uThukela Marine Protected Area
IUCN Not ReportedMarine Protected Area · 2019
4 099 km²
District Municipality · ZAF
iLembe
South Africa
CfaTemperate, no dry season, hot summer(86 %)
Species observed
5 348
Observations
191 926
Area
3 266,5km²
Ecological tissue
Sample of 23 species (selected proportionally per kingdom among those with at least one documented interaction here) to keep the graph readable. Hover for details, click to explore the full ecosystem of a species.
ℹ️ The territory contains many more species than displayed and all their documented interactions: the graph is intentionally the structural skeleton (top-N species by composite local score, edges filtered by Serrano 2009 disparity filter α=0.2).
RègnesAnimalPlanteChampignonBacterie
RelationsPredationParasitismeSymbiosePollinisation
StatutEn dangerVulnérableProtégéeEndémique
Indicateurs du tissu écologique
Tissu écologique de iLembe : 22 espèces dont 1 patrimoniale (LR IUCN CR/EN/VU) reliées par 18 interactions GloBI sur 3 types (connectance 7.1%, filtre Serrano α=0.2). 1 bulle taxonomique (cascade genre/famille GloBI, ≥3 espèces).
Espèces affichées
23
Interactions affichées
18
Connectance
0.071
Patrimoniales
1
Plus dense que (national)0 %(top 100%)
Comparaison sur la connectance du réseau local complet vs distribution nationale (toutes les communes françaises).
Species present
5 348 distinct species · 191 926 observations
Source: GBIF Occurrence snapshot 2026-05-01.
Climate
Mean T°
19,9°C
Annual rain
1 011mm
Warmest m°
27,3°C
Coldest m°
10,7°C
Elevation: 340 m on average (min -15 m, max 1 113 m)
Bioclimatic details19 BIO + Köppen full + altitude statsExpert
Annual mean temp.
19,9°C
Annual rain
1 011mm
Warmest month
27,3°C
Coldest month
10,7°C
Mean alt.
340m
Min
-15m
Max
1 113m
Std. dev.
235m
Köppen-Geiger (dominant)
CfaTemperate, no dry season, hot summer(86 %)Temperate
CHELSA BIO 1-19 v2.1 · ETOPO DEM 60s · Köppen-Geiger 1991-2020 (Beck et al. 2018)
Soil & lithology
pH H₂O
5,8
Org. C
24,4g/kg
Clay
28,8%
Sand
51,4%
Silt
19,8%
Average over 0-30 cm. Per-depth details in expert panel.
Dominant lithology: ssGLiM
3 soil depths detailed0-5cm / 5-15cm / 15-30cm × 5 propsExpert
0–5 cm
pH H₂O
5,8
Org. C
33,4g/kg
Clay
27,3%
Sand
52,4%
Silt
20,3%
5–15 cm
pH H₂O
5,8
Org. C
23,2g/kg
Clay
27,5%
Sand
52,8%
Silt
19,7%
15–30 cm
pH H₂O
5,8
Org. C
16,7g/kg
Clay
31,7%
Sand
49,0%
Silt
19,3%
SoilGrids 250m (ISRIC, 2017) · GLiM v1.0 (Hartmann & Moosdorf 2012)
Land cover
Forest26.9%
Crops22.0%
Built-up1.7%
Bare soil1.7%
Other (grassland, water…)47.6%
Copernicus Global Land Cover 100m (Buchhorn et al. 2020)
Hydrology11 basins · 0 lakes · 27 rivers
Hydrology metrics for this exact territory
Stream length here
547,9km
Basins crossed
11
Max stream order
6
Max drainage
29 196km²
Discharge in basins
63,5m³/s
Mean precip.
