Manantiales
IUCN Not ReportedNature Reserve of Defense · 2021
3 712 km²
Commune · CHL
Salamanca
Chile
BSkArid, steppe, cold(33 %)
Species observed
537
Observations
14 974
Area
3 446,5km²
Ecological tissue
Sample of 37 species (selected proportionally per kingdom among those with at least one documented interaction here) to keep the graph readable. Hover for details, click to explore the full ecosystem of a species.
ℹ️ The territory contains many more species than displayed and all their documented interactions: the graph is intentionally the structural skeleton (top-N species by composite local score, edges filtered by Serrano 2009 disparity filter α=0.2).
RègnesAnimalPlanteChampignonBacterie
RelationsPredationParasitismeSymbiosePollinisation
StatutEn dangerVulnérableProtégéeEndémique
Indicateurs du tissu écologique
Tissu écologique de Salamanca : 30 espèces dont 1 patrimoniale (LR IUCN CR/EN/VU) reliées par 47 interactions GloBI sur 5 types (connectance 7.1%, filtre Serrano α=0.2). 7 bulles taxonomiques (cascade genre/famille GloBI, ≥3 espèces).
Espèces affichées
37
Interactions affichées
47
Connectance
0.071
Patrimoniales
1
Plus dense que (national)0 %(top 100%)
Comparaison sur la connectance du réseau local complet vs distribution nationale (toutes les communes françaises).
Species present
537 distinct species · 14 974 observations
Source: GBIF Occurrence snapshot 2026-05-01.
Climate
Mean T°
7,2°C
Annual rain
617mm
Warmest m°
19,6°C
Coldest m°
-4,4°C
Elevation: 2 276 m on average (min 395 m, max 4 645 m)
Bioclimatic details19 BIO + Köppen full + altitude statsExpert
Annual mean temp.
7,2°C
Annual rain
617mm
Warmest month
19,6°C
Coldest month
-4,4°C
Mean alt.
2 276m
Min
395m
Max
4 645m
Std. dev.
1 042m
Köppen-Geiger (dominant)
BSkArid, steppe, cold(33 %)Arid
CHELSA BIO 1-19 v2.1 · ETOPO DEM 60s · Köppen-Geiger 1991-2020 (Beck et al. 2018)
Soil & lithology
pH H₂O
7,0
Org. C
44,4g/kg
Clay
19,5%
Sand
64,0%
Silt
16,5%
Average over 0-30 cm. Per-depth details in expert panel.
Dominant lithology: paGLiMaggregated to Choapa
3 soil depths detailed0-5cm / 5-15cm / 15-30cm × 5 propsExpert
0–5 cm
pH H₂O
7,0
Org. C
57,5g/kg
Clay
17,4%
Sand
66,0%
Silt
16,6%
5–15 cm
pH H₂O
7,0
Org. C
38,0g/kg
Clay
18,8%
Sand
64,7%
Silt
16,6%
15–30 cm
pH H₂O
7,1
Org. C
37,6g/kg
Clay
22,3%
Sand
61,4%
Silt
16,3%
SoilGrids 250m (ISRIC, 2017) · GLiM v1.0 (Hartmann & Moosdorf 2012)
Land cover
Forest1.7%
Crops1.2%
Built-up0.1%
Bare soil49.7%
Other (grassland, water…)47.3%
Copernicus Global Land Cover 100m (Buchhorn et al. 2020)
Hydrology12 basins · 3 lakes · 30 rivers
Hydrology metrics for this exact territory
Stream length here
605,5km
Lake surface here
1,88km²
Basins crossed
12
Max stream order
4
Max drainage
3 843km²
Discharge in basins
33,4m³/s
Mean precip.
252mm/an
Mean T°
7,3°C
Moisture idx
-0,74
Max snow
33%
Mean runoff
140mm/an
Mean elev. (basins)
2 275m
Watersheds crossing here
- Bassin de Río Choapasub-area2 265,2 km²overlap2246.35 km²65%
- Bassin de Río Chalingasub-area600,9 km²overlap591.92 km²17%
- Bassin de Estero Camisassub-area463,2 km²overlap460.22 km²13%
- Bassin de Río Choapasub-area494,7 km²overlap99.68 km²3%
- Bassin de Río Choapasub-area18,8 km²overlap18.83 km²1%
- Bassin de Río Petorcasub-area1 982,5 km²overlap11.23 km²0%
- Bassin de Río Quilimarísub-area2 306,7 km²overlap4.84 km²0%
- Bassin de Río Illapelsub-area2 047,2 km²overlap3.90 km²0%
- Bassin de Río de los Teatinossub-area722,7 km²overlap3.78 km²0%
Lakes (3, top by area)
Rivers / streams (30, ord ≥ 4)
- Río Choapaord 5len here113.08 km61%total186 km
- Estero Camisasord 3len here72.41 km100%total72 km
- Río Chalingaord 3len here45.77 km100%total46 km
- Río Manqueord 2len here41.88 km100%total42 km
- Río Totoralord 4len here35.24 km100%total35 km
- Río de La Chicharraord 3len here33.96 km100%total34 km
- Río Leivaord 3len here27.09 km100%total27 km
- Río del Valleord 2len here20.50 km100%total21 km
- Río Cuncuménord 3len here18.39 km100%total18 km
- Estero de Polcuraord 3len here18.18 km100%total18 km
- Estero de Las Ojotasord 2len here17.14 km100%total17 km
- Río Tencadánord 2len here15.64 km100%total16 km
18 more river segmentssorted by Strahler order + length
- Río del Yunqueord 2len here14.44 km100%total14 km
- Estero Piuquenesord 2len here13.99 km100%total14 km
- Estero Cunlaguaord 3len here13.87 km100%total14 km
- Estero de Las Puentecillasord 2len here13.86 km100%total14 km
- Río Alitreord 3len here10.72 km100%total11 km
- Río de Gonzálezord 1len here10.53 km100%total11 km
- Río Los Pelambresord 2len here9.32 km100%total9 km
- Quebrada El Consueloord 1len here9.26 km100%total9 km
- Estero Toro Machoord 2len here8.11 km100%total8 km
- Río Cerro Blancoord 2len here6.94 km100%total7 km
- Estero Quelénord 1len here6.07 km100%total6 km
- Quebrada Manaqueguaord 1len here5.60 km100%total6 km
- Rio Blancoord 1len here5.19 km100%total5 km
- Estero Arco del Choapaord 2len here5.14 km100%total5 km
- Río del Portilloord 1len here4.05 km100%total4 km
- Estero Agua Fríaord 1len here3.51 km100%total4 km
- Estero de Ortegaord 1len here3.22 km100%total3 km
- Estero de La Angosturaord 1len here2.37 km100%total2 km
Live spatial overlap (cached after first hit) · HydroBASINS lev08 × HydroLAKES × HydroRIVERS v10
Human pressure
Pop. density
0hab/km²
Night light
0,2nW
Built-up
6,1%
Pesticides
34,7kg/km²
GHSL POP/Built 2020 · VIIRS lumière nocturne · PEST-CHEMGRIDS 2020 (Maggi et al.)
Protected areas2
IUCN Not Reported · 2
Raja de Manquehua - Poza Azul
IUCN Not ReportedNature Sanctuary · 2018
22 km²
WDPA (World Database on Protected Areas) — UNEP-WCMC & IUCN