Ontologia

Town|Municipal · SRB

Topola

Serbia

CfaTemperate, no dry season, hot summer(78 %)

Species observed

438

Observations

1 107

Area

353,9km²

Ecological tissue

Sample of 37 species (selected proportionally per kingdom among those with at least one documented interaction here) to keep the graph readable. Hover for details, click to explore the full ecosystem of a species.

ℹ️ The territory contains many more species than displayed and all their documented interactions: the graph is intentionally the structural skeleton (top-N species by composite local score, edges filtered by Serrano 2009 disparity filter α=0.2).

RègnesAnimalPlanteChampignonBacterie
RelationsPredationParasitismeSymbiosePollinisation
StatutEn dangerVulnérableProtégéeEndémique

Indicateurs du tissu écologique

Tissu écologique de Topola : 27 espèces reliées par 108 interactions GloBI sur 6 types (connectance 16.2%, filtre Serrano α=0.2). 10 bulles taxonomiques (cascade genre/famille GloBI, ≥3 espèces).

Espèces affichées
37
Interactions affichées
108
Connectance
0.162
Patrimoniales
0
Plus dense que (national)0 %(top 100%)

Comparaison sur la connectance du réseau local complet vs distribution nationale (toutes les communes françaises).

Species present

438 distinct species · 1 107 observations

Source: GBIF Occurrence snapshot 2026-05-01.

Densité d'observations

1 107 obs · 9 cellules
Obs. / cellule
≥ 368
368–367
207–367
43–206
< 43

Source : GBIF — observations agrégées par hexagones 0.027° × 0.027° (~22km), filtre précision coordonnée < 10 km. Fond carte : OpenFreeMap · © OpenStreetMap.

Climate

Mean T°

11,4°C

Annual rain

712mm

Warmest m°

26,4°C

Coldest m°

-3,6°C

Elevation: 318 m on average (min 143 m, max 920 m)

Bioclimatic detailsExpert
Annual mean temp.
11,4°C
Annual rain
712mm
Warmest month
26,4°C
Coldest month
-3,6°C
Mean alt.
318m
Min
143m
Max
920m
Std. dev.
165m
Köppen-Geiger (dominant)
CfaTemperate, no dry season, hot summer(78 %)Temperate

CHELSA BIO 1-19 v2.1 · ETOPO DEM 60s · Köppen-Geiger 1991-2020 (Beck et al. 2018)

Soil & lithology

pH H₂O

6,2

Org. C

28,0g/kg

Clay

34,9%

Sand

25,6%

Silt

39,5%

Average over 0-30 cm. Per-depth details in expert panel.

Dominant lithology: scGLiM

3 soil depths detailedExpert
0–5 cm
pH H₂O
6,2
Org. C
46,7g/kg
Clay
34,2%
Sand
26,4%
Silt
39,3%
5–15 cm
pH H₂O
6,2
Org. C
21,7g/kg
Clay
35,1%
Sand
25,8%
Silt
39,1%
15–30 cm
pH H₂O
6,2
Org. C
15,5g/kg
Clay
35,4%
Sand
24,7%
Silt
39,9%

SoilGrids 250m (ISRIC, 2017) · GLiM v1.0 (Hartmann & Moosdorf 2012)

Land cover

Forest36.8%
Crops31.9%
Built-up0.7%
Bare soil0.9%
Other (grassland, water…)29.8%

Copernicus Global Land Cover 100m (Buchhorn et al. 2020)

Hydrology4 basins · 0 lakes · 5 rivers

Hydrology metrics for this exact territory

Stream length here

77,0km

Basins crossed

4

Max stream order

3

Max drainage

35 467km²

Discharge in basins

13,8m³/s

Mean precip.

717mm/an

Mean T°

11,0°C

Moisture idx

-0,24

Max snow

11%

Mean runoff

152mm/an

Mean elev. (basins)

239m

Watersheds crossing here

Live spatial overlap (cached after first hit) · HydroBASINS lev08 × HydroLAKES × HydroRIVERS v10

Human pressure

Pop. density

0hab/km²

Night light

1,6nW

Built-up

71,9%

Pesticides

20,6kg/km²

GHSL POP/Built 2020 · VIIRS lumière nocturne · PEST-CHEMGRIDS 2020 (Maggi et al.)

Protected areas3

IUCN V · 1IUCN III · 1IUCN Not Reported · 1

Planina Rudnik

IUCN V

Landscape of Outstanding Qualities · 2024

100 km²

Ostrovica

IUCN III

Natural Monument · 1980

0 km²

WDPA (World Database on Protected Areas) — UNEP-WCMC & IUCN