951mm/an
Mean T°
19,2°C
Moisture idx
-0,28
Mean runoff
297mm/an
Mean elev. (basins)
456m
Watersheds crossing here
- Bassin de Mvotisub-area2 724,9 km²overlap886.17 km²27%
- Bassin de Tugela Riversub-area1 366,7 km²overlap753.72 km²23%
- Bassin de Matigulusub-area1 622,2 km²overlap329.00 km²10%
- Bassin de Tongatisub-area396,1 km²overlap303.69 km²9%
- Bassin de Mdloti Riversub-area490,7 km²overlap297.95 km²9%
- Bassin de Nonotisub-area298,6 km²overlap291.21 km²9%
- Bassin de Mhalalisub-area249,9 km²overlap249.53 km²8%
- Bassin de uMngeni Riversub-area967,9 km²overlap73.23 km²2%
- Bassin de Tugela Riversub-area954,8 km²overlap32.92 km²1%
2 more basinssorted by overlap
Rivers / streams (27, ord ≥ 4)
- Tugela Riverord 6len here94.54 km14%total689 km
- Mvotiord 4len here92.04 km45%total206 km
- Hlimbitwaord 4len here60.09 km52%total116 km
- Mdloti Riverord 3len here48.64 km59%total83 km
- Mhalaliord 3len here36.20 km100%total36 km
- Matiguluord 3len here33.75 km30%total113 km
- Tongatiord 3len here22.43 km66%total34 km
- Monaord 2len here22.08 km100%total22 km
- Nonotiord 2len here15.67 km99%total16 km
- Mambuluord 2len here14.68 km69%total21 km
- Zinkwazi Riverord 1len here12.34 km100%total12 km
- KwaBiyelaord 1len here12.13 km89%total14 km
15 more river segmentssorted by Strahler order + length
- KwaNgqakalaord 2len here11.02 km100%total11 km
- Mbozamoord 2len here10.80 km100%total11 km
- Nsuzeord 3len here10.65 km100%total11 km
- Mdlotiord 1len here9.03 km100%total9 km
- Nyoniord 2len here7.33 km100%total7 km
- Pambelaord 2len here5.88 km100%total6 km
- Nyezaneord 3len here5.65 km86%total7 km
- Msunduziord 2len here5.29 km100%total5 km
- Woshiord 1len here5.10 km100%total5 km
- Imvutshane Riverord 2len here4.10 km100%total4 km
- KwaNongqaziord 1len here3.84 km100%total4 km
- Mholweniord 1len here3.48 km100%total3 km
- Mdloti streamord 1len here1.01 km100%total1 km
- Madidimaord 1len here0.16 km3%total6 km
- Nsuzeord 3len here≈ tangenttotal130 km
Live spatial overlap (cached after first hit) · HydroBASINS lev08 × HydroLAKES × HydroRIVERS v10
Human pressure
Pop. density
1hab/km²
Night light
0,9nW
Built-up
172,1%
Pesticides
23,4kg/km²
GHSL POP/Built 2020 · VIIRS lumière nocturne · PEST-CHEMGRIDS 2020 (Maggi et al.)
Protected areas7
IUCN Not Reported · 7🌊 Marine · 3
Umlalazi Nature Reserve
IUCN Not ReportedNature Reserve · 1948
15 km²
Amatikulu Nature Reserve
IUCN Not ReportedNature Reserve · 1987
14 km²
Umgavusa Protected Environment
IUCN Not ReportedProtected Environment · 2023
10 km²
Red Hill Nature Reserve
IUCN Not ReportedNature Reserve · 1992
2 km²
Harold Johnson Nature Reserve
IUCN Not ReportedNature Reserve · 1967
1 km²
Complete list7 protected areas
- uThukela Marine Protected AreaMarine Protected AreaIUCN Not Reported20194 099 km²
- Umlalazi Nature ReserveNature ReserveIUCN Not Reported194815 km²
- Amatikulu Nature ReserveNature ReserveIUCN Not Reported198714 km²
- Umgavusa Protected EnvironmentProtected EnvironmentIUCN Not Reported202310 km²
- Red Hill Nature ReserveNature ReserveIUCN Not Reported19922 km²
- Harold Johnson Nature ReserveNature ReserveIUCN Not Reported19671 km²
- Meycol Nature ReserveNature ReserveIUCN Not Reported20191 km²
WDPA (World Database on Protected Areas) — UNEP-WCMC & IUCN