Narcissus viridiflorus

In Spain, grazing, urbanization and road infrastructures have been identified as threats to this species (Commission of the European Communities 2009, Bilz 2011). In North Africa, only a few of the known sites are urbanized and therefore, major threats are unlikely (M. Chambouleyron pers. comm. 2017). In the long term, if the road network grows, potential urban development projects could pose a threat in Morocco (M. Chambouleyron pers. comm. 2017). Specimen collection is possibly an important threat in Morocco where the species is not legally protected, however, the extent of this impact has not been recorded yet (H. Rankou pers. comm. 2014).

This species is present in several protected areas in Morocco and Spain (Protected Planet 2017). In Morocco, it occurs in the Bokkoyas National Park and Jbel Bouhachem Natural Park (M. Chambouleyron pers. comm. 2017). In Spain, all but one of the recorded subpopulations occur within the Parque Natural de los Alcornocales (Protected Planet 2017, Bilz 2011).

The plant is listed on Annex II of the European Habitat Directive (EEC 1992) and under Appendix I of the Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats (Council of Europe 1979). It is included in the Regional Catalogue of Threatened Wild Flora Species of Andalucía as a 'Vulnerable' species (Cabezudo et al. 2005). It is listed as VU B1ab(i,ii,iii,iv,v)+2ab(i,ii,iii,iv,v) in the Spanish Red List of Vascular Flora (Moreno 2008). The species was listed as Data Deficient at the European level (Bilz 2011).

The following actions are recommended to protect the species and its habitats:

• Ex situ conservation: artificial propagation, reintroduction, and the establishment of seed collections.
• Monitoring and surveillance of the existing populations and sites.
• Estimation of population sizes and study of their dynamics, trends, biology and ecology.
• Protection of living individuals of the species through legislation and legal protection which ban the species being picked or dug up in North Africa
• Enforcement of existing legal protection measures in North Africa.
• Organization of pastoralists and establishment of a rotation system for pasture to reduce overgrazing, trampling and the pressure on the species in North Africa.
• In the Spanish sites outside the protected area, maintenance works on firewalls must be developed with care.