Ontologia

City · IDN

Manado

Indonesia

AfTropical, rainforest(100 %)

Species observed

1 221

Observations

4 622

Area

163,1km²

Ecological tissue

Sample of 32 species (selected proportionally per kingdom among those with at least one documented interaction here) to keep the graph readable. Hover for details, click to explore the full ecosystem of a species.

ℹ️ The territory contains many more species than displayed and all their documented interactions: the graph is intentionally the structural skeleton (top-N species by composite local score, edges filtered by Serrano 2009 disparity filter α=0.2).

RègnesAnimalPlanteChampignonBacterie
RelationsPredationParasitismeSymbiosePollinisation
StatutEn dangerVulnérableProtégéeEndémique

Indicateurs du tissu écologique

Tissu écologique de Manado : 27 espèces dont 2 patrimoniales (LR IUCN CR/EN/VU) reliées par 32 interactions GloBI sur 4 types (connectance 6.1%, filtre Serrano α=0.2). 6 bulles taxonomiques (cascade genre/famille GloBI, ≥3 espèces).

Espèces affichées
33
Interactions affichées
32
Connectance
0.061
Patrimoniales
2
Plus dense que (national)0 %(top 100%)

Comparaison sur la connectance du réseau local complet vs distribution nationale (toutes les communes françaises).

Species present

1 221 distinct species · 4 622 observations

Source: GBIF Occurrence snapshot 2026-05-01.

Densité d'observations

4 622 obs · 2 cellules
Obs. / cellule
≥ 3 550
3 550–3 549
3 550–3 549
3 550–3 549
< 3 550

Source : GBIF — observations agrégées par hexagones 0.027° × 0.027° (~22km), filtre précision coordonnée < 10 km. Fond carte : OpenFreeMap · © OpenStreetMap.

Climate

Mean T°

26,6°C

Annual rain

2 974mm

Warmest m°

29,1°C

Coldest m°

24,2°C

Elevation: 68 m on average (min -115 m, max 320 m)

Bioclimatic detailsExpert
Annual mean temp.
26,6°C
Annual rain
2 974mm
Warmest month
29,1°C
Coldest month
24,2°C
Mean alt.
68m
Min
-115m
Max
320m
Std. dev.
65m
Köppen-Geiger (dominant)
AfTropical, rainforest(100 %)Tropical

CHELSA BIO 1-19 v2.1 · ETOPO DEM 60s · Köppen-Geiger 1991-2020 (Beck et al. 2018)

Soil & lithology

pH H₂O

5,2

Org. C

58,8g/kg

Clay

40,2%

Sand

24,4%

Silt

35,4%

Average over 0-30 cm. Per-depth details in expert panel.

Dominant lithology: viGLiM

3 soil depths detailedExpert
0–5 cm
pH H₂O
5,2
Org. C
65,2g/kg
Clay
39,3%
Sand
25,1%
Silt
35,6%
5–15 cm
pH H₂O
5,2
Org. C
58,3g/kg
Clay
39,6%
Sand
24,4%
Silt
36,0%
15–30 cm
pH H₂O
5,2
Org. C
53,0g/kg
Clay
41,5%
Sand
23,8%
Silt
34,7%

SoilGrids 250m (ISRIC, 2017) · GLiM v1.0 (Hartmann & Moosdorf 2012)

Land cover

Forest52.9%
Crops0.7%
Built-up9.3%
Bare soil0.1%
Other (grassland, water…)36.9%

Copernicus Global Land Cover 100m (Buchhorn et al. 2020)

Hydrology1 basins · 0 lakes · 4 rivers

Hydrology metrics for this exact territory

Stream length here

24,8km

Basins crossed

1

Max stream order

4

Max drainage

26 188km²

Discharge in basins

0,0m³/s

Mean precip.

2 022mm/an

Mean T°

24,5°C

Moisture idx

0,23

Mean runoff

846mm/an

Mean elev. (basins)

434m

Watersheds crossing here

Live spatial overlap (cached after first hit) · HydroBASINS lev08 × HydroLAKES × HydroRIVERS v10

Human pressure

Pop. density

23hab/km²

Night light

6,6nW

Built-up

934,5%

Pesticides

0,6kg/km²

GHSL POP/Built 2020 · VIIRS lumière nocturne · PEST-CHEMGRIDS 2020 (Maggi et al.)

Protected areas3

IUCN Not Reported · 2IUCN II · 1🌊 Marine · 2

Bunaken

IUCN II

Marine National Park

739 km²

Kota Manado

IUCN Not Reported

Marine Protected Area · 2017

183 km²

WDPA (World Database on Protected Areas) — UNEP-WCMC & IUCN

Sub-administrations34