Monte Sole
IUCN Not ReportedSpecial Areas of Conservation (Habitats Directive) · 2019
65 km²
Commune · ITA
Marzabotto
Italy
CfaTemperate, no dry season, hot summer(98 %)
Species observed
863
Observations
2 566
Area
74,5km²
Ecological tissue
Sample of 41 species (selected proportionally per kingdom among those with at least one documented interaction here) to keep the graph readable. Hover for details, click to explore the full ecosystem of a species.
ℹ️ The territory contains many more species than displayed and all their documented interactions: the graph is intentionally the structural skeleton (top-N species by composite local score, edges filtered by Serrano 2009 disparity filter α=0.2).
RègnesAnimalPlanteChampignonBacterie
RelationsPredationParasitismeSymbiosePollinisation
StatutEn dangerVulnérableProtégéeEndémique
Indicateurs du tissu écologique
Tissu écologique de Marzabotto : 31 espèces dont 1 patrimoniale (LR IUCN CR/EN/VU) reliées par 113 interactions GloBI sur 4 types (connectance 13.1%, filtre Serrano α=0.2). 11 bulles taxonomiques (cascade genre/famille GloBI, ≥3 espèces).
Espèces affichées
42
Interactions affichées
113
Connectance
0.131
Patrimoniales
1
Plus dense que (national)0 %(top 100%)
Comparaison sur la connectance du réseau local complet vs distribution nationale (toutes les communes françaises).
Species present
863 distinct species · 2 566 observations
Source: GBIF Occurrence snapshot 2026-05-01.
Climate
Mean T°
13,1°C
Annual rain
798mm
Warmest m°
28,5°C
Coldest m°
-0,3°C
Elevation: 330 m on average (min 150 m, max 642 m)
Bioclimatic details19 BIO + Köppen full + altitude statsExpert
Annual mean temp.
13,1°C
Annual rain
798mm
Warmest month
28,5°C
Coldest month
-0,3°C
Mean alt.
330m
Min
150m
Max
642m
Std. dev.
114m
Köppen-Geiger (dominant)
CfaTemperate, no dry season, hot summer(98 %)Temperate
CHELSA BIO 1-19 v2.1 · ETOPO DEM 60s · Köppen-Geiger 1991-2020 (Beck et al. 2018)
Soil & lithology
pH H₂O
7,0
Org. C
34,8g/kg
Clay
38,0%
Sand
19,5%
Silt
42,5%
Average over 0-30 cm. Per-depth details in expert panel.
Dominant lithology: scGLiMaggregated to Bologna
3 soil depths detailed0-5cm / 5-15cm / 15-30cm × 5 propsExpert
0–5 cm
pH H₂O
6,9
Org. C
59,1g/kg
Clay
37,4%
Sand
20,1%
Silt
42,5%
5–15 cm
pH H₂O
7,0
Org. C
25,5g/kg
Clay
37,9%
Sand
19,0%
Silt
43,2%
15–30 cm
pH H₂O
7,0
Org. C
19,6g/kg
Clay
38,8%
Sand
19,5%
Silt
41,8%
SoilGrids 250m (ISRIC, 2017) · GLiM v1.0 (Hartmann & Moosdorf 2012)
Land cover
Forest49.2%
Crops13.2%
Built-up0.8%
Bare soil1.2%
Other (grassland, water…)35.6%
Copernicus Global Land Cover 100m (Buchhorn et al. 2020)
Hydrology2 basins · 0 lakes · 5 rivers
Hydrology metrics for this exact territory
Stream length here
26,0km
Basins crossed
2
Max stream order
4
Max drainage
1 256km²
Discharge in basins
1,0m³/s
Mean precip.
888mm/an
Mean T°
11,2°C
Moisture idx
0,06
Max snow
7%
Mean runoff
417mm/an
Mean elev. (basins)
532m
Watersheds crossing here
Rivers / streams (5, ord ≥ 4)
Live spatial overlap (cached after first hit) · HydroBASINS lev08 × HydroLAKES × HydroRIVERS v10
Human pressure
Pop. density
1hab/km²
Night light
1,3nW
Built-up
76,9%
Pesticides
29,3kg/km²
GHSL POP/Built 2020 · VIIRS lumière nocturne · PEST-CHEMGRIDS 2020 (Maggi et al.)
Protected areas4
IUCN Not Reported · 3IUCN IV · 1
Parco regionale storico di Monte Sole
IUCN IVRegional/Provincial Nature Park · 1989
25 km²
Monte Radicchio, Rupe di Calvenzano
IUCN Not ReportedSpecial Protection Area (Birds Directive) · 2012
14 km²
Monte Radicchio, Rupe di Calvenzano
IUCN Not ReportedSpecial Areas of Conservation (Habitats Directive) · 2019
14 km²
WDPA (World Database on Protected Areas) — UNEP-WCMC & IUCN