Doñana
IUCN Not ReportedSpecial Protection Area (Birds Directive) · 1987
1 281 km²
Commune · ESP
n.a. (137)
Spain
CsaTemperate, dry summer, hot summer(100 %)
Species observed
4 104
Observations
725 997
Area
1 501,3km²
Ecological tissue
Sample of 34 species (selected proportionally per kingdom among those with at least one documented interaction here) to keep the graph readable. Hover for details, click to explore the full ecosystem of a species.
ℹ️ The territory contains many more species than displayed and all their documented interactions: the graph is intentionally the structural skeleton (top-N species by composite local score, edges filtered by Serrano 2009 disparity filter α=0.2).
RègnesAnimalPlanteChampignonBacterie
RelationsPredationParasitismeSymbiosePollinisation
StatutEn dangerVulnérableProtégéeEndémique
Indicateurs du tissu écologique
Tissu écologique de n.a. (137) : 25 espèces dont 2 patrimoniales (LR IUCN CR/EN/VU) reliées par 52 interactions GloBI sur 2 types (connectance 8.7%, filtre Serrano α=0.2). 10 bulles taxonomiques (cascade genre/famille GloBI, ≥3 espèces).
Espèces affichées
35
Interactions affichées
52
Connectance
0.087
Patrimoniales
2
Plus dense que (national)0 %(top 100%)
Comparaison sur la connectance du réseau local complet vs distribution nationale (toutes les communes françaises).
Species present
4 104 distinct species · 725 997 observations
Source: GBIF Occurrence snapshot 2026-05-01.
Climate
Mean T°
18,3°C
Annual rain
631mm
Warmest m°
31,5°C
Coldest m°
7,4°C
Elevation: 38 m on average (min -8 m, max 161 m)
Bioclimatic details19 BIO + Köppen full + altitude statsExpert
Annual mean temp.
18,3°C
Annual rain
631mm
Warmest month
31,5°C
Coldest month
7,4°C
Mean alt.
38m
Min
-8m
Max
161m
Std. dev.
31m
Köppen-Geiger (dominant)
CsaTemperate, dry summer, hot summer(100 %)Temperate
CHELSA BIO 1-19 v2.1 · ETOPO DEM 60s · Köppen-Geiger 1991-2020 (Beck et al. 2018)
Soil & lithology
pH H₂O
6,9
Org. C
25,2g/kg
Clay
24,0%
Sand
47,8%
Silt
28,3%
Average over 0-30 cm. Per-depth details in expert panel.
Dominant lithology: mtGLiMaggregated to Huelva
3 soil depths detailed0-5cm / 5-15cm / 15-30cm × 5 propsExpert
0–5 cm
pH H₂O
6,9
Org. C
41,3g/kg
Clay
24,2%
Sand
46,9%
Silt
28,9%
5–15 cm
pH H₂O
7,0
Org. C
17,0g/kg
Clay
24,5%
Sand
46,1%
Silt
29,5%
15–30 cm
pH H₂O
6,8
Org. C
17,4g/kg
Clay
23,2%
Sand
50,4%
Silt
26,4%
SoilGrids 250m (ISRIC, 2017) · GLiM v1.0 (Hartmann & Moosdorf 2012)
Land cover
Forest20.3%
Crops18.4%
Built-up1.0%
Bare soil7.3%
Other (grassland, water…)53.0%
Copernicus Global Land Cover 100m (Buchhorn et al. 2020)
Hydrology6 basins · 25 lakes · 21 rivers
Hydrology metrics for this exact territory
Stream length here
188,7km
Lake surface here
14,78km²
Basins crossed
6
Max stream order
6
Max drainage
56 433km²
Discharge in basins
108,9m³/s
Mean precip.
