Asparagaceae

Diversité décrite (Catalogue of Life)

Statut de conservation IUCN (parmi les espèces évaluées)

• LC
  253 (50.0%)
• EN
  88 (17.4%)
• VU
  77 (15.2%)
• CR
  34 (6.7%)
• DD
  34 (6.7%)
• NT
  17 (3.4%)
• EW
  2 (0.4%)
• EX
  1 (0.2%)

Distribution biogéographique

• Turkey6 esp.
• +Angola5 esp.
• South Africa (Northern Prov.)4 esp.
• China (Guangxi)4 esp.
• Swedennative3 esp.
• Vietnam3 esp.
• +D.R.Congo [Zaire]2 esp.
• South Africa (N-Cape Prov.)2 esp.
• Iran2 esp.
• Mexico (Veracruz)2 esp.
• Swedenuncertain2 esp.
• China (Yunnan)1 esp.
• +S-Zimbabwe1 esp.
• D.R.Congo [Zaire]1 esp.
• China (Guizhou)1 esp.
• Distribution and ecology The species is known only from the high plateau of the Itremo Massif, growing among metamorphic rocks such as quartzite or cipolin, at an altitude of 1600 metres. It occurs in open habitats, such as sparselywooded meadows, often in stony ground, where it has been noted as frequent.1 esp.
• +Mozambique1 esp.
• +Central African Republic1 esp.
• Distribution and ecology The single known collection of this species was made in the northeast of Madagascar, at the edge of the Baie de Rigny, in a sparsely populated dry forest on loose, unconsolidated sands, at a very low altitude.1 esp.
• Central African Republic; ?Chad; South Sudan1 esp.
• Distribution and ecology The only known population of this species was found in the vicinity of Loky-Manambato in northeast Madagascar, within Bekaroaka forest, at an altitude of 200 metres. It grows in the understory of a dense dry forest, alongside tall emergent trees. It is present at the bottom of the slope on a poorly developed soil consisting of fine rubble derived from the underlying granite.1 esp.
• Distribution and ecology The sole population known for the species is in the Solaniampilana forest at approximately 130 m above sea level, in northeastern Madagascar within the Paysage Harmonieux de Loky Manambato (category 5 protected area, see Lowry et al. 2018) in the region known as Daraina (see Fig. 19). It occurs in the understory of a dense, medium-sized sclerophyllous forest, dominated by a few emergent trees, on ferric and humus-rich soil, between numerous granite slabs. This plateau forest is interlaced with areas of more humid riparian forest. For a map showing the only known locality of C. aspidistrifolium sp. nov. see Fig. 19.1 esp.
• Distribution and ecology The only known collection of this species is from the Réserve spéciale d’Ankarana [Ankarana Special Reserve] in the North of Madagascar. It occurs in the understory of dry deciduous forest, specifically growing in limestone scree, containing conspicuous large blocks of limestone, with pockets of smaller pieces and humic soil.1 esp.
• Distribution and ecology This species has only been found in the north-eastern Madagascar, near the town of Daraina, in Binara forest, which forms part of the Loky-Manambato protected area, at an altitude of 630 m on a secondary ridge covered with dense, semi-deciduous, and somewhat sclerophyllous forest, near the edge of the secondary grassland. The substrate consists of compact or fragmented granites, resulting in poorly developed soils. We note here that the forests near Daraina are exceptionally rich in Chlorophytum, many of which are strictly endemic to the area, as far as is currently known. These include five new species described in this treatment, which are only known from Daraina, as well a new subspecies of C. sofiense – a poorly-known species, known otherwise from a single collection made over 100 years ago from a site further to the south. Daraina also harbours the typical form of the widespread C. chloranthum (see Fig. 19). This species richness can perhaps be explained by the intensity of the botanical inventories carried out over the last 5 years as part of the programmes conducted at Loky-Manambato, that have generated more than 54 000 records of plant occurrences in the 10 main forest areas of the region (Nusbaumer, pers. com.).1 esp.
• Distribution and ecology This species is known only from the Loky-Manambato Region in northeastern Madagascar, specifically from the Binara forest. The forest is characterised as dense, semi-deciduous, with many fallen trees and emergents. The collection was made at an altitude of 360 metres, at the base of the slope. The plant grows on a soil, sometimes very shallow, formed from the erosion of a granitic substrate, more or less fragmented, mixed with a layer of humus.1 esp.
• Distribution and habitat. Oita Prefecture, Japan (endemic). This species grows on rock cliffs in the southern part of the Oita Prefecture on the main island of Kyushu.1 esp.
• Distribution and habitat. Primarily in moist, deciduous, bamboo forests and broad-leaved forests, 150 – 1000 meters; documented on the slopes of Dabieshan Mountains, in Anhui and Henan Provinces.1 esp.
• Distribution: — Currently known only from Ba Be National Park, northern part of Thai Nguyen Province (formerly Bac Kan Province), NE Vietnam. Taxonomic relationships: — Having basal, fasciculate broad leaf blades with a conspicuous petiole, Ophiopogon rugosus is referable to Ophiopogon sect. Peliosanthoides F. T. Wang & L. K. Dai in Wang & Tang (1978: 251) or to Ophiopogon ser. Peliosanthoides (F. T. Wang & L. K. Dai) H. Li & Y. P. Yang in Yang & Li (1990: 81). Many of the species of this section or series are concentratedly distributed in SW China (Wang & Tang 1978) and NE Indochina (Rodriguez 1929, 1934, Tanaka 1999, Averyanov et al. 2020). These regions may hence be deemed at least as the current center or cradle of the diversification of this plant group. Ophiopogon rugosus is clearly distinguishable from all other members of the genus by its leaf blades wrinkled rather regularly in vertical and horizontal arrays on the adaxial surface. This unique trait of foliar rugosity appears strongly related to the distinctly tesselate veins of the blades. Its evolutionary or adaptive significance is, however, unknown. Apart from this trait, the new species can also be distinguished by several other respects. Just to avoid repetition, we omit to further mention the same trait (adaxially wrinkled blades of O. rugosus) in the below comparisons with similar species of the above section or series.1 esp.
