Ontologia

Municipality · PRT

Penela

Portugal

CsaTemperate, dry summer, hot summer(53 %)

Species observed

1 275

Observations

11 954

Area

134,8km²

Ecological tissue

Sample of 43 species (selected proportionally per kingdom among those with at least one documented interaction here) to keep the graph readable. Hover for details, click to explore the full ecosystem of a species.

ℹ️ The territory contains many more species than displayed and all their documented interactions: the graph is intentionally the structural skeleton (top-N species by composite local score, edges filtered by Serrano 2009 disparity filter α=0.2).

RègnesAnimalPlanteChampignonBacterie
RelationsPredationParasitismeSymbiosePollinisation
StatutEn dangerVulnérableProtégéeEndémique

Indicateurs du tissu écologique

Tissu écologique de Penela : 32 espèces dont 1 patrimoniale (LR IUCN CR/EN/VU) reliées par 87 interactions GloBI sur 4 types (connectance 9.6%, filtre Serrano α=0.2). 11 bulles taxonomiques (cascade genre/famille GloBI, ≥3 espèces).

Espèces affichées
43
Interactions affichées
87
Connectance
0.096
Patrimoniales
1
Plus dense que (national)0 %(top 100%)

Comparaison sur la connectance du réseau local complet vs distribution nationale (toutes les communes françaises).

Species present

1 275 distinct species · 11 954 observations

Source: GBIF Occurrence snapshot 2026-05-01.

Densité d'observations

11 954 obs · 4 cellules
Obs. / cellule
≥ 3 923
3 923–3 922
3 608–3 922
3 608–3 607
< 3 608

Source : GBIF — observations agrégées par hexagones 0.027° × 0.027° (~22km), filtre précision coordonnée < 10 km. Fond carte : OpenFreeMap · © OpenStreetMap.

Climate

Mean T°

14,2°C

Annual rain

1 189mm

Warmest m°

27,7°C

Coldest m°

3,8°C

Elevation: 340 m on average (min 146 m, max 754 m)

Bioclimatic detailsExpert
Annual mean temp.
14,2°C
Annual rain
1 189mm
Warmest month
27,7°C
Coldest month
3,8°C
Mean alt.
340m
Min
146m
Max
754m
Std. dev.
156m
Köppen-Geiger (dominant)
CsaTemperate, dry summer, hot summer(53 %)Temperate

CHELSA BIO 1-19 v2.1 · ETOPO DEM 60s · Köppen-Geiger 1991-2020 (Beck et al. 2018)

Soil & lithology

pH H₂O

6,0

Org. C

37,5g/kg

Clay

20,0%

Sand

47,4%

Silt

32,6%

Average over 0-30 cm. Per-depth details in expert panel.

Dominant lithology: mtGLiM

3 soil depths detailedExpert
0–5 cm
pH H₂O
6,0
Org. C
58,6g/kg
Clay
19,0%
Sand
47,9%
Silt
33,0%
5–15 cm
pH H₂O
6,0
Org. C
30,6g/kg
Clay
19,4%
Sand
47,3%
Silt
33,4%
15–30 cm
pH H₂O
6,0
Org. C
23,3g/kg
Clay
21,6%
Sand
47,1%
Silt
31,3%

SoilGrids 250m (ISRIC, 2017) · GLiM v1.0 (Hartmann & Moosdorf 2012)

Land cover

Forest34.3%
Crops4.3%
Built-up0.7%
Bare soil2.7%
Other (grassland, water…)58.1%

Copernicus Global Land Cover 100m (Buchhorn et al. 2020)

Hydrology4 basins · 0 lakes · 7 rivers

Hydrology metrics for this exact territory

Stream length here

24,9km

Basins crossed

4

Max stream order

3

Max drainage

5 737km²

Discharge in basins

5,1m³/s

Mean precip.

1 061mm/an

Mean T°

14,6°C

Moisture idx

0,01

Max snow

6%

Mean runoff

485mm/an

Mean elev. (basins)

368m

Watersheds crossing here

Live spatial overlap (cached after first hit) · HydroBASINS lev08 × HydroLAKES × HydroRIVERS v10

Human pressure

Pop. density

0hab/km²

Night light

1,3nW

Built-up

68,9%

Pesticides

29,0kg/km²

GHSL POP/Built 2020 · VIIRS lumière nocturne · PEST-CHEMGRIDS 2020 (Maggi et al.)

Protected areas2

IUCN Not Reported · 2

Sicó / Alvaiázere

IUCN Not Reported

Site of Community Importance (Habitats Directive) · 2008

316 km²

Serra da Lousã

IUCN Not Reported

Site of Community Importance (Habitats Directive) · 2008

151 km²

WDPA (World Database on Protected Areas) — UNEP-WCMC & IUCN

Sub-administrations5