523mm/an
Mean T°
17,7°C
Moisture idx
-0,54
Max snow
1%
Mean runoff
156mm/an
Mean elev. (basins)
50m
Watersheds crossing here
- Bassin de Caño de Guadiamarsub-area1 347,8 km²overlap945.27 km²63%
- Basin #18370sub-area386,2 km²overlap369.85 km²25%
- Bassin de Río Tintosub-area1 621,5 km²overlap85.94 km²6%
- Bassin de Arroyo de la Torresub-area1 608,2 km²overlap50.47 km²3%
- Bassin de Río Guadalquivirsub-area86,8 km²overlap47.17 km²3%
- Bassin de Arroyo del Chorritosub-area194,6 km²overlap1.73 km²0%
Lakes (25, top by area)
- Lucio del Membrilloarea7,3 km²avg depth2.2 m
- Charco de la Bocaarea1 km²avg depth1.9 m
- Lac 1370059area0,7 km²avg depth1.5 m
- Lac 1369916area0,6 km²avg depth1.6 m
- Lac 1369902area0,6 km²avg depth1.4 m
- Lac 1369876area0,6 km²avg depth1.7 m
- Lac 1369937area0,4 km²avg depth1.4 m
- Lac 1369994area0,4 km²avg depth1.5 m
- Lac 1370045area0,3 km²avg depth1.4 m
16 more lakes
- Lac 1369797area0,3 km²avg depth3.2 m
- Lac 1369941area0,2 km²avg depth1.2 m
- Lac 1369735area0,2 km²avg depth3.3 m
- Lac 1370006area0,2 km²avg depth1.4 m
- Lac 1369949area0,2 km²avg depth1.0 m
- Lac 1369844area0,2 km²avg depth1.5 m
- Lac 1369940area0,2 km²avg depth1.4 m
- Lac 1369913area0,2 km²avg depth0.6 m
- Lac 1369982area0,2 km²avg depth1.5 m
- Lac 1369898area0,1 km²avg depth0.8 m
- Lac 1369910area0,1 km²avg depth1.2 m
- Lac 1369917area0,1 km²avg depth1.2 m
- Lac 1369865area0,1 km²avg depth0.5 m
- Lac 1369952area0,1 km²avg depth1.3 m
- Lac 1370026area0,1 km²avg depth0.9 m
- Lac 1369837area0,1 km²avg depth1.3 m
Rivers / streams (21, ord ≥ 4)
- Arroyo de La Rocinaord 2len here34.62 km100%total35 km
- Caño de la Madre de las Marismas del Rocíoord 4len here20.83 km100%total21 km
- Río Guadalquivirord 6len here14.44 km2%total852 km
- Arroyo de la Fuente de la Concha o de la Juncosillaord 1len here11.39 km57%total20 km
- Arroyo del Algarbeord 1len here11.23 km72%total16 km
- Arroyo del Partidoord 3len here10.42 km100%total10 km
- Caño del Pescadorord 2len here10.40 km72%total14 km
- Regajo del Tesorilloord 1len here10.23 km100%total10 km
- Río Tintoord 4len here9.19 km6%total151 km
- Arroyo del Algarroboord 1len here9.06 km100%total9 km
- Caño de Guadiamarord 4len here8.24 km24%total35 km
- Caño de la Carniceríaord 1len here8.08 km100%total8 km
9 more river segmentssorted by Strahler order + length
- Arroyo de Soto Chicoord 4len here7.65 km100%total8 km
- Arroyo de la Cerradaord 2len here6.75 km49%total14 km
- Arroyo de la Palmosaord 3len here5.22 km100%total5 km
- Caño de las Arenillasord 2len here3.79 km100%total4 km
- arroyo Chucenaord 1len here2.99 km20%total15 km
- Arroyo del Soto Grandeord 1len here2.54 km100%total3 km
- Caño del Molinoord 1len here1.35 km100%total1 km
- Arroyo del Gatoord 2len here0.23 km1%total23 km
- Arroyo Candónord 4len here0.05 km0%total16 km
Live spatial overlap (cached after first hit) · HydroBASINS lev08 × HydroLAKES × HydroRIVERS v10
Human pressure
Pop. density
0hab/km²
Night light
2,3nW
Built-up
96,1%
Pesticides
40,6kg/km²
GHSL POP/Built 2020 · VIIRS lumière nocturne · PEST-CHEMGRIDS 2020 (Maggi et al.)
