Lubombo Biosphere Reserve
IUCN Not ApplicableUNESCO-MAB Biosphere Reserve · 2019
2 478 km²
Constituency · SWZ
Sithobela
Swaziland
BShArid, steppe, hot(95 %)
Species observed
455
Observations
5 051
Area
636,6km²
Ecological tissue
Sample of 33 species (selected proportionally per kingdom among those with at least one documented interaction here) to keep the graph readable. Hover for details, click to explore the full ecosystem of a species.
ℹ️ The territory contains many more species than displayed and all their documented interactions: the graph is intentionally the structural skeleton (top-N species by composite local score, edges filtered by Serrano 2009 disparity filter α=0.2).
RègnesAnimalPlanteChampignonBacterie
RelationsPredationParasitismeSymbiosePollinisation
StatutEn dangerVulnérableProtégéeEndémique
Indicateurs du tissu écologique
Tissu écologique de Sithobela : 30 espèces reliées par 31 interactions GloBI sur 4 types (connectance 5.9%, filtre Serrano α=0.2). 3 bulles taxonomiques (cascade genre/famille GloBI, ≥3 espèces).
Espèces affichées
33
Interactions affichées
31
Connectance
0.059
Patrimoniales
0
Plus dense que (national)0 %(top 100%)
Comparaison sur la connectance du réseau local complet vs distribution nationale (toutes les communes françaises).
Species present
455 distinct species · 5 051 observations
Source: GBIF Occurrence snapshot 2026-05-01.
Climate
Mean T°
21,4°C
Annual rain
688mm
Warmest m°
29,8°C
Coldest m°
10,1°C
Elevation: 300 m on average (min 134 m, max 811 m)
Bioclimatic details19 BIO + Köppen full + altitude statsExpert
Annual mean temp.
21,4°C
Annual rain
688mm
Warmest month
29,8°C
Coldest month
10,1°C
Mean alt.
300m
Min
134m
Max
811m
Std. dev.
97m
Köppen-Geiger (dominant)
BShArid, steppe, hot(95 %)Arid
CHELSA BIO 1-19 v2.1 · ETOPO DEM 60s · Köppen-Geiger 1991-2020 (Beck et al. 2018)
Soil & lithology
pH H₂O
6,2
Org. C
17,0g/kg
Clay
34,6%
Sand
49,3%
Silt
16,1%
Average over 0-30 cm. Per-depth details in expert panel.
Dominant lithology: paGLiM
3 soil depths detailed0-5cm / 5-15cm / 15-30cm × 5 propsExpert
0–5 cm
pH H₂O
6,2
Org. C
21,9g/kg
Clay
33,2%
Sand
50,4%
Silt
16,5%
5–15 cm
pH H₂O
6,2
Org. C
16,9g/kg
Clay
32,6%
Sand
50,8%
Silt
16,5%
15–30 cm
pH H₂O
6,3
Org. C
12,1g/kg
Clay
38,0%
Sand
46,6%
Silt
15,4%
SoilGrids 250m (ISRIC, 2017) · GLiM v1.0 (Hartmann & Moosdorf 2012)
Land cover
Forest17.5%
Crops40.6%
Built-up0.5%
Bare soil0.5%
Other (grassland, water…)40.9%
Copernicus Global Land Cover 100m (Buchhorn et al. 2020)
Hydrology3 basins · 0 lakes · 6 rivers
Hydrology metrics for this exact territory
Stream length here
114,6km
Basins crossed
3
Max stream order
5
Max drainage
16 768km²
Discharge in basins
11,6m³/s
Mean precip.
713mm/an
Mean T°
21,1°C
Moisture idx
-0,53
Mean runoff
134mm/an
Mean elev. (basins)
395m
Watersheds crossing here
Rivers / streams (6, ord ≥ 4)
Live spatial overlap (cached after first hit) · HydroBASINS lev08 × HydroLAKES × HydroRIVERS v10
Human pressure
Pop. density
0hab/km²
Night light
0,1nW
Built-up
51,0%
Pesticides
14,6kg/km²
GHSL POP/Built 2020 · VIIRS lumière nocturne · PEST-CHEMGRIDS 2020 (Maggi et al.)
Protected areas1
IUCN Not Applicable · 1
WDPA (World Database on Protected Areas) — UNEP-WCMC & IUCN