Santuario per i Mammiferi Marini
IUCN IVInternational significance Natural Marine Area · 1999
23 736 km²
Commune · ITA
Orbetello
Italy
CsaTemperate, dry summer, hot summer(100 %)
Species observed
1 846
Observations
32 233
Area
229,6km²
Ecological tissue
Sample of 36 species (selected proportionally per kingdom among those with at least one documented interaction here) to keep the graph readable. Hover for details, click to explore the full ecosystem of a species.
ℹ️ The territory contains many more species than displayed and all their documented interactions: the graph is intentionally the structural skeleton (top-N species by composite local score, edges filtered by Serrano 2009 disparity filter α=0.2).
RègnesAnimalPlanteChampignonBacterie
RelationsPredationParasitismeSymbiosePollinisation
StatutEn dangerVulnérableProtégéeEndémique
Indicateurs du tissu écologique
Tissu écologique de Orbetello : 29 espèces dont 3 patrimoniales (LR IUCN CR/EN/VU) reliées par 82 interactions GloBI sur 2 types (connectance 11.7%, filtre Serrano α=0.2). 9 bulles taxonomiques (cascade genre/famille GloBI, ≥3 espèces).
Espèces affichées
38
Interactions affichées
82
Connectance
0.117
Patrimoniales
3
Plus dense que (national)0 %(top 100%)
Comparaison sur la connectance du réseau local complet vs distribution nationale (toutes les communes françaises).
Species present
1 846 distinct species · 32 233 observations
Source: GBIF Occurrence snapshot 2026-05-01.
Climate
Mean T°
16,3°C
Annual rain
666mm
Warmest m°
26,5°C
Coldest m°
7,4°C
Elevation: 41 m on average (min -30 m, max 282 m)
Bioclimatic details19 BIO + Köppen full + altitude statsExpert
Annual mean temp.
16,3°C
Annual rain
666mm
Warmest month
26,5°C
Coldest month
7,4°C
Mean alt.
41m
Min
-30m
Max
282m
Std. dev.
60m
Köppen-Geiger (dominant)
CsaTemperate, dry summer, hot summer(100 %)Temperate
CHELSA BIO 1-19 v2.1 · ETOPO DEM 60s · Köppen-Geiger 1991-2020 (Beck et al. 2018)
Soil & lithology
pH H₂O
7,4
Org. C
30,9g/kg
Clay
31,4%
Sand
31,5%
Silt
37,1%
Average over 0-30 cm. Per-depth details in expert panel.
Dominant lithology: scGLiMaggregated to Grosseto
3 soil depths detailed0-5cm / 5-15cm / 15-30cm × 5 propsExpert
0–5 cm
pH H₂O
7,3
Org. C
51,3g/kg
Clay
31,1%
Sand
32,0%
Silt
36,9%
5–15 cm
pH H₂O
7,4
Org. C
20,7g/kg
Clay
30,1%
Sand
32,2%
Silt
37,6%
15–30 cm
pH H₂O
7,4
Org. C
20,7g/kg
Clay
33,0%
Sand
30,3%
Silt
36,7%
SoilGrids 250m (ISRIC, 2017) · GLiM v1.0 (Hartmann & Moosdorf 2012)
Land cover
Forest17.7%
Crops31.4%
Built-up0.7%
Bare soil2.6%
Other (grassland, water…)47.6%
Copernicus Global Land Cover 100m (Buchhorn et al. 2020)
Hydrology1 basins · 2 lakes · 11 rivers
Hydrology metrics for this exact territory
Stream length here
41,2km
Lake surface here
24,99km²
Basins crossed
1
Max stream order
3
Max drainage
1 393km²
Discharge in basins
0,0m³/s
Mean precip.
