Makalu-Barun
IUCN IINational Park · 1991
1 388 km²
Subdivision · NPL
Chheskam
Nepal
ETPolar, tundra(64 %)
Species observed
175
Observations
415
Area
414,2km²
Ecological tissue
Sample of 16 species (selected proportionally per kingdom among those with at least one documented interaction here) to keep the graph readable. Hover for details, click to explore the full ecosystem of a species.
ℹ️ The territory contains many more species than displayed and all their documented interactions: the graph is intentionally the structural skeleton (top-N species by composite local score, edges filtered by Serrano 2009 disparity filter α=0.2).
RègnesAnimalPlanteChampignonBacterie
RelationsPredationParasitismeSymbiosePollinisation
StatutEn dangerVulnérableProtégéeEndémique
Indicateurs du tissu écologique
Tissu écologique de Chheskam : 15 espèces dont 1 patrimoniale (LR IUCN CR/EN/VU) reliées par 12 interactions GloBI sur 2 types (connectance 10.0%, filtre Serrano α=0.2). 1 bulle taxonomique (cascade genre/famille GloBI, ≥3 espèces).
Espèces affichées
16
Interactions affichées
12
Connectance
0.100
Patrimoniales
1
Plus dense que (national)0 %(top 100%)
Comparaison sur la connectance du réseau local complet vs distribution nationale (toutes les communes françaises).
Species present
175 distinct species · 415 observations
Source: GBIF Occurrence snapshot 2026-05-01.
Climate
Mean T°
-2,0°C
Annual rain
2 984mm
Warmest m°
8,9°C
Coldest m°
-20,5°C
Elevation: 4 462 m on average (min 1 576 m, max 6 545 m)
Bioclimatic details19 BIO + Köppen full + altitude statsExpert
Annual mean temp.
-2,0°C
Annual rain
2 984mm
Warmest month
8,9°C
Coldest month
-20,5°C
Mean alt.
4 462m
Min
1 576m
Max
6 545m
Std. dev.
1 173m
Köppen-Geiger (dominant)
ETPolar, tundra(64 %)Polar
CHELSA BIO 1-19 v2.1 · ETOPO DEM 60s · Köppen-Geiger 1991-2020 (Beck et al. 2018)
Soil & lithology
pH H₂O
6,3
Org. C
49,0g/kg
Clay
16,8%
Sand
53,5%
Silt
29,7%
Average over 0-30 cm. Per-depth details in expert panel.
Dominant lithology: ssGLiMaggregated to Sagarmatha
3 soil depths detailed0-5cm / 5-15cm / 15-30cm × 5 propsExpert
0–5 cm
pH H₂O
6,2
Org. C
63,9g/kg
Clay
16,6%
Sand
53,8%
Silt
29,6%
5–15 cm
pH H₂O
6,3
Org. C
50,4g/kg
Clay
16,7%
Sand
53,5%
Silt
29,8%
15–30 cm
pH H₂O
6,3
Org. C
32,6g/kg
Clay
17,0%
Sand
53,3%
Silt
29,7%
SoilGrids 250m (ISRIC, 2017) · GLiM v1.0 (Hartmann & Moosdorf 2012)
Land cover
Forest23.9%
Crops1.1%
Built-up0.0%
Bare soil24.9%
Other (grassland, water…)50.2%
Copernicus Global Land Cover 100m (Buchhorn et al. 2020)
Hydrology6 basins · 1 lakes · 5 rivers
Hydrology metrics for this exact territory
Stream length here
99,8km
Lake surface here
0,05km²
Basins crossed
6
Max stream order
3
Max drainage
27 054km²
Discharge in basins
20,9m³/s
Mean precip.
1 264mm/an
Mean T°
4,8°C
Moisture idx
0,14
Max snow
42%
Mean runoff
1 344mm/an
Mean elev. (basins)
3 737m
Watersheds crossing here
- Bassin de Hunku Drangkasub-area605,7 km²overlap382.56 km²92%
- Bassin de Hinku Drangkasub-area841,4 km²overlap20.86 km²5%
- Bassin de Lunsun Kholasub-area356,1 km²overlap6.47 km²2%
- Bassin de अरुण नदीsub-area1 127 km²overlap2.87 km²1%
- Bassin de Dudh Koshisub-area726,6 km²overlap1.03 km²0%
- Bassin de Barun Riversub-area452,8 km²overlap0.38 km²0%
Lakes (1, top by area)
Rivers / streams (5, ord ≥ 4)
Live spatial overlap (cached after first hit) · HydroBASINS lev08 × HydroLAKES × HydroRIVERS v10
Human pressure
Pop. density
0hab/km²
Night light
0,0nW
Built-up
2,9%
Pesticides
0,6kg/km²
GHSL POP/Built 2020 · VIIRS lumière nocturne · PEST-CHEMGRIDS 2020 (Maggi et al.)
Protected areas5
IUCN II · 2IUCN VI · 2IUCN Not Applicable · 1
Sagarmatha National Park
IUCN Not ApplicableWorld Heritage Site (natural or mixed) · 1979
1 140 km²
Sagarmatha
IUCN IINational Park · 1976
1 132 km²
Makalu-Barun - Buffer Zone
IUCN VINational Park - Buffer Zone · 1999
780 km²
Sagarmatha - Buffer Zone
IUCN VINational Park - Buffer Zone · 2002
344 km²
WDPA (World Database on Protected Areas) — UNEP-WCMC & IUCN