Buff tailed bumblebee
Bombus terrestris(Linnaeus, 1758)
1 photo · Licences CC (Wikimedia Commons / iNaturalist)Click pour agrandir
Pays · région · aire protégée · écorégion · biome
Chargement du graphe…
Indicateurs du réseau écologique
Comment lire ce graphe
Ce graphe représente les interactions écologiques documentées entre Bombus terrestris et d'autres espèces, à partir de la base GloBI (Global Biotic Interactions, agrégation mondiale de la littérature scientifique) — source principale, complétée par d'autres jeux de données d'interactions agrégés par Ontologia. Il faut le comprendre comme une carte du savoir documenté, pas une carte de la réalité écologique exhaustive.
Limites principales
- Incomplet. La majorité des interactions écologiques en milieu naturel n'ont jamais été publiées. Une espèce sans liens visibles n'est pas isolée — elle est probablement mal étudiée.
- Biais publication pharmaco-agronomique. La littérature des interactions est polarisée par les enjeux économiques et sanitaires : parasitism / pathogen sur-pondéré sur les mammifères (recherche zoonoses, vecteurs), herbivory sur-pondéré sur les insectes phytophages (entomologie agronomique). À l'inverse, mutualisms, commensalisms et interactions sol/microbiote sont sous-cités. Conseil de lecture : sur les hubs mammifères ou les insectes ravageurs de culture, lire les arêtes parasitism / herbivory dominantes relativement au contexte de littérature, pas comme une mesure d'intensité écologique brute. Détails §10.1.
- Biaisé vers les espèces étudiées. Quelques espèces (oiseaux communs, abeille mellifère, espèces modèles) concentrent disproportionnellement plus d'interactions documentées. Notre score composite ajoute un malus aux hubs de littérature pour atténuer cette dominance visuelle.
- Interactions documentées globalement. Toutes les espèces affichées sont observées en France métropolitaine (les observations sont filtrées sur le territoire métropolitain), mais les interactions entre elles proviennent de la littérature scientifique mondiale. Une interaction documentée à l'étranger peut ne pas se réaliser à l'identique sur votre territoire. Le filtre « restreindre à ma commune » tient compte de la co-occurrence spatiale locale mais ne garantit pas l'interaction effective.
- Sans dimension temporelle. Les variations saisonnières (migration, floraison, cycle de vie) ne sont pas modélisées.
- Force d'interaction approximative. L'épaisseur des liens reflète le nombre de fois où l'interaction a été rapportée dans la littérature, pas son importance écologique réelle.
Comment nous sélectionnons les espèces affichées
Le graphe affiche au plus 31 nœuds par fiche (1 centre + 15 bulles depth=1 + 15 partenaires depth=2). Le serveur sélectionne intelligemment :
- Bulles famille créées si une cascade taxonomique existe ou si ≥3 espèces directement documentées partagent une même famille — les espèces sont absorbées dans la bulle (pas de doublon visuel)
- Espèces individuelles uniquement quand <3 dans une famille (sans cascade) — relations directes documentées
- Pas d'espèces inférées affichées en doublon — les cascades sont représentées via les bulles famille uniquement
- Partenaires depth=2 sélectionnés via algo priorité : candidat partagé par ≥2 docs de la famille (food web central) → reliant entre bulles → top sum_obs en dernier recours
- Sous-types GloBI traduits en français au survol de la flèche (chasse, parasite, parasitoïde, mycorhize…)
Le toggle Profondeur 1 ↔ 2 client-side cache ou affiche les partenaires depth=2 sans refetch. Filtres règne, type d'interaction, ordres/familles, patrimoniales et commune recalculent côté serveur (slow path live ~1-2 s).
Indicateurs avancés (mode expert) : Modularité Q (Newman 2006, PNAS), communautés (Louvain, Blondel et al. 2008, J. Stat. Mech.), nestedness NODF (Almeida-Neto et al. 2008, Oikos).
Source : GloBI · TAXREF v18 (INPN/MNHN) · BDC-Statuts · Wikidata
1 727 partenaires écologiques documentés directement dans GloBI.
