Ontologia

Chlorophytum staudtii

Nordal

ENLR Monde (IUCN)
Pays · région · aire protégée · écorégion · biome

Graphe en cours d’indexation

Calcul du tissu écologique de Chlorophytum staudtii.

Le graphe apparaîtra automatiquement dès que le calcul est terminé (rafraîchissement toutes les 5s).

Liste rouge IUCN

EN · En dangercritères B2ab(ii,iii)?Inconnue
Évaluation complète
Évaluation
2021 · v3.1
Altitude
6001540 m
Profondeur
m
État de la populationExpert
This species is relatively rare (Onana 2013).

Menaces identifiées(7 menaces classées CMP-IUCN)

  • 2_1_1
    Shifting agriculture
    Rapid DeclinesMajority (50-90%)Ongoing
  • 2_1_2
    Small-holder farming
    Rapid DeclinesUnknownOngoing
  • 3_2
    Mining & quarrying
    Rapid DeclinesMajority (50-90%)Ongoing
  • 2_3_2
    Small-holder grazing, ranching or farming
    UnknownMajority (50-90%)Ongoing
  • 5_3_3
    Unintentional effects: (subsistence/small scale) [harvest]
    UnknownMinority (<50%)Ongoing
  • 7_1_1
    Increase in fire frequency/intensity
    UnknownMajority (50-90%)Ongoing
  • 1_1
    Housing & urban areas
    Very Rapid DeclinesMinority (<50%)Ongoing
Description complète des menacesExpert

Most of the collections of this species have been made on inselbergs to the west of Yaounde, the capital city of Cameroon. Inselbergs are under increasing pressure with human activities impacting inselberg communities both directly, and indirectly through the modification of surrounding habitat (Porembski and Barthlott 2000, Burke 2003). Yaounde has been expanding rapidly as its population increases, and this will be putting increasing pressure on this species’ habitat (Nkwemoh et al. 2017, Nkwemoh and Tchindjang 2018, Google Earth 2020). The growing population has led to an increasing demand for food, and consequently an increase in the conversion of land for agriculture in and around the city (Nkwemoh et al. 2017, Nkwemoh and Tchindjang 2018, Google Earth 2020). There has been significant urban expansion in the N'kolbisson area: the region is now dominated by human settlement and agriculture, and these can be seen encroaching onto the inselbergs (Google Earth 2020). Additionally, a major threat to inselbergs is from the extraction of rocks for infrastructure and development (Onana and Cheek 2011). Inselbergs are formed of granite, a major component of concrete and tarmac, and so are frequently exploited for infrastructure projects (Couch et al. 2019). This species, which grows on rocks, is likely to be particularly vulnerable to this threat. Fires represent another threat to inselberg vegetation, with fires intentionally lit for hunting or amusement or accidentally spreading from slash and burn cultivation (Porembski and Barthlott 2000, Burke 2003). Logging may also pose a threat, with trees felled to be used locally for fuelwood, charcoal, construction, and furniture (Nkwemoh et al. 2017).


In Nigeria, this species has been found in the Adamawa State at Vogel Peak, where habitat has been deteriorating (Hall 1971, Adanu et al. 2011). The area has been heavily cultivated, particularly with yams, by slash and burn farmers (Hall 1971, Adanu et al. 2011). Additionally, Vogel Peak is used extensively for livestock rearing and, alongside overgrazing, annual burning and erosion may pose a threat to this species (Hall 1971, Adanu et al. 2011).


In the Democratic Republic of the Congo, this species has been found at Kinlongo (Kongo Central Province), Kikwanza (Kwango Province), and Kana (Kasaï-Central Province). The species has been found three times around Kinlongo in the Congo Central Province, a region which has faced deforestation and habitat degradation due to anthropogenic activities (Lugangu et al. 2018). Slash and burn agriculture is practiced in the area, mainly to produce food crops (Lugangu et al. 2018). However, the proximity of this site to Kinshasa is also driving the trade of crops to feed the city’s growing population (Lugangu et al. 2018). The demand for firewood and charcoal in Kinshasa is also driving wood extraction across the Kongo Central Province (Lugangu et al. 2018). Additionally, livestock rearing is practiced in the area and both forest and savannah areas are reported to be burned annually (Lugangu et al. 2018, Marivoet et al. 2018). Finally, this collection site is also near to mining concessions (Global Forest Watch 2020).
The second site in the Democratic Republic of the Congo is at Kikwanza in the Kwango Province. Slash and burn agriculture represents a threat in this area and in 1986, it was reported that 80% of the rural population of the Kwango-Kwilu area were involved in farming (Fresco 1986, Marivoet et al. 2018). Farming is mainly to produce food crops, but some cash crops including tobacco, coffee, maize, oil palm have also been grown in the area (Fresco 1986). Although livestock rearing was previously practiced in Kwango, animal husbandry has now been virtually abandoned in the area (Fresco 1986, Marivoet et al. 2018). Forests in the area are also reported to be declining due to frequent burning (Fresco 1986). Additionally, the collection site is situated near to mining concessions (Global Forest Watch 2020). 

