Serra da Estrela
IUCN VNature Park · 1976
891 km²
Commune · PRT
Maçainhas
Portugal
CsbTemperate, dry summer, warm summer(100 %)
Species observed
621
Observations
3 341
Area
12,2km²
Ecological tissue
Sample of 29 species (selected proportionally per kingdom among those with at least one documented interaction here) to keep the graph readable. Hover for details, click to explore the full ecosystem of a species.
ℹ️ The territory contains many more species than displayed and all their documented interactions: the graph is intentionally the structural skeleton (top-N species by composite local score, edges filtered by Serrano 2009 disparity filter α=0.2).
RègnesAnimalPlanteChampignonBacterie
RelationsPredationParasitismeSymbiosePollinisation
StatutEn dangerVulnérableProtégéeEndémique
Indicateurs du tissu écologique
Tissu écologique de Maçainhas : 18 espèces reliées par 82 interactions GloBI sur 5 types (connectance 20.2%, filtre Serrano α=0.2). 11 bulles taxonomiques (cascade genre/famille GloBI, ≥3 espèces).
Espèces affichées
29
Interactions affichées
82
Connectance
0.202
Patrimoniales
0
Plus dense que (national)0 %(top 100%)
Comparaison sur la connectance du réseau local complet vs distribution nationale (toutes les communes françaises).
Species present
621 distinct species · 3 341 observations
Source: GBIF Occurrence snapshot 2026-05-01.
Climate
Mean T°
12,0°C
Annual rain
1 024mm
Warmest m°
26,9°C
Coldest m°
0,9°C
Elevation: 860 m on average (min 548 m, max 977 m)
Bioclimatic details19 BIO + Köppen full + altitude statsExpert
Annual mean temp.
12,0°C
Annual rain
1 024mm
Warmest month
26,9°C
Coldest month
0,9°C
Mean alt.
860m
Min
548m
Max
977m
Std. dev.
82m
Köppen-Geiger (dominant)
CsbTemperate, dry summer, warm summer(100 %)Temperate
CHELSA BIO 1-19 v2.1 · ETOPO DEM 60s · Köppen-Geiger 1991-2020 (Beck et al. 2018)
Soil & lithology
pH H₂O
5,4
Org. C
44,1g/kg
Clay
12,3%
Sand
55,6%
Silt
32,2%
Average over 0-30 cm. Per-depth details in expert panel.
Dominant lithology: paGLiMaggregated to Guarda
3 soil depths detailed0-5cm / 5-15cm / 15-30cm × 5 propsExpert
0–5 cm
pH H₂O
5,4
Org. C
71,1g/kg
Clay
12,0%
Sand
55,6%
Silt
32,4%
5–15 cm
pH H₂O
5,4
Org. C
34,7g/kg
Clay
11,2%
Sand
56,1%
Silt
32,7%
15–30 cm
pH H₂O
5,4
Org. C
26,4g/kg
Clay
13,6%
Sand
55,1%
Silt
31,3%
SoilGrids 250m (ISRIC, 2017) · GLiM v1.0 (Hartmann & Moosdorf 2012)
Land cover
Forest16.3%
Crops5.4%
Built-up1.3%
Bare soil5.5%
Other (grassland, water…)71.5%
Copernicus Global Land Cover 100m (Buchhorn et al. 2020)
Hydrology2 basins · 1 lakes · 1 rivers
Hydrology metrics for this exact territory
Stream length here
1,4km
Lake surface here
0,24km²
Basins crossed
2
Max stream order
1
Max drainage
2 513km²
Discharge in basins
0,2m³/s
Mean precip.
1 107mm/an
Mean T°
13,6°C
Moisture idx
0,06
Max snow
2%
Mean runoff
481mm/an
Mean elev. (basins)
544m
Watersheds crossing here
Lakes (1, top by area)
Rivers / streams (1, ord ≥ 4)
Live spatial overlap (cached after first hit) · HydroBASINS lev08 × HydroLAKES × HydroRIVERS v10
Human pressure
Pop. density
1hab/km²
Night light
2,3nW
Built-up
130,4%
Pesticides
40,6kg/km²
GHSL POP/Built 2020 · VIIRS lumière nocturne · PEST-CHEMGRIDS 2020 (Maggi et al.)
Protected areas2
IUCN V · 1IUCN Not Reported · 1
Serra da Estrela
IUCN Not ReportedSite of Community Importance (Habitats Directive) · 2008
885 km²
WDPA (World Database on Protected Areas) — UNEP-WCMC & IUCN