Partenaires
1 727
Espèces avec interactions documentées
Types d'interactions
14
Prédation, pollinisation, parasitisme…
Connectance
0.095
Densité des liens dans le sous-graphe affiché
Rang animalia
100 %
Percentile vs ensemble des animalia
Liste rouge IUCN
LC · Préoccupation mineure↗Croissante- Évaluation
- 2025 · v3.1
- Altitude
- – m
- Profondeur
- – m
État de la populationTexte officiel évaluation IUCNExpert
Bombus terrestris is common, widespread and its global distribution is expanding. It has recently been reported as reaching Narvik (Norway) and Kiruna (Sweden) regions above the Arctic Circle (Martinet et al. 2015).
Menaces identifiées(2 menaces classées CMP-IUCN)
12_1Other threatUnknownMinority (<50%)Ongoing8_3Introduced genetic materialUnknownMinority (<50%)Ongoing
Description complète des menacesTexte détaillé évaluation IUCNExpert
In their synthetic book “Bumblebees of Europe and neighbouring regions”, Rasmont et al. (2021) did not express concern about the conservation of B. terrestris. Data collected in the last decades do not suggest any decline of its populations, and even suggest local patterns of spatial expansion in the northern part of its European range.
Results from climate and land use change modeling, however, suggest that B. terrestris is expected to lose a significant part of climatically suitable territories by the end of the century. Under the most severe climate change scenario modeled by Rasmont et al. (2015) (GRAS), the species could lose up to 71% of climatically suitable areas by 2100 (under a no dispersal model, and up to 56% under a full dispersal model). The latter authors placed the species into the category “High climate change risk”, reflecting the potential risk of climate change on this species. Projections of ecological niche models by Ghisbain et al. (2023), considering both land use change and climate change, predict an increase in ecologically suitable areas for B. terrestris in Europe by 2061-2080 (up to 13% under the SSP5-8.5 scenario), which appears to better match the currently observed populations trends of the species. The potential for B. terrestris to successfully disperse in the areas that will remain climatically and/or ecologically suitable is high, as the species was recently shown to perform large scale migrations (Fijen et al. 2021). It remains unpredictable, however, whether the areas that are projected to appear “suitable” for the species in the future will remain clear of additional anthropogenic stressors not considered in the models of Rasmont et al. (2015) and Ghisbain et al. (2023). These additional (and likely synergistic) pressures include infrastructure development (for tourism and transport), pesticide use, pollution (by nitrogen and its subsequent impact on nitrophobic flowering plants, or by heavy metals), the spread of exotic invasive plants, the invasion of managed species and subsequent pathogen spillover, among other potential stressors known to substantially impact bumblebee populations.
It is also unclear whether climatic events not considered in the models of Rasmont et al. (2015) and Ghisbain et al. (2023), such as the increased occurrence of droughts, heat waves, or storms will also modify the future range of this species. The work of Martinet et al. (2021) demonstrated that the resistance of B. terrestris to acute heat stress (measured as the average time the species resists to a thermal stress of 40°C) is amongst the highest in the bumblebees they tested, which could help the species face future challenges related to increased temperatures and occurrence of extreme meteorological events. Works this species have demonstrated impaired cognition at elevated temperature (Gérard et al. 2022).
A likely threat comes from the genetic contamination of local (and especially insular) gene pools by escapes from commercial greenhouses.
It is worth noting that introductions of this species both inside and outside its known range are widely considered at least a potential threat to other bumblebees (Peredo-Alvarez et al. 2014, Owen et al. 2016). The same threat is also present at the subspecies level (Cejas et al. 2018, 2020).
Results from climate and land use change modeling, however, suggest that B. terrestris is expected to lose a significant part of climatically suitable territories by the end of the century. Under the most severe climate change scenario modeled by Rasmont et al. (2015) (GRAS), the species could lose up to 71% of climatically suitable areas by 2100 (under a no dispersal model, and up to 56% under a full dispersal model). The latter authors placed the species into the category “High climate change risk”, reflecting the potential risk of climate change on this species. Projections of ecological niche models by Ghisbain et al. (2023), considering both land use change and climate change, predict an increase in ecologically suitable areas for B. terrestris in Europe by 2061-2080 (up to 13% under the SSP5-8.5 scenario), which appears to better match the currently observed populations trends of the species. The potential for B. terrestris to successfully disperse in the areas that will remain climatically and/or ecologically suitable is high, as the species was recently shown to perform large scale migrations (Fijen et al. 2021). It remains unpredictable, however, whether the areas that are projected to appear “suitable” for the species in the future will remain clear of additional anthropogenic stressors not considered in the models of Rasmont et al. (2015) and Ghisbain et al. (2023). These additional (and likely synergistic) pressures include infrastructure development (for tourism and transport), pesticide use, pollution (by nitrogen and its subsequent impact on nitrophobic flowering plants, or by heavy metals), the spread of exotic invasive plants, the invasion of managed species and subsequent pathogen spillover, among other potential stressors known to substantially impact bumblebee populations.