The final site for this species at Kana in the Kasaï-Central Province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Both subsistence farming and livestock rearing are important activities in the Kasaï-Central Province and likely pose a threat at this site (Marivoet et al. 2018). Additionally, the collection site is situated near to a mining concession (Global Forest Watch 2020).

Habitats préférentiels (classification IUCN)

  • 1_6Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland
  • 2_1Savanna - Dry
  • 6Rocky areas (eg. inland cliffs, mountain peaks)
Mesures de conservation recommandéesExpert

There are currently no known ex situ conservation sites for this species (BGCI 2020) and it is not known to occur within any protected areas (UNEP-WCMC and IUCN 2020). Further research is needed into this species' current distribution and, since its most recent collection was in 1984, its known sites should be revisited to confirm its current presence (Onana and Cheek 2011). Additionally, basic population data should be gathered as a baseline for future monitoring. Research is also needed into its regeneration potential and density so that its management needs can be assessed (Onana and Cheek 2011).

Actions de conservation (3)Expert
  • 1_1Site/area protection
  • 2_1Site/area management
  • 3_4_1Captive breeding/artificial propagation
Stress écologiques (21)Expert
  • 1_1Ecosystem conversion
  • 1_1Ecosystem conversion
  • 1_1Ecosystem conversion
  • 1_1Ecosystem conversion
  • 1_1Ecosystem conversion
  • 1_1Ecosystem conversion
  • 1_1Ecosystem conversion
  • 1_2Ecosystem degradation
  • 1_2Ecosystem degradation
  • 1_2Ecosystem degradation
  • 1_2Ecosystem degradation
  • 1_2Ecosystem degradation
  • 1_2Ecosystem degradation
  • 1_2Ecosystem degradation
  • 2_1Species mortality
  • 2_1Species mortality
  • 2_1Species mortality
  • 2_1Species mortality
  • 2_1Species mortality
  • 2_1Species mortality
  • 2_1Species mortality
Priorités de recherche (4)Expert
  • 1_1Taxonomy
  • 1_2Population size, distribution & trends
  • 1_3Life history & ecology
  • 3_1Population trends
Niche IUCN globaleExpert

Royaumes biogéographiques

Afrotropical

Systèmes (terrestre/eau douce/marin)

