Makalu-Barun
IUCN IINational Park · 1991
1 388 km²
Subdivision · NPL
Bung
Nepal
ETPolar, tundra(49 %)
Species observed
125
Observations
214
Area
131,2km²
Ecological tissue
Sample of 32 species (selected proportionally per kingdom among those with at least one documented interaction here) to keep the graph readable. Hover for details, click to explore the full ecosystem of a species.
ℹ️ The territory contains many more species than displayed and all their documented interactions: the graph is intentionally the structural skeleton (top-N species by composite local score, edges filtered by Serrano 2009 disparity filter α=0.2).
RègnesAnimalPlanteChampignonBacterie
RelationsPredationParasitismeSymbiosePollinisation
StatutEn dangerVulnérableProtégéeEndémique
Indicateurs du tissu écologique
Tissu écologique de Bung : 30 espèces reliées par 32 interactions GloBI sur 5 types (connectance 6.5%, filtre Serrano α=0.2). 2 bulles taxonomiques (cascade genre/famille GloBI, ≥3 espèces).
Espèces affichées
32
Interactions affichées
32
Connectance
0.065
Patrimoniales
0
Plus dense que (national)0 %(top 100%)
Comparaison sur la connectance du réseau local complet vs distribution nationale (toutes les communes françaises).
Species present
125 distinct species · 214 observations
Source: GBIF Occurrence snapshot 2026-05-01.
Climate
Mean T°
2,8°C
Annual rain
2 718mm
Warmest m°
12,4°C
Coldest m°
-14,2°C
Elevation: 3 793 m on average (min 1 416 m, max 6 019 m)
Bioclimatic details19 BIO + Köppen full + altitude statsExpert
Annual mean temp.
2,8°C
Annual rain
2 718mm
Warmest month
12,4°C
Coldest month
-14,2°C
Mean alt.
3 793m
Min
1 416m
Max
6 019m
Std. dev.
1 166m
Köppen-Geiger (dominant)
ETPolar, tundra(49 %)Polar
CHELSA BIO 1-19 v2.1 · ETOPO DEM 60s · Köppen-Geiger 1991-2020 (Beck et al. 2018)
Soil & lithology
pH H₂O
6,0
Org. C
54,9g/kg
Clay
17,3%
Sand
51,8%
Silt
30,9%
Average over 0-30 cm. Per-depth details in expert panel.
Dominant lithology: ssGLiMaggregated to Sagarmatha
3 soil depths detailed0-5cm / 5-15cm / 15-30cm × 5 propsExpert
0–5 cm
pH H₂O
6,0
Org. C
75,7g/kg
Clay
17,3%
Sand
51,7%
Silt
31,0%
5–15 cm
pH H₂O
6,0
Org. C
53,1g/kg
Clay
17,2%
Sand
51,8%
Silt
30,9%
15–30 cm
pH H₂O
6,0
Org. C
36,0g/kg
Clay
17,4%
Sand
51,9%
Silt
30,7%
SoilGrids 250m (ISRIC, 2017) · GLiM v1.0 (Hartmann & Moosdorf 2012)
Land cover
Forest32.0%
Crops3.3%
Built-up0.1%
Bare soil15.1%
Other (grassland, water…)49.5%
Copernicus Global Land Cover 100m (Buchhorn et al. 2020)
Hydrology2 basins · 1 lakes · 4 rivers
Hydrology metrics for this exact territory
Stream length here
24,3km
Lake surface here
0,20km²
Basins crossed
2
Max stream order
3
Max drainage
2 007km²
Discharge in basins
10,8m³/s
Mean precip.
1 267mm/an
Mean T°
5,3°C
Moisture idx
0,15
Max snow
22%
Mean runoff
1 356mm/an
Mean elev. (basins)
3 661m
Watersheds crossing here
Lakes (1, top by area)
Rivers / streams (4, ord ≥ 4)
Live spatial overlap (cached after first hit) · HydroBASINS lev08 × HydroLAKES × HydroRIVERS v10
Human pressure
Pop. density
0hab/km²
Night light
0,0nW
Built-up
8,4%
Pesticides
0,8kg/km²
GHSL POP/Built 2020 · VIIRS lumière nocturne · PEST-CHEMGRIDS 2020 (Maggi et al.)
Protected areas3
IUCN VI · 2IUCN II · 1
Makalu-Barun - Buffer Zone
IUCN VINational Park - Buffer Zone · 1999
780 km²
Sagarmatha - Buffer Zone
IUCN VINational Park - Buffer Zone · 2002
344 km²
WDPA (World Database on Protected Areas) — UNEP-WCMC & IUCN