Western Ghats
IUCN Not ApplicableWorld Heritage Site (natural or mixed) · 2012
8 115 km²
District · IND
Thiruvananthapuram
India
AmTropical, monsoon(55 %)
Species observed
3 052
Observations
487 620
Area
2 042,5km²
Ecological tissue
Sample of 36 species (selected proportionally per kingdom among those with at least one documented interaction here) to keep the graph readable. Hover for details, click to explore the full ecosystem of a species.
ℹ️ The territory contains many more species than displayed and all their documented interactions: the graph is intentionally the structural skeleton (top-N species by composite local score, edges filtered by Serrano 2009 disparity filter α=0.2).
RègnesAnimalPlanteChampignonBacterie
RelationsPredationParasitismeSymbiosePollinisation
StatutEn dangerVulnérableProtégéeEndémique
Indicateurs du tissu écologique
Tissu écologique de Thiruvananthapuram : 30 espèces dont 2 patrimoniales (LR IUCN CR/EN/VU) reliées par 45 interactions GloBI sur 3 types (connectance 7.1%, filtre Serrano α=0.2). 6 bulles taxonomiques (cascade genre/famille GloBI, ≥3 espèces).
Espèces affichées
36
Interactions affichées
45
Connectance
0.071
Patrimoniales
2
Plus dense que (national)0 %(top 100%)
Comparaison sur la connectance du réseau local complet vs distribution nationale (toutes les communes françaises).
Species present
3 052 distinct species · 487 620 observations
Source: GBIF Occurrence snapshot 2026-05-01.
Climate
Mean T°
26,3°C
Annual rain
2 116mm
Warmest m°
31,5°C
Coldest m°
21,6°C
Elevation: 111 m on average (min -21 m, max 1 227 m)
Bioclimatic details19 BIO + Köppen full + altitude statsExpert
Annual mean temp.
26,3°C
Annual rain
2 116mm
Warmest month
31,5°C
Coldest month
21,6°C
Mean alt.
111m
Min
-21m
Max
1 227m
Std. dev.
155m
Köppen-Geiger (dominant)
AmTropical, monsoon(55 %)Tropical
CHELSA BIO 1-19 v2.1 · ETOPO DEM 60s · Köppen-Geiger 1991-2020 (Beck et al. 2018)
Soil & lithology
pH H₂O
5,4
Org. C
32,8g/kg
Clay
34,8%
Sand
36,3%
Silt
28,9%
Average over 0-30 cm. Per-depth details in expert panel.
Dominant lithology: mtGLiM
3 soil depths detailed0-5cm / 5-15cm / 15-30cm × 5 propsExpert
0–5 cm
pH H₂O
5,4
Org. C
40,8g/kg
Clay
33,8%
Sand
37,0%
Silt
29,2%
5–15 cm
pH H₂O
5,4
Org. C
34,0g/kg
Clay
33,4%
Sand
37,0%
Silt
29,5%
15–30 cm
pH H₂O
5,4
Org. C
23,6g/kg
Clay
37,1%
Sand
35,0%
Silt
27,9%
SoilGrids 250m (ISRIC, 2017) · GLiM v1.0 (Hartmann & Moosdorf 2012)
Land cover
Forest73.5%
Crops2.0%
Built-up4.3%
Bare soil0.3%
Other (grassland, water…)19.9%
Copernicus Global Land Cover 100m (Buchhorn et al. 2020)
Hydrology8 basins · 10 lakes · 35 rivers
Hydrology metrics for this exact territory
Stream length here
395,1km
Lake surface here
16,27km²
Basins crossed
8
Max stream order
4
Max drainage
1 507km²
Discharge in basins
44,1m³/s
Mean precip.
