
Comparaison sur la connectance du réseau local complet vs distribution nationale (toutes les communes françaises).
Species present
5 044 distinct species · 103 043 observations
Source: GBIF Occurrence snapshot 2026-05-01.
Climate
Mean T°
18,4°C
Annual rain
968mm
Warmest m°
26,4°C
Coldest m°
7,7°C
Elevation: 805 m on average (min 263 m, max 1 676 m)
Bioclimatic details19 BIO + Köppen full + altitude statsExpert
Annual mean temp.
18,4°C
Annual rain
968mm
Warmest month
26,4°C
Coldest month
7,7°C
Mean alt.
805m
Min
263m
Max
1 676m
Std. dev.
356m
Köppen-Geiger (dominant)
CwbTemperate, dry winter, warm summer(45 %)Temperate
CHELSA BIO 1-19 v2.1 · ETOPO DEM 60s · Köppen-Geiger 1991-2020 (Beck et al. 2018)
Soil & lithology
pH H₂O
5,6
Org. C
22,1g/kg
Clay
35,6%
Sand
43,7%
Silt
20,8%
Average over 0-30 cm. Per-depth details in expert panel.
3 soil depths detailed0-5cm / 5-15cm / 15-30cm × 5 propsExpert
0–5 cm
pH H₂O
5,6
Org. C
29,1g/kg
Clay
34,1%
Sand
44,5%
Silt
21,4%
5–15 cm
pH H₂O
5,6
Org. C
21,8g/kg
Clay
34,6%
Sand
44,6%
Silt
20,8%
15–30 cm
pH H₂O
5,6
Org. C
15,3g/kg
Clay
38,0%
Sand
42,0%
Silt
20,0%
SoilGrids 250m (ISRIC, 2017) · GLiM v1.0 (Hartmann & Moosdorf 2012)
Land cover
Forest29.3%
Crops24.2%
Built-up1.0%
Bare soil0.8%
Other (grassland, water…)44.7%
Copernicus Global Land Cover 100m (Buchhorn et al. 2020)
Hydrology12 basins · 5 lakes · 13 rivers
Hydrology metrics for this exact territory
Stream length here
523,0km
Lake surface here
21,76km²
Basins crossed
12
Max stream order
4
Max drainage
8 822km²
Discharge in basins
130,0m³/s
Mean precip.
1 045mm/an
Mean T°
19,3°C
Moisture idx
-0,26
Mean runoff
205mm/an
Mean elev. (basins)
745m
Watersheds crossing here
- Bassin de Komati Riversub-area1 069,5 km²overlap1063.02 km²29%
- Bassin de Mbuluzi Riversub-area1 251 km²overlap634.20 km²17%
- Bassin de Lomati Riversub-area1 487,5 km²overlap558.84 km²15%
- Bassin de Lusushwanasub-area1 406,2 km²overlap550.37 km²15%
- Bassin de Komati Riversub-area1 108,5 km²overlap228.57 km²6%
- Bassin de Komati Riversub-area208,6 km²overlap208.20 km²6%
- Bassin de Komati Riversub-area205,2 km²overlap204.84 km²6%
- Bassin de Komati Riversub-area144,9 km²overlap144.60 km²4%
- Bassin de Mlondozisub-area203,7 km²overlap31.21 km²1%
Lakes (5, top by area)
Rivers / streams (13, ord ≥ 4)
- Komati Riverord 4len here188.09 km26%total724 km
- Mbuluzi Riverord 3len here139.51 km78%total178 km
- Dubekeni Riverord 3len here68.42 km95%total72 km
- Nyonyaneord 4len here26.84 km100%total27 km
- Lusushwanaord 5len here23.85 km21%total114 km
- Phophonyane Riverord 1len here19.07 km100%total19 km
- Mbabane Riverord 2len here15.46 km100%total15 km
- Mhlataneord 1len here11.85 km100%total12 km
- Nkhomazanaord 1len here8.74 km100%total9 km
- Malolotja Riverord 1len here7.74 km100%total8 km
- Meleteord 1len here7.19 km100%total7 km
- Lupohlo-Ezulwini Hydroelectric Power Tunnelord 3len here5.53 km100%total6 km
1 more river segmentssorted by Strahler order + length
Live spatial overlap (cached after first hit) · HydroBASINS lev08 × HydroLAKES × HydroRIVERS v10
Human pressure
Pop. density
1hab/km²
Night light
0,5nW
Built-up
96,4%
Pesticides
15,2kg/km²
GHSL POP/Built 2020 · VIIRS lumière nocturne · PEST-CHEMGRIDS 2020 (Maggi et al.)
Protected areas10
IUCN Not Reported · 4IUCN II · 3IUCN Not Applicable · 2IUCN IV · 1
Songimvelo Game Reserve
IUCN Not ReportedNature Reserve · 1983
553 km²
Malalotja Nature Reserve
IUCN IINature Reserve · 1972
163 km²
Mlilwane Wildlife Sanctuary
IUCN IINature Reserve · 1963
46 km²
Mantenga Nature Reserve
IUCN IINature Reserve · 1994
7 km²
Lomati
IUCN Not ReportedNature Reserve · 2015
7 km²
Complete list10 protected areas
- Barberton Makhonjwa MountainsWorld Heritage Site (natural or mixed)IUCN Not Applicable20181 131 km²
- Songimvelo Game ReserveNature ReserveIUCN Not Reported1983553 km²
- Malalotja Nature ReserveNature ReserveIUCN II1972163 km²
- Mlilwane Wildlife SanctuaryNature ReserveIUCN II196346 km²
- Mantenga Nature ReserveNature ReserveIUCN II19947 km²
- LomatiNature ReserveIUCN Not Reported20157 km²
- LubuyaneNature ReserveIUCN Not Reported19724 km²
- Hawane Dam and Nature ReserveWetland of International Importance (Ramsar Site)IUCN Not Reported20132 km²
- PhophonyaneNature ReserveIUCN IV20151 km²
- MgogodlaOECMIUCN Not Applicable20201 km²
WDPA (World Database on Protected Areas) — UNEP-WCMC & IUCN
Sub-administrations14
- HhukwiniConstituency
- LobambaConstituency
- MadlangempisiConstituency
- MayiwaneConstituency
- Mbabane EastConstituency
- Mbabane WestConstituency
- MhlangataneConstituency
- MotjaneConstituency
- MphalaleniConstituency
- NdzingeniConstituency
- NkhabaConstituency
- NtfonjeniConstituency
- Pigg's PeakConstituency
- TimpisiniConstituency