iSimangaliso Marine Protected Area
IUCN Not ReportedMarine Protected Area · 2019
10 711 km²
District Municipality · ZAF
Uthungulu
South Africa
CfaTemperate, no dry season, hot summer(61 %)
Species observed
9 047
Observations
384 168
Area
8 194,3km²
Ecological tissue
Sample of 14 species (selected proportionally per kingdom among those with at least one documented interaction here) to keep the graph readable. Hover for details, click to explore the full ecosystem of a species.
ℹ️ The territory contains many more species than displayed and all their documented interactions: the graph is intentionally the structural skeleton (top-N species by composite local score, edges filtered by Serrano 2009 disparity filter α=0.2).
RègnesAnimalPlanteChampignonBacterie
RelationsPredationParasitismeSymbiosePollinisation
StatutEn dangerVulnérableProtégéeEndémique
Indicateurs du tissu écologique
Tissu écologique de Uthungulu : 12 espèces dont 1 patrimoniale (LR IUCN CR/EN/VU) reliées par 12 interactions GloBI sur 3 types (connectance 13.2%, filtre Serrano α=0.2). 2 bulles taxonomiques (cascade genre/famille GloBI, ≥3 espèces).
Espèces affichées
14
Interactions affichées
12
Connectance
0.132
Patrimoniales
1
Plus dense que (national)0 %(top 100%)
Comparaison sur la connectance du réseau local complet vs distribution nationale (toutes les communes françaises).
Species present
9 047 distinct species · 384 168 observations
Source: GBIF Occurrence snapshot 2026-05-01.
Climate
Mean T°
20,0°C
Annual rain
1 026mm
Warmest m°
28,0°C
Coldest m°
10,5°C
Elevation: 429 m on average (min -98 m, max 1 650 m)
Bioclimatic details19 BIO + Köppen full + altitude statsExpert
Annual mean temp.
20,0°C
Annual rain
1 026mm
Warmest month
28,0°C
Coldest month
10,5°C
Mean alt.
429m
Min
-98m
Max
1 650m
Std. dev.
376m
Köppen-Geiger (dominant)
CfaTemperate, no dry season, hot summer(61 %)Temperate
CHELSA BIO 1-19 v2.1 · ETOPO DEM 60s · Köppen-Geiger 1991-2020 (Beck et al. 2018)
Soil & lithology
pH H₂O
5,8
Org. C
25,1g/kg
Clay
30,1%
Sand
52,4%
Silt
17,5%
Average over 0-30 cm. Per-depth details in expert panel.
Dominant lithology: ssGLiM
3 soil depths detailed0-5cm / 5-15cm / 15-30cm × 5 propsExpert
0–5 cm
pH H₂O
5,8
Org. C
34,1g/kg
Clay
28,6%
Sand
53,4%
Silt
18,1%
5–15 cm
pH H₂O
5,8
Org. C
24,4g/kg
Clay
29,1%
Sand
53,4%
Silt
17,5%
15–30 cm
pH H₂O
5,8
Org. C
17,0g/kg
Clay
32,7%
Sand
50,4%
Silt
16,9%
SoilGrids 250m (ISRIC, 2017) · GLiM v1.0 (Hartmann & Moosdorf 2012)
Land cover
Forest27.3%
Crops27.0%
Built-up1.2%
Bare soil1.4%
Other (grassland, water…)43.1%
Copernicus Global Land Cover 100m (Buchhorn et al. 2020)
Hydrology18 basins · 23 lakes · 31 rivers
Hydrology metrics for this exact territory
Stream length here
918,3km
Lake surface here
37,40km²
Basins crossed
18
Max stream order
6
Max drainage
29 196km²
Discharge in basins
248,8m³/s
Mean precip.
