Dafodill

The population and habitats are inferred to be declining due to habitat fragmentation and deterioration as a result of urban and tourism development, as well as infrastructure development. Overgrazing, trampling, random cutting, deforestation and irregular fires increase soil erosion and are highly frequent and strong in the Atlas Mountains. More generally, the species is threatened by specimen collection, agricultural intensification, water pollution and the decline of wetlands due to long periods of drought and climate change (Barbero et al. 1990, Blondel and Aronson 1999, Benabid 2002, RBOSM 2008, Blondel and Medail 2009, Plan Bleu 2009, Taleb and Fennane 2011).

The species is not known to be present in protected areas (IUCN and UNEP-WCMC 2017) and no conservation measures are in place. The following conservation actions are recommended:

• Site protection from habitat loss and fragmentation, deforestation, random cutting and overgrazing, including protected areas designation to ensure the complete regeneration of the species, its ecosystems, and to restore the quality of wild environments.
• Site management through fencing vulnerable sites to protect the species from collection and trampling, and limiting the extension of agriculture development closer to the species´ known range.
• Species management through initiatives such as sympathetic management of isolated populations and ex-situ conservation initiatives (artificial propagation, re-introduction and seed collections).
• Legal protection of the species and enforcement through collection or digging up bans, its inclusion in the list of protected species of Morocco, and legislation (e.g., to protect and the enhance the environment and carry out studies of impact).
• Promotion and implementation of agro-ecological practices within communities: pastoral and silvo-pastoral improvement (e.g. development of water points for livestock), organization of pastoralists and establishment of a rotation system for pasture to reduce overgrazing, trampling and the pressure on the species and grazing time restriction by exclusions; creation of collective sites and establishment and management of natural sanctuaries though identification and censusing the number of livestock and installation of a traditional pastoral system (not a rotation) named "Agdel" with limiting the number of livestock on the basis of the previous census.
• Education measures to raise public awareness: identify priorities though the protection and improvement of local practices and knowledge of traditional practices, motivation and initiation of the production of biological quality products.
• Additional research to estimate population sizes and study their dynamics, trends, biology and ecology, as well as the links between ecosystem function and species demography. Monitoring and surveillance of the existing populations and sites. Delimitate the forest conservation status and public spaces with a fast procedure based on negotiation between the forest administration (Haut Commissariat aux Eaux et Forêts), users and rights holders.
• Support socio-economic development and improvement of livelihoods for rural populations: establishment of an environmental educational program (including staff training, institutional strengthening and development of local human resources), promotion of participative approaches with communities and local people for the implementation of the conservation actions, and development of ecotourism with special focus to provide work opportunities for local people.