Western Ghats
IUCN Not ApplicableWorld Heritage Site (natural or mixed) · 2012
8 115 km²
Commune · IND
Udagamandalam
India
CwbTemperate, dry winter, warm summer(70 %)
Species observed
1 991
Observations
222 527
Area
1 191,3km²
Ecological tissue
Sample of 24 species (selected proportionally per kingdom among those with at least one documented interaction here) to keep the graph readable. Hover for details, click to explore the full ecosystem of a species.
ℹ️ The territory contains many more species than displayed and all their documented interactions: the graph is intentionally the structural skeleton (top-N species by composite local score, edges filtered by Serrano 2009 disparity filter α=0.2).
RègnesAnimalPlanteChampignonBacterie
RelationsPredationParasitismeSymbiosePollinisation
StatutEn dangerVulnérableProtégéeEndémique
Indicateurs du tissu écologique
Tissu écologique de Udagamandalam : 18 espèces dont 2 patrimoniales (LR IUCN CR/EN/VU) reliées par 28 interactions GloBI sur 3 types (connectance 10.1%, filtre Serrano α=0.2). 6 bulles taxonomiques (cascade genre/famille GloBI, ≥3 espèces).
Espèces affichées
24
Interactions affichées
28
Connectance
0.101
Patrimoniales
2
Plus dense que (national)0 %(top 100%)
Comparaison sur la connectance du réseau local complet vs distribution nationale (toutes les communes françaises).
Species present
1 991 distinct species · 222 527 observations
Source: GBIF Occurrence snapshot 2026-05-01.
Climate
Mean T°
17,2°C
Annual rain
1 732mm
Warmest m°
25,1°C
Coldest m°
9,3°C
Elevation: 1 745 m on average (min 436 m, max 2 451 m)
Bioclimatic details19 BIO + Köppen full + altitude statsExpert
Annual mean temp.
17,2°C
Annual rain
1 732mm
Warmest month
25,1°C
Coldest month
9,3°C
Mean alt.
1 745m
Min
436m
Max
2 451m
Std. dev.
538m
Köppen-Geiger (dominant)
CwbTemperate, dry winter, warm summer(70 %)Temperate
CHELSA BIO 1-19 v2.1 · ETOPO DEM 60s · Köppen-Geiger 1991-2020 (Beck et al. 2018)
Soil & lithology
pH H₂O
5,9
Org. C
37,6g/kg
Clay
32,5%
Sand
36,2%
Silt
31,4%
Average over 0-30 cm. Per-depth details in expert panel.
Dominant lithology: mtGLiMaggregated to The Nilgiris
3 soil depths detailed0-5cm / 5-15cm / 15-30cm × 5 propsExpert
0–5 cm
pH H₂O
5,9
Org. C
49,0g/kg
Clay
30,4%
Sand
37,4%
Silt
32,2%
5–15 cm
pH H₂O
5,9
Org. C
36,2g/kg
Clay
31,9%
Sand
36,5%
Silt
31,6%
15–30 cm
pH H₂O
5,9
Org. C
27,6g/kg
Clay
35,2%
Sand
34,6%
Silt
30,2%
SoilGrids 250m (ISRIC, 2017) · GLiM v1.0 (Hartmann & Moosdorf 2012)
Land cover
Forest54.4%
Crops4.3%
Built-up0.6%
Bare soil1.6%
Other (grassland, water…)39.1%
Copernicus Global Land Cover 100m (Buchhorn et al. 2020)
Hydrology9 basins · 10 lakes · 8 rivers
Hydrology metrics for this exact territory
Stream length here
111,6km
Lake surface here
20,44km²
Basins crossed
9
Max stream order
3
Max drainage
2 379km²
Discharge in basins
14,8m³/s
Mean precip.
1 498mm/an
Mean T°
20,3°C
Moisture idx
0,01
Mean runoff
499mm/an
Mean elev. (basins)
1 290m
Watersheds crossing here
- Bassin de Moyarsub-area1 716,4 km²overlap722.66 km²61%
- Bassin de Bhavanisub-area296,3 km²overlap233.46 km²20%
- Bassin de Bhavanisub-area409,9 km²overlap123.89 km²10%
- Bassin de Pandipuzhasub-area336,3 km²overlap42.73 km²4%
- Bassin de Punnappuzha (പുന്നപ്പുഴ)sub-area473,1 km²overlap35.78 km²3%
- Bassin de Bhavanisub-area1 268,6 km²overlap19.99 km²2%
- Bassin de Kuthirapuzhasub-area277,6 km²overlap7.05 km²1%
- Bassin de Kunthisub-area1 030,9 km²overlap3.67 km²0%
- Bassin de MS 137sub-area59,5 km²overlap2.02 km²0%
Lakes (10, top by area)
- Lake #79664area3,5 km²avg depth28.8 m
- Pykara reservoirarea3,5 km²avg depth25.2 m
- Avalanchi reservoirarea3,1 km²avg depth50.0 m
- Lake #79643area2,7 km²avg depth22.2 m
- Avalanchi reservoirarea2,2 km²avg depth69.9 m
- Lake #79640area2,1 km²avg depth24.4 m
- Sandynulla Lakearea1,9 km²avg depth9.7 m
- Lac 1401461area0,9 km²avg depth7.2 m
- Lac 1401350area0,4 km²avg depth6.6 m
1 more lakes
Rivers / streams (8, ord ≥ 4)
- Doddabetta Odaiord 3len here42.52 km93%total46 km
- Moyarord 5len here34.61 km21%total166 km
- Pykaraord 2len here13.82 km100%total14 km
- Bhavaniord 5len here11.51 km3%total361 km
- sandynallahord 1len here6.49 km100%total7 km
- Streamord 3len here1.59 km4%total37 km
- Punnappuzha (പുന്നപ്പുഴ)ord 3len here0.88 km1%total69 km
- Kuthirapuzhaord 3len here0.14 km0%total42 km
Live spatial overlap (cached after first hit) · HydroBASINS lev08 × HydroLAKES × HydroRIVERS v10
Human pressure
Pop. density
2hab/km²
Night light
0,5nW
Built-up
57,4%
Pesticides
4,2kg/km²
GHSL POP/Built 2020 · VIIRS lumière nocturne · PEST-CHEMGRIDS 2020 (Maggi et al.)
Protected areas1
IUCN Not Applicable · 1
WDPA (World Database on Protected Areas) — UNEP-WCMC & IUCN