965mm/an
Mean T°
19,9°C
Moisture idx
-0,29
Mean runoff
301mm/an
Mean elev. (basins)
430m
Watersheds crossing here
- Bassin de Matigulusub-area1 622,2 km²overlap1262.01 km²15%
- Bassin de Okulasub-area835,6 km²overlap834.47 km²10%
- Bassin de Mhlatuzesub-area893,2 km²overlap764.76 km²9%
- Bassin de Nsuzesub-area812 km²overlap754.57 km²9%
- Bassin de Mfolozi Riversub-area1 199,3 km²overlap676.55 km²8%
- Bassin de Mfulesub-area633,3 km²overlap632.43 km²8%
- Bassin de Mhlatuzesub-area529,7 km²overlap529.00 km²6%
- Bassin de White Mfolozi Riversub-area1 506,8 km²overlap526.93 km²6%
- Bassin de Tugela Riversub-area1 366,7 km²overlap503.68 km²6%
9 more basinssorted by overlap
- Bassin de Tugela Riversub-area954,8 km²overlap442.59 km²5%
- Basin #12950sub-area395,5 km²overlap370.14 km²5%
- Bassin de Mhlatuzesub-area274,5 km²overlap274.14 km²3%
- Basin #27050sub-area177,5 km²overlap177.30 km²2%
- Bassin de Mhlatuzesub-area146,2 km²overlap145.98 km²2%
- Bassin de Mhatuze Riversub-area142,3 km²overlap142.09 km²2%
- Bassin de Buffalo Riversub-area1 844,2 km²overlap114.27 km²1%
- Bassin de Mhatuze Riversub-area31,6 km²overlap31.52 km²0%
- Bassin de Mpembenisub-area386,4 km²overlap11.84 km²0%
Lakes (23, top by area)
- Lake Phobanearea10,7 km²avg depth29.4 m
- Mzingaziarea10,2 km²avg depth5.6 m
- Nhlabanearea4,8 km²avg depth3.1 m
- Cubhuarea4 km²avg depth4.6 m
- Tezaarea2 km²avg depth3.9 m
- Nhlabanearea1,2 km²avg depth4.5 m
- Lac 1421398area0,7 km²avg depth3.2 m
- Lac 1421374area0,6 km²avg depth2.6 m
- Lac 1421151area0,6 km²avg depth3.2 m
14 more lakes
- Lac 1421425area0,5 km²avg depth4.2 m
- Lac 1421179area0,2 km²avg depth5.6 m
- Lac 1421377area0,2 km²avg depth1.6 m
- Lac 1421486area0,2 km²avg depth3.5 m
- Lac 1421264area0,2 km²avg depth6.0 m
- Lac 1421348area0,2 km²avg depth3.0 m
- Lac 1421211area0,2 km²avg depth3.5 m
- Lac 1421450area0,1 km²avg depth4.4 m
- Lac 1421678area0,1 km²avg depth2.4 m
- Lac 1421116area0,1 km²avg depth2.4 m
- Lac 1421125area0,1 km²avg depth3.6 m
- Lac 1421436area0,1 km²avg depth3.2 m
- Lac 1421381area0,1 km²avg depth2.9 m
- Lac 1421435area0,1 km²avg depth2.4 m
Rivers / streams (31, ord ≥ 4)
- Mhlatuzeord 4len here243.99 km93%total263 km
- Nsuzeord 3len here129.69 km100%total130 km
- Tugela Riverord 6len here122.53 km18%total689 km
- Matiguluord 3len here77.69 km68%total113 km
- White Mfolozi Riverord 5len here41.10 km10%total408 km
- Mhatuze Riverord 4len here40.76 km100%total41 km
- Mfuleord 3len here34.97 km100%total35 km
- Mfongosiord 2len here28.27 km100%total28 km
- Munywanaord 3len here26.27 km89%total30 km
- Msunduziord 2len here20.63 km74%total28 km
- Mambaord 2len here14.18 km100%total14 km
- Mfolozi Riverord 5len here13.78 km12%total116 km
19 more river segmentssorted by Strahler order + length
- Nyawushaneord 1len here12.17 km100%total12 km
- Mpangeniord 1len here12.04 km100%total12 km
- Damuziniord 2len here12.01 km100%total12 km
- Okulaord 2len here11.66 km100%total12 km
- Manziniord 1len here10.87 km100%total11 km
- uMngwenyaord 1len here9.89 km100%total10 km
- Nkwalinyeord 2len here7.21 km100%total7 km
- Buffalo Riverord 5len here7.17 km2%total445 km
- Masunjwaneniord 1len here7.02 km100%total7 km
- Mpushiniord 1len here6.76 km100%total7 km
- KwaMayayeniord 2len here5.85 km100%total6 km
- Madidimaord 1len here5.46 km97%total6 km
- Mkonoord 2len here5.06 km100%total5 km
- Ntombokaziord 1len here4.16 km100%total4 km
- Dangoord 1len here3.17 km100%total3 km
- KwaMazulaord 1len here2.46 km100%total2 km
- Nyezaneord 3len here0.89 km14%total7 km
- Nhlungwaneord 2len here0.55 km2%total36 km
- Gologodoord 1len here≈ tangenttotal11 km
Live spatial overlap (cached after first hit) · HydroBASINS lev08 × HydroLAKES × HydroRIVERS v10
Human pressure
Pop. density
1hab/km²
Night light
0,8nW
Built-up
118,3%
Pesticides
20,5kg/km²
GHSL POP/Built 2020 · VIIRS lumière nocturne · PEST-CHEMGRIDS 2020 (Maggi et al.)
