Lubombo Biosphere Reserve
IUCN Not ApplicableUNESCO-MAB Biosphere Reserve · 2019
2 478 km²
Constituency · SWZ
Mhlume
Swaziland
BShArid, steppe, hot(99 %)
Species observed
1 993
Observations
38 113
Area
792,9km²
Ecological tissue
Sample of 16 species (selected proportionally per kingdom among those with at least one documented interaction here) to keep the graph readable. Hover for details, click to explore the full ecosystem of a species.
ℹ️ The territory contains many more species than displayed and all their documented interactions: the graph is intentionally the structural skeleton (top-N species by composite local score, edges filtered by Serrano 2009 disparity filter α=0.2).
RègnesAnimalPlanteChampignonBacterie
RelationsPredationParasitismeSymbiosePollinisation
StatutEn dangerVulnérableProtégéeEndémique
Indicateurs du tissu écologique
Tissu écologique de Mhlume : 15 espèces dont 1 patrimoniale (LR IUCN CR/EN/VU) reliées par 10 interactions GloBI sur 3 types (connectance 8.3%, filtre Serrano α=0.2). 1 bulle taxonomique (cascade genre/famille GloBI, ≥3 espèces).
Espèces affichées
16
Interactions affichées
10
Connectance
0.083
Patrimoniales
1
Plus dense que (national)0 %(top 100%)
Comparaison sur la connectance du réseau local complet vs distribution nationale (toutes les communes françaises).
Species present
1 993 distinct species · 38 113 observations
Source: GBIF Occurrence snapshot 2026-05-01.
Climate
Mean T°
22,0°C
Annual rain
700mm
Warmest m°
30,1°C
Coldest m°
11,3°C
Elevation: 263 m on average (min 152 m, max 532 m)
Bioclimatic details19 BIO + Köppen full + altitude statsExpert
Annual mean temp.
22,0°C
Annual rain
700mm
Warmest month
30,1°C
Coldest month
11,3°C
Mean alt.
263m
Min
152m
Max
532m
Std. dev.
47m
Köppen-Geiger (dominant)
BShArid, steppe, hot(99 %)Arid
CHELSA BIO 1-19 v2.1 · ETOPO DEM 60s · Köppen-Geiger 1991-2020 (Beck et al. 2018)
Soil & lithology
pH H₂O
6,4
Org. C
16,3g/kg
Clay
34,0%
Sand
46,1%
Silt
19,8%
Average over 0-30 cm. Per-depth details in expert panel.
Dominant lithology: paGLiM
3 soil depths detailed0-5cm / 5-15cm / 15-30cm × 5 propsExpert
0–5 cm
pH H₂O
6,4
Org. C
20,7g/kg
Clay
33,4%
Sand
46,3%
Silt
20,3%
5–15 cm
pH H₂O
6,4
Org. C
15,8g/kg
Clay
33,8%
Sand
46,5%
Silt
19,7%
15–30 cm
pH H₂O
6,4
Org. C
12,3g/kg
Clay
34,9%
Sand
45,6%
Silt
19,5%
SoilGrids 250m (ISRIC, 2017) · GLiM v1.0 (Hartmann & Moosdorf 2012)
Land cover
Forest31.0%
Crops24.0%
Built-up0.3%
Bare soil0.3%
Other (grassland, water…)44.5%
Copernicus Global Land Cover 100m (Buchhorn et al. 2020)
Hydrology5 basins · 2 lakes · 5 rivers
Hydrology metrics for this exact territory
Stream length here
82,4km
Lake surface here
8,30km²
Basins crossed
5
Max stream order
4
Max drainage
8 822km²
Discharge in basins
16,4m³/s
Mean precip.
839mm/an
Mean T°
20,9°C
Moisture idx
-0,43
Mean runoff
184mm/an
Mean elev. (basins)
478m
Watersheds crossing here
Lakes (2, top by area)
Rivers / streams (5, ord ≥ 4)
Live spatial overlap (cached after first hit) · HydroBASINS lev08 × HydroLAKES × HydroRIVERS v10
Human pressure
Pop. density
0hab/km²
Night light
0,4nW
Built-up
24,8%
Pesticides
10,3kg/km²
GHSL POP/Built 2020 · VIIRS lumière nocturne · PEST-CHEMGRIDS 2020 (Maggi et al.)
Protected areas5
IUCN Not Applicable · 2IUCN II · 2IUCN Not Reported · 1
Hlane Royal National Park
IUCN IINational Park · 1967
217 km²
Mlawula Nature Reserve
IUCN IINature Reserve · 1977
161 km²
Shewula
IUCN Not ApplicableOECM · 2020
32 km²
Sand River Dam
IUCN Not ReportedWetland of International Importance (Ramsar Site) · 2013
8 km²
WDPA (World Database on Protected Areas) — UNEP-WCMC & IUCN