Protected areas37
IUCN Not Reported · 18IUCN IV · 9IUCN II · 5IUCN III · 3IUCN V · 1IUCN Not Applicable · 1🌊 Marine · 23📍 Point sites · 1
Doñana
IUCN Not ReportedSpecial Areas of Conservation (Habitats Directive) · 2012
1 281 km²
Doñana
IUCN IVNatura 2000 · 2012
1 137 km²
Doñana
IUCN IIWetland of International Importance (Ramsar Site) · 1982
1 131 km²
Doñana
IUCN VNatural Park · 1989
681 km²
Doñana National Park
IUCN Not ApplicableWorld Heritage Site (natural or mixed) · 1994
536 km²
Complete list37 protected areas
- DoñanaSpecial Protection Area (Birds Directive)IUCN Not Reported19871 281 km²
- DoñanaSpecial Areas of Conservation (Habitats Directive)IUCN Not Reported20121 281 km²
- DoñanaNatura 2000IUCN IV20121 137 km²
- DoñanaWetland of International Importance (Ramsar Site)IUCN II19821 131 km²
- DoñanaNatural ParkIUCN V1989681 km²
- Doñana National ParkWorld Heritage Site (natural or mixed)IUCN Not Applicable1994536 km²
- DoñanaNacional ParkIUCN II1969533 km²
- Corredor Ecológico del Río tintoNatura 2000IUCN IV2015218 km²
- Corredor Ecológico del Río TintoSpecial Areas of Conservation (Habitats Directive)IUCN Not Reported2015218 km²
- Doñana Norte y OesteSpecial Areas of Conservation (Habitats Directive)IUCN Not Reported2016186 km²
- Doñana Norte y OesteNatura 2000IUCN IV2016186 km²
- Marismas del OdielNature PlaceIUCN II198466 km²
- Marismas del OdielSpecial Protection Area (Birds Directive)IUCN Not Reported198766 km²
- Marismas del OdielSite of Community Importance (Habitats Directive)IUCN Not Reported200666 km²
- Marismas del OdielNatura 2000IUCN IV199265 km²
- Espacio marino del Tinto y del OdielSpecial Protection Area (Birds Directive)IUCN Not Reported201449 km²
- Espacio marino del Tinto y del OdielMarine Protected Area (OSPAR)IUCN Not Reported201449 km²
- Bajo GuadalquivirSpecial Areas of Conservation (Habitats Directive)IUCN Not Reported201548 km²
- Bajo GuadalquivirNatura 2000IUCN IV201548 km²
- Marismas y Riberas del TintoSpecial Areas of Conservation (Habitats Directive)IUCN Not Reported201530 km²
- Marismas y Riberas del TintoNatura 2000IUCN IV201530 km²
- Dehesa del Estero y Montes de MoguerSite of Community Importance (Habitats Directive)IUCN Not Reported200629 km²
- Estuario del Río tintoNatura 2000IUCN IV201512 km²
- Estuario del Río TintoSpecial Areas of Conservation (Habitats Directive)IUCN Not Reported201512 km²
- Dehesa de Torrecuadros y Arroyo de PilasSpecial Areas of Conservation (Habitats Directive)IUCN Not Reported202010 km²
- Dehesa de Torrecuadros y Arroyo de PilasNatura 2000IUCN IV202010 km²
- Lagunas de Palos y Las MadresSite of Community Importance (Habitats Directive)IUCN Not Reported20066 km²
- Paraje Natural Lagunas de Palos y las MadresWetland of International Importance (Ramsar Site)IUCN Not Reported20076 km²
- Lagunas de Palos y las MadresNature PlaceIUCN II19896 km²
- Estero de Domingo RubioNature PlaceIUCN II19894 km²
- Estero de Domingo RubioSite of Community Importance (Habitats Directive)IUCN Not Reported20063 km²
- Estero de Domingo RubioSpecial Protection Area (Birds Directive)IUCN Not Reported20023 km²
- Estero de Domingo RubioNatura 2000IUCN IV19923 km²
- Dunas del OdielSite of Community Importance (Habitats Directive)IUCN Not Reported1 km²
- Acantilado del AsperilloNatural MonumentIUCN III20010 km²
- Acebuches del RocíoNatural MonumentIUCN III20010 km²
- Pino Centenario del Parador de MazagónNatural MonumentIUCN III20030 km²
WDPA (World Database on Protected Areas) — UNEP-WCMC & IUCN