Protected areas32
IUCN Not Reported · 31IUCN Not Applicable · 1🌊 Marine · 5
uThukela Marine Protected Area
IUCN Not ReportedMarine Protected Area · 2019
4 099 km²
iSimangaliso Wetland Park – Maputo National Park
IUCN Not ApplicableWorld Heritage Site (natural or mixed) · 1999
3 977 km²
Hluhluwe – iMfolozi Park
IUCN Not ReportedNature Reserve · 2012
895 km²
Umfolozi Game Reserve
IUCN Not ReportedNature Reserve · 1930
445 km²
Emakhosini Ophathe Heritage Park
IUCN Not ReportedNature Reserve · 2006
111 km²
Complete list32 protected areas
- iSimangaliso Marine Protected AreaMarine Protected AreaIUCN Not Reported201910 711 km²
- uThukela Marine Protected AreaMarine Protected AreaIUCN Not Reported20194 099 km²
- iSimangaliso Wetland Park – Maputo National ParkWorld Heritage Site (natural or mixed)IUCN Not Applicable19993 977 km²
- Hluhluwe – iMfolozi ParkNature ReserveIUCN Not Reported2012895 km²
- Umfolozi Game ReserveNature ReserveIUCN Not Reported1930445 km²
- Emakhosini Ophathe Heritage ParkNature ReserveIUCN Not Reported2006111 km²
- Ophathe Game ReserveNature ReserveIUCN Not Reported199188 km²
- Ngoye Forest ReserveNature ReserveIUCN Not Reported199239 km²
- Obuka Community Nature ReserveNature ReserveIUCN Not Reported201425 km²
- Emakhosini Heritage ParkNature ReserveIUCN Not Reported200624 km²
- Qudeni Forest ReserveNature ReserveIUCN Not Reported199224 km²
- Nkandla Forest ReserveNature ReserveIUCN Not Reported199222 km²
- Somopho Community Nature ReserveNature ReserveIUCN Not Reported201422 km²
- Umlalazi Nature ReserveNature ReserveIUCN Not Reported194815 km²
- Richards Bay Game ReserveNature ReserveIUCN Not Reported193513 km²
- Maphelane Nature ReserveForest Nature ReserveIUCN Not Reported198411 km²
- Umgavusa Protected EnvironmentProtected EnvironmentIUCN Not Reported202310 km²
- Mome Nature ReserveNature ReserveIUCN Not Reported19928 km²
- Entumeni Nature ReserveNature ReserveIUCN Not Reported19706 km²
- Vungwinl Nature ReserveNature ReserveIUCN Not Reported19924 km²
- Mndunduzeli Nature ReserveNature ReserveIUCN Not Reported19924 km²
- Enseleni Nature ReserveNature ReserveIUCN Not Reported19483 km²
- Lake Eteza Nature ReserveNature ReserveIUCN Not Reported19763 km²
- Dlinza Nature Reserve ANature ReserveIUCN Not Reported20122 km²
- Hlinza Forest Nature ReserveNature ReserveIUCN Not Reported19522 km²
- Dhlabe Nature ReserveNature ReserveIUCN Not Reported20191 km²
- Impeleshu Forest ReserveNature ReserveIUCN Not Reported19921 km²
- Edodweni Nature ReserveNature ReserveIUCN Not Reported19921 km²
- Sibudeni Nature ReserveNature ReserveIUCN Not Reported19921 km²
- Dengwini Forest ReserveNature ReserveIUCN Not Reported19921 km²
- Dlinza Nature Reserve BNature ReserveIUCN Not Reported20121 km²
- Ezigwayini Forest ReserveNature ReserveIUCN Not Reported19920 km²
WDPA (World Database on Protected Areas) — UNEP-WCMC & IUCN