1 778mm/an
Mean T°
26,4°C
Moisture idx
0,22
Mean runoff
782mm/an
Mean elev. (basins)
139m
Watersheds crossing here
- Bassin de Vamanapuram Riversub-area711,6 km²overlap613.03 km²30%
- Bassin de Karamana Riversub-area524,5 km²overlap499.90 km²24%
- Bassin de Neyyarsub-area588,5 km²overlap481.85 km²24%
- Bassin de Amayizhanchan Thodusub-area209,3 km²overlap202.02 km²10%
- Bassin de Parvathy Puthanarsub-area193,8 km²overlap151.62 km²7%
- Bassin de Kalladasub-area1 507,1 km²overlap63.76 km²3%
- Bassin de Ithikkara aarusub-area632,5 km²overlap27.29 km²1%
- Bassin de Kodayarsub-area760,4 km²overlap3.05 km²0%
Lakes (10, top by area)
- Neyyar Reservoirarea4,3 km²avg depth9.6 m
- Peppara Dam Reservoirarea2,6 km²avg depth8.2 m
- Kadinamkulam Lakearea2,6 km²avg depth2.7 m
- Edava Nadayara Lakearea2,5 km²avg depth6.4 m
- Mungottu Kāyalarea2,2 km²avg depth3.4 m
- Vellayani Lakearea2 km²avg depth4.7 m
- Lac 1403533area0,5 km²avg depth3.8 m
- Lac 1403589area0,4 km²avg depth3.2 m
- Lac 1403780area0,3 km²avg depth3.8 m
1 more lakes
Rivers / streams (35, ord ≥ 4)
- Neyyarord 3len here89.21 km97%total92 km
- Karamana Riverord 3len here70.44 km100%total71 km
- Vamanapuram Riverord 4len here38.25 km100%total38 km
- Killi Riverord 2len here20.49 km100%total21 km
- Kallar Riverord 2len here19.86 km100%total20 km
- Kallar riverord 2len here17.44 km100%total17 km
- Valiyathoduord 2len here16.95 km82%total21 km
- Karinkoni thodord 2len here14.34 km100%total14 km
- Amayizhanchan Thoduord 2len here10.44 km100%total10 km
- Parvathy Puthanarord 3len here7.66 km95%total8 km
- Amayizhachan thoduord 2len here7.59 km100%total8 km
- Mamam riverord 3len here7.30 km100%total7 km
23 more river segmentssorted by Strahler order + length
- Chittarord 3len here6.82 km100%total7 km
- Kulathupuzhaord 3len here6.70 km16%total42 km
- Mamom Riverord 1len here6.70 km100%total7 km
- mamom riverord 2len here6.66 km100%total7 km
- Neyyar Canalord 2len here6.66 km100%total7 km
- Parvathy Puthanarord 2len here5.43 km99%total5 km
- Parvathy Puthanarord 3len here5.36 km100%total5 km
- Ayiroor Riverord 2len here4.05 km100%total4 km
- Parvathy Puthanarord 3len here3.98 km100%total4 km
- Parvathy Puthanarord 1len here3.65 km100%total4 km
- mamom river extending from attingal to kanyakulangaraord 2len here3.14 km100%total3 km
- Parvathy Puthanarord 1len here2.91 km100%total3 km
- Parvathy Puthanarord 2len here2.87 km100%total3 km
- Parvathy Puthanarord 2len here2.49 km100%total2 km
- Vembayam Cheruthoduord 2len here2.03 km100%total2 km
- Parvathy Puthanarord 4len here1.95 km100%total2 km
- stream in pallipuram power grid areaord 1len here1.61 km100%total2 km
- Ithikkara Aaaruord 3len here0.96 km13%total7 km
- pallikkal thoduord 1len here0.87 km54%total2 km
- Ithikkara Aaruord 3len here0.16 km2%total9 km
- cheriya velinalloor ela thoduord 3len here0.10 km6%total2 km
- Kulathupuzha Riverord 3len here0.08 km1%total12 km
- Ithikkara aaruord 3len here≈ tangenttotal20 km
Live spatial overlap (cached after first hit) · HydroBASINS lev08 × HydroLAKES × HydroRIVERS v10
Human pressure
Pop. density
18hab/km²
Night light
2,8nW
Built-up
432,7%
Pesticides
5,0kg/km²
GHSL POP/Built 2020 · VIIRS lumière nocturne · PEST-CHEMGRIDS 2020 (Maggi et al.)
Protected areas1
IUCN Not Applicable · 1
WDPA (World Database on Protected Areas) — UNEP-WCMC & IUCN