590mm/an
Mean T°
14,7°C
Moisture idx
-0,38
Max snow
1%
Mean runoff
229mm/an
Mean elev. (basins)
156m
Watersheds crossing here
Lakes (2, top by area)
Rivers / streams (11, ord ≥ 4)
- Canale Principale Numero 4ord 2len here10.33 km90%total12 km
- Canale Principale N.1ord 2len here9.17 km100%total9 km
- Fosso del Butterinoord 3len here4.70 km100%total5 km
- Collettore Principaleord 1len here4.04 km65%total6 km
- Canale Principale Numero 2ord 3len here3.78 km100%total4 km
- Torrente Patrignoneord 3len here2.98 km13%total23 km
- Fosso Botricelloord 1len here2.80 km41%total7 km
- Fosso Tizzanoord 1len here2.01 km100%total2 km
- Fosso di Casagliaord 1len here0.69 km14%total5 km
- Fosso dei Sassi Neriord 1len here0.64 km93%total1 km
- Fosso Serraord 1len here0.05 km1%total8 km
Live spatial overlap (cached after first hit) · HydroBASINS lev08 × HydroLAKES × HydroRIVERS v10
Human pressure
Pop. density
0hab/km²
Night light
1,0nW
Built-up
66,6%
Pesticides
54,5kg/km²
GHSL POP/Built 2020 · VIIRS lumière nocturne · PEST-CHEMGRIDS 2020 (Maggi et al.)
Protected areas15
IUCN Not Reported · 9IUCN IV · 5IUCN Ia · 1🌊 Marine · 10
Parco naturale della Maremma
IUCN IVRegional/Provincial Nature Park · 1975
91 km²
Boschi delle Colline di Capalbio
IUCN Not ReportedSpecial Areas of Conservation (Habitats Directive) · 2016
60 km²
Monte Argentario, Isolotto di Porto Ercole e Argentarola
IUCN Not ReportedSpecial Protection Area (Birds Directive) · 2004
57 km²
Monte Argentario, Isolotto di Porto Ercole e Argentarola
IUCN Not ReportedSpecial Areas of Conservation (Habitats Directive) · 2016
57 km²
Monti dell'Uccellina
IUCN Not ReportedSpecial Areas of Conservation (Habitats Directive) · 2016
44 km²
Complete list15 protected areas
- Santuario per i Mammiferi MariniInternational significance Natural Marine AreaIUCN IV199923 736 km²
- Parco naturale della MaremmaRegional/Provincial Nature ParkIUCN IV197591 km²
- Boschi delle Colline di CapalbioSpecial Areas of Conservation (Habitats Directive)IUCN Not Reported201660 km²
- Monte Argentario, Isolotto di Porto Ercole e ArgentarolaSpecial Protection Area (Birds Directive)IUCN Not Reported200457 km²
- Monte Argentario, Isolotto di Porto Ercole e ArgentarolaSpecial Areas of Conservation (Habitats Directive)IUCN Not Reported201657 km²
- Monti dell'UccellinaSpecial Areas of Conservation (Habitats Directive)IUCN Not Reported201644 km²
- Monti dell'UccellinaSpecial Protection Area (Birds Directive)IUCN Not Reported199844 km²
- Laguna di OrbetelloSpecial Areas of Conservation (Habitats Directive)IUCN Not Reported201637 km²
- Laguna di OrbetelloSpecial Protection Area (Birds Directive)IUCN Not Reported200437 km²
- Pianure del Parco della MaremmaSpecial Protection Area (Birds Directive)IUCN Not Reported200333 km²
- Riserva naturale Laguna di OrbetelloRegional/Provincial Nature ReserveIUCN IV199820 km²
- Laguna di OrbetelloWetland of International Importance (Ramsar Site)IUCN IV19769 km²
- Riserva naturale Laguna di Orbetello di PonenteState Nature ReserveIUCN IV19806 km²
- Riserva naturale Duna FenigliaState Nature ReserveIUCN Ia19715 km²
- Duna di FenigliaSpecial Protection Area (Birds Directive)IUCN Not Reported19985 km²
WDPA (World Database on Protected Areas) — UNEP-WCMC & IUCN