Narcisse triandre

The species is present in several protected areas, e.g. the Cabañeros National Park (under the name N. triandrus subsp. pallidulus) or the Sierra de Gredos Regional Park in Spain (IUCN and UNEP-WCMC 2017). Outside the Mediterranean region, it is important to remark that most of the French subpopulation occurs in protected areas and is subject to a species recovery plan.

This plant is included in the Annexes II and IV of the Habitat Directive (EEC 1992) and categorized as Least Concern (LC) in the IUCN European Red List (Caldas et al. 2011, Bilz et al. 2011). The species is legally protected at national level in Spain (Moreno 2008), Portugal (Ministério do Ambiente e do Ordenamento do Territorio 2005), France (Danton and Baffray1995) and Malta (Government of Malta 2006). It is also protected under regional legislation in Andalucía (BOJA 2012) and the Basque Country (Aizpuru et al. 2010).

It is subject of ex situ conservation strategies, particularly seeds are stored for long-term conservation at the Botanical Garden Torretes, Research Institute CIBIO-University of Alicante (Spain) and in the Museu Nacional d'História Natural Seed Bank in Lisbon (Portugal), and an active living collection in managed at the Botanical Garden Torretes. As a complementary strategy for ex situ conservation, a stock of in vitro cultures was established, with a good rate of bulb multiplication achieved (Juan Vicedo et al. 2015).