• Distribution: — Litanthus deserticola is only known from the type locality, near Pockenbank, ca. 60 km S of Aus on C 13 (Fig. 3), therefore being endemic to the Namibian flora. A second population of Litanthus was found at Farm Namuskloof near Rosh Pinah (MMA 1594) (Fig. 6) in similar habitats, fitting vegetative and fruiting morphology. Flowering material (including a flower dissection) is necessary for confirmation of this second population and is the aim of our current research based on cultivated plants. The very small size of the new species, its fugacious flowering time together with its hysteranthous behaviour, assist its cryptic appearance and may explain it being overlooked until now. Even when the species is found in flower in habitat, the most important diagnostic characters are only discernible when the tiny flowers of ca. 4 mm long are dissected to reveal filaments morphology and disposition, and the species may have been easily confused with the more widespread L. pusillus. No citations of Litanthus appears to have been made in Namibia so far (Craven 1999, Klaassen & Kwembeya 2013), therefore this representing the first record of the genus for the Namibian flora. The taxonomic revision of Litanthus by Manning et al. (2013) presented a distribution map for L. pusillus, where the species is widely spread in southern and eastern South Africa and southern Zimbabwe, but only one disjunct locality is cited from arid regions in the northern areas of the Northern Cape Province of South Africa (Aggenys, Gamsberg, P. Desmet 3071 NBG!) (see Fig. 2 in Manning et al. 2013). The study of this herbarium collection shows a bulb with a single filiform leaf, an inflorescence with a single flower and a peduncle with a capsule. The flower at dry stage is ca. 4 mm long with a tubular shape and constricted around the middle, and anthers are located in the apical third of the flower, which would fit with L. pusillus but also L. deserticola at dry stage. It is necessary to study the morphology and shape of the filaments with a dissection of the flower from the herbarium collection or from fresh material collected from that locality to elucidate whether it is conspecific to L. deserticola. By now, we prefer considering this collection as unidentified, until further data are gathered for clarification. It is probable that L. deserticola occurs in other regions of southern Namibia and the northern territories of NW South Africa with similar habitats and climate and probably went unnoticed until now due to its cryptic appearance. Our recent collections from Naib se Berge (MMA 2050, ABH) and from Dabenoris Mountains (MMA 2079, ABH) in northwestern South Africa resemble L. deserticola at vegetative stage. Flowering material is necessary to properly identify those latter collections and is focus of our current research. Further studies are needed to ascertain its distribution range and possible threats. Diagnostic characters and taxonomic relationships: — Litanthus deserticola resembles L. pusillus in the general characters of the genus, such as the usually 1 - flowered inflorescence; two subopposite spurred bracts; nodding flowers with tepals connate into a long tube; stamens included with and elongation of the anther connective into a small, translucent, membranous flap; and stigma with six minute, erect teeth (Fig. 1). However, L. deserticola differs by the hysteranthous leaves (vs. commonly synanthous), the urceolate corolla (vs. tubular and constricted around the middle), the filaments being shortly adnate to the corolla for 0.5 mm, and arising around the basal quarter of the tube, ovate-lanceolate, flattened, 2 ‒ 2.3 mm long, distinctly longer than anthers (vs. linear, ca. 0.5 mm long, arising along the apical third of tube and being much shorter than anthers), and its occurrence in desertic regions of southern Namibia (vs. in aseasonal or summer rainfall regions in southern and eastern South Africa and southern Zimbabwe). Litanthus stenocarpus differs from the new species by the longer and tubular flowers 6 ‒ 7 mm long (vs. shorter and urceolate, 3.5 ‒ 4.2 mm long), with tepals cream-coloured showing a distinct brownish longitudinal central band on each tepal along their whole length (vs. white, with a greenish longitudinal central band only visible along the distal half), the filaments linear, 0.5 ‒ 0.7 mm long, adnate to the perigone and inserted at the distal quarter of tube, much shorter than anthers (vs. ovate-lanceolate, flattened, 2 ‒ 2.3 mm long, shortly adnate to the perigone for 0.5 mm, and arising around the basal quarter of tube, distinctly longer than anthers), the ovary about as long as the style (vs. distinctly shorter) and the cylindrical-prismatic, strongly bicoloured capsules (vs. subglobose and uniformly brownish coloured) (Fig. 2) (Manning et al. 2013).1 esp.
• Baleares (Ibiza); Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Cyprus; Lebanon1 esp.