Terrestrial

Formes de croissance

Forb or Herb
Références bibliographiques (21)Expert
  1. IUCN. 2021. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2021-2. Available at: <a href="www.iucnredlist.org">www.iucnredlist.org</a>. (Accessed: 04 September 2021).
  2. Global Forest Watch. 2020. Interactive Forest Change Mapping Tool. Available at: <a href="http://www.globalforestwatch.org/">http://www.globalforestwatch.org/</a>.
  3. GBIF. 2020. GBIF | Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Available at: <a href="https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/search?taxon_key=7286785">https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/search?taxon_key=7286785</a>. (Accessed: 16th, Jan., 2020).
  4. UNEP-WCMC and IUCN. 2020. Protected Planet: The World Database on Protected Areas (WDPA) / The Global Database on Protected Areas Management Effectiveness (GD-PAME)] [On-line]. Cambridge, UK: UNEP-WCMC and IUCN. Available at: <a href="https://www.protectedplanet.net/">https://www.protectedplanet.net/</a>.
  5. Couch, C., Cheek, M., Haba, P., Molmou, D., Williams, J., Magassouba, S., Doumbouya, S. and Diallo, M.Y. 2019. <i>Threatened Habitats and Tropical Important Plant Areas (TIPAs) of Guinea, West Africa</i>. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, London.
  6. Google Earth. 2019. Satellite Imagery. Available at: <a href="https://earth.google.com/web/">https://earth.google.com/web/</a>.
  7. Lugangu, M.H., Kunyima, C.K., Kamalandua, L.B., and Komanda, J.A. 2018. La problématique des espaces ruraux non intégrés: Une approche géo-sociale des territoires de Kasangulu, Kimvula et Madimba, dans la province du Kongo Central, en République Démocratique du Congo. <i>International Journal of Innovation and Applied Studies</i> 24(3): 1209-1219.
  8. BGCI. 2018. Botanic Gardens Conservation International (BGCI) - Plant Search. Available at: <a href="https://www.bgci.org/plant_search.php">https://www.bgci.org/plant_search.php</a>.
  9. Nkwemoh, C.A. and Tchindjang, M. 2018. Urban sprawl and agriculture : A case study of the Yaounde metropolis (Cameroon). <i>Revue Scientifique et Technique Forêt et Environnement du Bassin du Congo</i> 10: 45-58.
  10. Marivoet, W., Ulimwengu, J., and El Vilaly, M.A.S. 2018. Understanding The Democratic Republic Of The Congo’s Agricultural Paradox: Based on the eAtlas Data Platform. ReSAKSS, Addis Ababa.
  11. Nkwemoh, C.A., Tchindjang, M. and Afungang, R.N. 2017. The Impact of Urbanization on the Vegetation of Yaoundé, (Cameroon) . <i>International Journal of Innovative Research & Development</i> 6(5): 6-18.
  12. Onana, J.-M. 2013. <i>Synopsis des espèces végétales vasculaires endémiques et rares du Cameroun. Check-liste pour la conservation de la biodiversité</i>. Ministère de la Recherche Scientifique et de l'Innovation (MINRESI), Yaoundé, Cameroon.
  13. Meerts, P. and Bjorå, C.S. 2012. Synopsis of the genus <i>Chlorophytum</i> (Asparagaceae) in Central Africa (Democratic Republic of the Congo, Rwanda, Burundi). <i>Plant Ecology and Evolution</i> 145(3): 373–409.
  14. Adanu J., Sommer V., and Fowler A. 2011. Hunters, Fire, Cattle: Conservation Challenges in Eastern Nigeria, with Special Reference to Chimpanzees. In: Sommer V. and Ross C. (eds), <i>Primates of Gashaka. Developments in Primatology: Progress and Prospects</i>, Springer, New York, NY.
  15. Onana, J.M. and Cheek, M. 2011. <i>Red Data Book of the Flowering Plants of Cameroon: IUCN Global Assessments</i>. Kew Publishing, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, UK.
  16. Bachman, S., Moat, J., Hill, A.W., de la Torre, J. and Scott, B. 2011. Supporting Red List threat assessments with GeoCAT: geospatial conservation assessment tool. In: V. Smith and L. Penev (eds) e-Infrastructures for data publishing in biodiversity science. <i>Zookeys</i> 150: 117–126.
  17. Burke, A. 2003. Inselbergs in a changing world — global trends. <i>Diversity and Distributions</i> 9: 375–383.
  18. Olson, D.M., Dinerstein, E., Wikramanayake, E.D., Burgess, N.D., Powell, G.V.N., Underwood, E.C., D'Amico, J.A., Itoua, I., Strand, H.E., Morrison, J.C., Loucks, C.J., Allnutt, T.F., Ricketts, T.H., Kura, Y., Lamoreux, J.F., Wettengel, W.W., Hedao, P. and Kassem, K.R. 2001. Terrestrial ecoregions of the world: a new map of life on earth. <i>Bioscience</i> 51: 933-938.
  19. Porembski, S. and Barthlott, W. (eds.). 2000. <i>Inselbergs: Biotic Diversity of Isolated Rock Outcrops in Tropical and Temperate Regions</i>. Springer Science & Business Media.
  20. Fresco, L.O. 1986. Cassava in shifting cultivation: a systems approach to agricultural technology development in Africa. Wageningen University.
  21. Hall, J.B. 1971. Environment and vegetation on Nigeria's highlands. <i>Vegetatio</i> 23(5/6): 339–359.
Évaluateurs & contributeurs (4)Expert
assessor
Lovell, R. & Cheek, M.
contributor
Whittaker, A.
evaluator
Onana, J.-M.
facilitators
Williams, E.

Lovell, R. & Cheek, M. 2021. Chlorophytum staudtii. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021: e.T110095675A110095844. Accessed on 05 May 2026.

Répartition mondiale (heatmap GBIF)Construction en cours

0 obs · 0 cellules
Construction par partitions temporelles GBIF0%

Source : GBIF — observations agrégées par hexagones 0.2° × 0.2° (~22km). Filtre qualité : précision coordonnée < 10 km. Coloration quantile (q50/70/90/99). Fond carte : OpenFreeMap · © OpenStreetMap.

Distribution mondiale

Calcul de la distribution GBIF· ~10–60 s

Phénologie

Calcul du calendrier d'apparition· ~5–30 s

Consulter sur les bases externes

Observations & statuts

Bibliographie

Note nomenclaturale & synonymesExpert

Note nomenclaturale

TAXREF v18 — INPN/MNHN

Synonymes (1)— redirigent vers cette page

  • Anthericum zenkeriEngl.

Sources : Catalogue of Life Cross-References (synonymes) · TAXREF v18 INPN/MNHN (commentaires FR).