iSimangaliso Marine Protected Area
IUCN Not ReportedMarine Protected Area · 2019
10 711 km²
Commune · ZAF
Mtubatuba
South Africa
AwTropical, savannah(84 %)
Species observed
4 906
Observations
242 016
Area
1 736km²
Ecological tissue
Sample of 16 species (selected proportionally per kingdom among those with at least one documented interaction here) to keep the graph readable. Hover for details, click to explore the full ecosystem of a species.
ℹ️ The territory contains many more species than displayed and all their documented interactions: the graph is intentionally the structural skeleton (top-N species by composite local score, edges filtered by Serrano 2009 disparity filter α=0.2).
RègnesAnimalPlanteChampignonBacterie
RelationsPredationParasitismeSymbiosePollinisation
StatutEn dangerVulnérableProtégéeEndémique
Indicateurs du tissu écologique
Tissu écologique de Mtubatuba : 14 espèces reliées par 13 interactions GloBI sur 3 types (connectance 10.8%, filtre Serrano α=0.2). 2 bulles taxonomiques (cascade genre/famille GloBI, ≥3 espèces).
Espèces affichées
16
Interactions affichées
13
Connectance
0.108
Patrimoniales
0
Plus dense que (national)0 %(top 100%)
Comparaison sur la connectance du réseau local complet vs distribution nationale (toutes les communes françaises).
Species present
4 906 distinct species · 242 016 observations
Source: GBIF Occurrence snapshot 2026-05-01.
Climate
Mean T°
22,2°C
Annual rain
1 029mm
Warmest m°
28,3°C
Coldest m°
15,2°C
Elevation: 65 m on average (min -12 m, max 302 m)
Bioclimatic details19 BIO + Köppen full + altitude statsExpert
Annual mean temp.
22,2°C
Annual rain
1 029mm
Warmest month
28,3°C
Coldest month
15,2°C
Mean alt.
65m
Min
-12m
Max
302m
Std. dev.
56m
Köppen-Geiger (dominant)
AwTropical, savannah(84 %)Tropical
CHELSA BIO 1-19 v2.1 · ETOPO DEM 60s · Köppen-Geiger 1991-2020 (Beck et al. 2018)
Soil & lithology
pH H₂O
5,9
Org. C
26,7g/kg
Clay
26,2%
Sand
58,7%
Silt
15,1%
Average over 0-30 cm. Per-depth details in expert panel.
Dominant lithology: ssGLiMaggregated to Umkhanyakude
3 soil depths detailed0-5cm / 5-15cm / 15-30cm × 5 propsExpert
0–5 cm
pH H₂O
5,9
Org. C
38,5g/kg
Clay
25,1%
Sand
59,3%
Silt
15,6%
5–15 cm
pH H₂O
5,9
Org. C
24,9g/kg
Clay
26,1%
Sand
58,9%
Silt
15,0%
15–30 cm
pH H₂O
5,9
Org. C
16,7g/kg
Clay
27,3%
Sand
57,9%
Silt
14,8%
SoilGrids 250m (ISRIC, 2017) · GLiM v1.0 (Hartmann & Moosdorf 2012)
Land cover
Forest24.8%
Crops26.4%
Built-up0.9%
Bare soil1.6%
Other (grassland, water…)46.3%
Copernicus Global Land Cover 100m (Buchhorn et al. 2020)
Hydrology6 basins · 10 lakes · 7 rivers
Hydrology metrics for this exact territory
Stream length here
275,6km
Lake surface here
70,44km²
Basins crossed
6
Max stream order
5
Max drainage
10 051km²
Discharge in basins
61,3m³/s
Mean precip.
