Ontologia

District Municipality · ZAF

Umgungundlovu

South Africa

CwbTemperate, dry winter, warm summer(58 %)

Species observed

10 056

Observations

1 358 959

Area

9 512,9km²

Ecological tissue

Sample of 19 species (selected proportionally per kingdom among those with at least one documented interaction here) to keep the graph readable. Hover for details, click to explore the full ecosystem of a species.

ℹ️ The territory contains many more species than displayed and all their documented interactions: the graph is intentionally the structural skeleton (top-N species by composite local score, edges filtered by Serrano 2009 disparity filter α=0.2).

RègnesAnimalPlanteChampignonBacterie
RelationsPredationParasitismeSymbiosePollinisation
StatutEn dangerVulnérableProtégéeEndémique

Indicateurs du tissu écologique

Tissu écologique de Umgungundlovu : 17 espèces reliées par 15 interactions GloBI sur 3 types (connectance 8.8%, filtre Serrano α=0.2). 2 bulles taxonomiques (cascade genre/famille GloBI, ≥3 espèces).

Espèces affichées
19
Interactions affichées
15
Connectance
0.088
Patrimoniales
0
Plus dense que (national)0 %(top 100%)

Comparaison sur la connectance du réseau local complet vs distribution nationale (toutes les communes françaises).

Species present

10 056 distinct species · 1 358 959 observations

Source: GBIF Occurrence snapshot 2026-05-01.

Densité d'observations

1 358 959 obs · 245 cellules
Obs. / cellule
≥ 103 429
16 144–103 428
2 589–16 143
1 131–2 588
< 1 131

Source : GBIF — observations agrégées par hexagones 0.027° × 0.027° (~22km), filtre précision coordonnée < 10 km. Fond carte : OpenFreeMap · © OpenStreetMap.

Climate

Mean T°

15,7°C

Annual rain

906mm

Warmest m°

24,5°C

Coldest m°

4,1°C

Elevation: 1 172 m on average (min 108 m, max 3 224 m)

Bioclimatic detailsExpert
Annual mean temp.
15,7°C
Annual rain
906mm
Warmest month
24,5°C
Coldest month
4,1°C
Mean alt.
1 172m
Min
108m
Max
3 224m
Std. dev.
425m
Köppen-Geiger (dominant)
CwbTemperate, dry winter, warm summer(58 %)Temperate

CHELSA BIO 1-19 v2.1 · ETOPO DEM 60s · Köppen-Geiger 1991-2020 (Beck et al. 2018)

Soil & lithology

pH H₂O

5,8

Org. C

25,7g/kg

Clay

36,7%

Sand

37,0%

Silt

26,3%

Average over 0-30 cm. Per-depth details in expert panel.

Dominant lithology: ssGLiM

3 soil depths detailedExpert
0–5 cm
pH H₂O
5,8
Org. C
34,1g/kg
Clay
35,3%
Sand
37,9%
Silt
26,8%
5–15 cm
pH H₂O
5,8
Org. C
25,0g/kg
Clay
35,9%
Sand
37,5%
Silt
26,6%
15–30 cm
pH H₂O
5,8
Org. C
17,9g/kg
Clay
38,8%
Sand
35,6%
Silt
25,6%

SoilGrids 250m (ISRIC, 2017) · GLiM v1.0 (Hartmann & Moosdorf 2012)

Land cover

Forest25.6%
Crops20.9%
Built-up1.0%
Bare soil1.2%
Other (grassland, water…)51.3%

Copernicus Global Land Cover 100m (Buchhorn et al. 2020)

Hydrology26 basins · 50 lakes · 63 rivers

Hydrology metrics for this exact territory

Stream length here

1 566,8km

Lake surface here

52,42km²

Basins crossed

26

Max stream order

4

Max drainage

13 083km²

Discharge in basins

101,6m³/s

Mean precip.

902mm/an

Mean T°

16,0°C

Moisture idx

-0,31

Mean runoff

188mm/an

Mean elev. (basins)

1 115m

Watersheds crossing here

17 more basins

Lakes (50, top by area)

41 more lakes

Rivers / streams (63, ord ≥ 4)

51 more river segments

Live spatial overlap (cached after first hit) · HydroBASINS lev08 × HydroLAKES × HydroRIVERS v10

Human pressure

Pop. density

1hab/km²

Night light

0,6nW

Built-up

96,4%

Pesticides

20,0kg/km²

GHSL POP/Built 2020 · VIIRS lumière nocturne · PEST-CHEMGRIDS 2020 (Maggi et al.)

Protected areas51

IUCN Not Reported · 48IUCN Not Applicable · 1IUCN II · 1IUCN IV · 1
Complete list

WDPA (World Database on Protected Areas) — UNEP-WCMC & IUCN

Sub-administrations7