Serra d'Espadà (ZEPA)
IUCN Not ReportedSpecial Protection Area (Birds Directive) · 2000
653 km²
Subdivision · ESP
Onda
Spain
BSkArid, steppe, cold(90 %)
Species observed
1 417
Observations
40 073
Area
108,3km²
Ecological tissue
Sample of 34 species (selected proportionally per kingdom among those with at least one documented interaction here) to keep the graph readable. Hover for details, click to explore the full ecosystem of a species.
ℹ️ The territory contains many more species than displayed and all their documented interactions: the graph is intentionally the structural skeleton (top-N species by composite local score, edges filtered by Serrano 2009 disparity filter α=0.2).
RègnesAnimalPlanteChampignonBacterie
RelationsPredationParasitismeSymbiosePollinisation
StatutEn dangerVulnérableProtégéeEndémique
Indicateurs du tissu écologique
Tissu écologique de Onda : 27 espèces reliées par 82 interactions GloBI sur 4 types (connectance 14.6%, filtre Serrano α=0.2). 7 bulles taxonomiques (cascade genre/famille GloBI, ≥3 espèces).
Espèces affichées
34
Interactions affichées
82
Connectance
0.146
Patrimoniales
0
Plus dense que (national)0 %(top 100%)
Comparaison sur la connectance du réseau local complet vs distribution nationale (toutes les communes françaises).
Species present
1 417 distinct species · 40 073 observations
Source: GBIF Occurrence snapshot 2026-05-01.
Climate
Mean T°
16,8°C
Annual rain
511mm
Warmest m°
28,7°C
Coldest m°
5,1°C
Elevation: 180 m on average (min 79 m, max 395 m)
Bioclimatic details19 BIO + Köppen full + altitude statsExpert
Annual mean temp.
16,8°C
Annual rain
511mm
Warmest month
28,7°C
Coldest month
5,1°C
Mean alt.
180m
Min
79m
Max
395m
Std. dev.
64m
Köppen-Geiger (dominant)
BSkArid, steppe, cold(90 %)Arid
CHELSA BIO 1-19 v2.1 · ETOPO DEM 60s · Köppen-Geiger 1991-2020 (Beck et al. 2018)
Soil & lithology
pH H₂O
7,5
Org. C
28,6g/kg
Clay
28,2%
Sand
36,9%
Silt
34,9%
Average over 0-30 cm. Per-depth details in expert panel.
Dominant lithology: scGLiMaggregated to Castellón
3 soil depths detailed0-5cm / 5-15cm / 15-30cm × 5 propsExpert
0–5 cm
pH H₂O
7,5
Org. C
43,8g/kg
Clay
27,9%
Sand
36,5%
Silt
35,6%
5–15 cm
pH H₂O
7,5
Org. C
22,5g/kg
Clay
29,0%
Sand
35,7%
Silt
35,3%
15–30 cm
pH H₂O
7,5
Org. C
19,7g/kg
Clay
27,6%
Sand
38,6%
Silt
33,8%
SoilGrids 250m (ISRIC, 2017) · GLiM v1.0 (Hartmann & Moosdorf 2012)
Land cover
Forest29.9%
Crops5.0%
Built-up3.1%
Bare soil5.0%
Other (grassland, water…)56.8%
Copernicus Global Land Cover 100m (Buchhorn et al. 2020)
Hydrology3 basins · 1 lakes · 6 rivers
Hydrology metrics for this exact territory
Stream length here
43,9km
Lake surface here
1,16km²
Basins crossed
3
Max stream order
4
Max drainage
2 536km²
Discharge in basins
1,4m³/s
Mean precip.
462mm/an
Mean T°
15,5°C
Moisture idx
-0,53
Max snow
2%
Mean runoff
87mm/an
Mean elev. (basins)
304m
Watersheds crossing here
Lakes (1, top by area)
Rivers / streams (6, ord ≥ 4)
Live spatial overlap (cached after first hit) · HydroBASINS lev08 × HydroLAKES × HydroRIVERS v10
Human pressure
Pop. density
1hab/km²
Night light
12,5nW
Built-up
314,4%
Pesticides
32,2kg/km²
GHSL POP/Built 2020 · VIIRS lumière nocturne · PEST-CHEMGRIDS 2020 (Maggi et al.)
Protected areas5
IUCN Not Reported · 3IUCN V · 1IUCN III · 1
Sierra Espadà
IUCN VNatural Park · 1998
312 km²
Serra d'Espadà
IUCN Not ReportedSite of Community Importance (Habitats Directive)
310 km²
Curs alt del riu Millars
IUCN Not ReportedSite of Community Importance (Habitats Directive)
101 km²
Desembocadura del Millars
IUCN IIIProtected Landscape · 2005
4 km²
WDPA (World Database on Protected Areas) — UNEP-WCMC & IUCN