971mm/an
Mean T°
21,3°C
Moisture idx
-0,29
Mean runoff
222mm/an
Mean elev. (basins)
103m
Watersheds crossing here
- Bassin de Hluhluwesub-area2 720,4 km²overlap785.70 km²45%
- Bassin de Mfolozi Riversub-area1 199,3 km²overlap496.04 km²29%
- Bassin de Hluhluwesub-area556,5 km²overlap421.47 km²24%
- Bassin de Mselenisub-area2 458,3 km²overlap26.22 km²2%
- Basin #12950sub-area395,5 km²overlap5.36 km²0%
- Basin #12930sub-area1,7 km²overlap1.24 km²0%
Lakes (10, top by area)
- St. Luciaarea321,9 km²avg depth16.3 m
- Lake Bhangaziarea2,9 km²avg depth7.9 m
- Lac 1421072area0,5 km²avg depth4.6 m
- Lac 1421091area0,3 km²avg depth5.1 m
- Lac 1421101area0,3 km²avg depth4.8 m
- Lac 1421105area0,2 km²avg depth4.5 m
- Lac 1420873area0,2 km²avg depth0.9 m
- Lac 1420803area0,2 km²avg depth1.0 m
- Lac 1420863area0,1 km²avg depth0.5 m
1 more lakes
Rivers / streams (7, ord ≥ 4)
- Mfolozi Riverord 5len here99.98 km86%total116 km
- Hluhluweord 5len here68.52 km42%total165 km
- Nyalaziord 3len here49.84 km86%total58 km
- Hlazaneord 2len here33.99 km100%total34 km
- Mpateord 3len here9.03 km100%total9 km
- Msunduziord 2len here7.22 km26%total28 km
- Predikantstroomord 1len here7.00 km100%total7 km
Live spatial overlap (cached after first hit) · HydroBASINS lev08 × HydroLAKES × HydroRIVERS v10
Human pressure
Pop. density
1hab/km²
Night light
0,5nW
Built-up
91,8%
Pesticides
17,2kg/km²
GHSL POP/Built 2020 · VIIRS lumière nocturne · PEST-CHEMGRIDS 2020 (Maggi et al.)
Protected areas12
IUCN Not Reported · 10IUCN Not Applicable · 1IUCN II · 1🌊 Marine · 7
iSimangaliso Wetland Park – Maputo National Park
IUCN Not ApplicableWorld Heritage Site (natural or mixed) · 1999
3 977 km²
St. Lucia System
IUCN IIWetland of International Importance (Ramsar Site) · 1986
1 393 km²
Hluhluwe – iMfolozi Park
IUCN Not ReportedNature Reserve · 2012
895 km²
Turtle Beaches/Coral Reefs of Tongaland
IUCN Not ReportedWetland of International Importance (Ramsar Site) · 1986
746 km²
St. Lucia Marine Reserve
IUCN Not ReportedNature Reserve · 1979
465 km²
Complete list12 protected areas
- iSimangaliso Marine Protected AreaMarine Protected AreaIUCN Not Reported201910 711 km²
- iSimangaliso Wetland Park – Maputo National ParkWorld Heritage Site (natural or mixed)IUCN Not Applicable19993 977 km²
- St. Lucia SystemWetland of International Importance (Ramsar Site)IUCN II19861 393 km²
- Hluhluwe – iMfolozi ParkNature ReserveIUCN Not Reported2012895 km²
- Turtle Beaches/Coral Reefs of TongalandWetland of International Importance (Ramsar Site)IUCN Not Reported1986746 km²
- St. Lucia Marine ReserveNature ReserveIUCN Not Reported1979465 km²
- Umfolozi Game ReserveNature ReserveIUCN Not Reported1930445 km²
- St. Lucia Game ParkNature ReserveIUCN Not Reported1916378 km²
- Corridor Game ReserveNature ReserveIUCN Not Reported1989216 km²
- St. Lucia ParkNature ReserveIUCN Not Reported1939156 km²
- Hluhluwe Game ReserveNature ReserveIUCN Not Reported1912144 km²
- Maphelane Nature ReserveForest Nature ReserveIUCN Not Reported198411 km²
WDPA (World Database on Protected Areas) — UNEP-WCMC & IUCN