Ontologia

Commune · ITA

Parma

Italy

CfaTemperate, no dry season, hot summer(100 %)

Species observed

1 984

Observations

21 056

Area

259,6km²

Ecological tissue

Sample of 43 species (selected proportionally per kingdom among those with at least one documented interaction here) to keep the graph readable. Hover for details, click to explore the full ecosystem of a species.

ℹ️ The territory contains many more species than displayed and all their documented interactions: the graph is intentionally the structural skeleton (top-N species by composite local score, edges filtered by Serrano 2009 disparity filter α=0.2).

RègnesAnimalPlanteChampignonBacterie
RelationsPredationParasitismeSymbiosePollinisation
StatutEn dangerVulnérableProtégéeEndémique

Indicateurs du tissu écologique

Tissu écologique de Parma : 28 espèces dont 2 patrimoniales (LR IUCN CR/EN/VU) reliées par 134 interactions GloBI sur 5 types (connectance 14.2%, filtre Serrano α=0.2). 16 bulles taxonomiques (cascade genre/famille GloBI, ≥3 espèces).

Espèces affichées
44
Interactions affichées
134
Connectance
0.142
Patrimoniales
2
Plus dense que (national)0 %(top 100%)

Comparaison sur la connectance du réseau local complet vs distribution nationale (toutes les communes françaises).

Species present

1 984 distinct species · 21 056 observations

Source: GBIF Occurrence snapshot 2026-05-01.

Densité d'observations

21 056 obs · 8 cellules
Obs. / cellule
≥ 6 447
6 447–6 446
2 949–6 446
2 464–2 948
< 2 464

Source : GBIF — observations agrégées par hexagones 0.027° × 0.027° (~22km), filtre précision coordonnée < 10 km. Fond carte : OpenFreeMap · © OpenStreetMap.

Climate

Mean T°

14,1°C

Annual rain

704mm

Warmest m°

30,3°C

Coldest m°

-0,4°C

Elevation: 66 m on average (min 26 m, max 193 m)

Bioclimatic detailsExpert
Annual mean temp.
14,1°C
Annual rain
704mm
Warmest month
30,3°C
Coldest month
-0,4°C
Mean alt.
66m
Min
26m
Max
193m
Std. dev.
34m
Köppen-Geiger (dominant)
CfaTemperate, no dry season, hot summer(100 %)Temperate

CHELSA BIO 1-19 v2.1 · ETOPO DEM 60s · Köppen-Geiger 1991-2020 (Beck et al. 2018)

Soil & lithology

pH H₂O

7,6

Org. C

25,1g/kg

Clay

37,2%

Sand

13,6%

Silt

49,2%

Average over 0-30 cm. Per-depth details in expert panel.

Dominant lithology: scGLiMaggregated to Parma

3 soil depths detailedExpert
0–5 cm
pH H₂O
7,4
Org. C
43,7g/kg
Clay
36,5%
Sand
13,7%
Silt
49,8%
5–15 cm
pH H₂O
7,6
Org. C
17,1g/kg
Clay
37,5%
Sand
12,6%
Silt
49,9%
15–30 cm
pH H₂O
7,6
Org. C
14,5g/kg
Clay
37,7%
Sand
14,5%
Silt
47,8%

SoilGrids 250m (ISRIC, 2017) · GLiM v1.0 (Hartmann & Moosdorf 2012)

Land cover

Forest9.3%
Crops49.3%
Built-up4.2%
Bare soil1.8%
Other (grassland, water…)35.4%

Copernicus Global Land Cover 100m (Buchhorn et al. 2020)

Hydrology4 basins · 0 lakes · 11 rivers

Hydrology metrics for this exact territory

Stream length here

87,3km

Basins crossed

4

Max stream order

4

Max drainage

54 802km²

Discharge in basins

552,2m³/s

Mean precip.

863mm/an

Mean T°

11,1°C

Moisture idx

0,01

Max snow

7%

Mean runoff

506mm/an

Mean elev. (basins)

411m

Watersheds crossing here

Live spatial overlap (cached after first hit) · HydroBASINS lev08 × HydroLAKES × HydroRIVERS v10

Human pressure

Pop. density

4hab/km²

Night light

11,7nW

Built-up

421,3%

Pesticides

66,2kg/km²

GHSL POP/Built 2020 · VIIRS lumière nocturne · PEST-CHEMGRIDS 2020 (Maggi et al.)

Protected areas7

IUCN Not Reported · 6IUCN IV · 1

Medio Taro

IUCN Not Reported

Special Protection Area (Birds Directive) · 2004

38 km²

Medio Taro

IUCN Not Reported

Special Areas of Conservation (Habitats Directive) · 2019

38 km²

Complete list

WDPA (World Database on Protected Areas) — UNEP-WCMC & IUCN