Régions biogéographiques agrégées depuis Catalogue of Life Cross-References (distribution par espèce déclarative).

Profil de traits agrégé

• try_leaf_type346 esp.
  broadleaved343

  needleleaved3
• try_woodiness298 esp.
  non-woody224

  woody43

  non-woody/woody31
• try_growth_form298 esp.
  herb224

  herb/shrub31

  shrub29
• try_photosynthetic_pathway269 esp.
  C3235

  CAM32

  C3/CAM2
• try_leaf_compoundness161 esp.
  simple161
• griis_is_invasive_somewhere149 esp.
  true149
• griis_country_global_register_of_introduced_and_invasi146 esp.
  Alien108

  alien12

  introduced (alien, exotic, non-native, nonindigenous)12
• griis_isInvasive144 esp.
  Null116

  null17

  Invasive7
• eive_m_position121 esp.
  0.38à5.950-10

  moy 3.35
• eive_t_position121 esp.
  1.32à9.100-10

  moy 5.82
• fungalroot_source120 esp.
  10.1890/11-1749.1__Akhmetzhanova, A. A., Soudzilovskaia, N. A., Onipchenko, V. G., Cornwell, W. K., Agafonov, V. A., Selivanov, I. A., & Cornelissen, J. H. (2012). A rediscovered treasure: mycorrhizal intensity database for 3000 vascular plant species across the former Soviet Union. Ecology, 93(3), 689-690.25

  __Maeda, M. (1954). The meaning of mycorrhiza in regard to systematic botany. Kumamoto J. Sci. Ser. B., 3, 57-84.12

  __Allsopp, N. (1993). Mycorrhizal status of plants in the Cape floristic Region, South Africa.��Bothalia,��23, 91-104.11
• fungalroot_mycorrhiza_type120 esp.
  AM99

  non-mycorrhizal15

  Other6

Traits agrégés sur les espèces du taxon (matview taxon_traits_best : WoRMS, FishBase, EBird, GBIF, EOL, TRY…).

Taxons enfants directs (177)

• Acanthocarpus
• Famille Agavaceae
• Genre Agave258
• Genre Albuca199
• Genre Alrawia2
• Genre Androstephium3
• Genre Anemarrhena2
• Famille Anemarrhenaceae
• Famille Anthericaceae
• Genre Anthericum19
• Famille Aphyllanthaceae
• Genre Aphyllanthes1
• Genre Arthropodium16
• Genre Asparagus228
• Genre Aspidistra258
• Famille Aspidistraceae
• Autonoe
• Barnardia
• Genre Beaucarnea14
• Genre Behnia4
• Famille Behniaceae
• Genre Behria2
• Bellevalia
• Genre Beschorneria10