It is also unclear whether climatic events not considered in the models of Rasmont et al. (2015) and Ghisbain et al. (2023), such as the increased occurrence of droughts, heat waves, or storms will also modify the future range of this species. The work of Martinet et al. (2021) demonstrated that the resistance of B. terrestris to acute heat stress (measured as the average time the species resists to a thermal stress of 40°C) is amongst the highest in the bumblebees they tested, which could help the species face future challenges related to increased temperatures and occurrence of extreme meteorological events. Works this species have demonstrated impaired cognition at elevated temperature (Gérard et al. 2022).
A likely threat comes from the genetic contamination of local (and especially insular) gene pools by escapes from commercial greenhouses.
It is worth noting that introductions of this species both inside and outside its known range are widely considered at least a potential threat to other bumblebees (Peredo-Alvarez et al. 2014, Owen et al. 2016). The same threat is also present at the subspecies level (Cejas et al. 2018, 2020).
Habitats préférentiels (classification IUCN)
14_1Artificial/Terrestrial - Arable Land★14_2Artificial/Terrestrial - Pastureland★14_5Artificial/Terrestrial - Urban Areas★1_4Forest - Temperate★3_3Shrubland - Boreal★3_4Shrubland - Temperate★4_4Grassland - Temperate★14_4Artificial/Terrestrial - Rural Gardens1_1Forest - Boreal
Mesures de conservation recommandéesStratégies de conservation IUCNExpert
This species is included in the National Red Lists or Red Data Books of the following six European countries: Belgium (Least Concern; Drossart et al. 2019); Estonia (Least Concern; Soon 2020); Finland (Least Concern; Hyvärinen et al. 2019); Germany (Not Threatened; Westrich et al. 2011); the Netherlands (Least Concern; Reemer 2018) and Norway (Least Concern; Artsdatabanken 2021). This species was listed in the previous National Red List of the Netherlands (Least Concern; Peeters and Reemer 2003). The species occurs in protected areas.
There are control measures in place in the Canary Islands, Ireland, Norway and UK to restrict the commercial importation of non-indigenous subspecies for pollination. Other distinctive local (and especially island) taxa should be considered as targets for protection from genetic contamination by alien introductions.
General efforts aimed at pollinator conservation may maintain B. terrestris populations. At local scales, appropriate conservation efforts include low-intensity grassland management (i.e. reduced grazing or cutting frequency) offering B. terrestris an adequate vegetation structure for nesting, foraging, mating and overwintering. Suitable habitats should exhibit a very minimal to null exposure to land use stressors such as pesticides (insecticides, fungicides and herbicides), overgrazing, intensive plowing where the species builds its nest, and cutting plants before the peak of the flowering period (cf. the general works of Williams and Osborne 2007, Goulson et al. 2008, Cameron and Sadd, 2020, Rasmont et al. 2021, Williams 2023 about bumblebee conservation). These areas should be connected to other stepping-stone habitats by ecological corridors to allow gene flow between populations of B. terrestris. At macroscale, suitable efforts include (i) strengthened regulations about greenhouse gas emissions to mitigate the ongoing climate change and its subsequent impact on bumblebees and other insects, (ii) strengthened regulations regarding pesticide use to address the contamination of ecosystems, (iii) robust mitigation strategies for protecting and restoring habitats across anthropogenically transformed land, (iv) the creation of highly-connected flower rich areas (within and across nations) that would constitute ecologically suitable shelters for B. terrestris and other insects, as well as hotspots of public awareness.
There are control measures in place in the Canary Islands, Ireland, Norway and UK to restrict the commercial importation of non-indigenous subspecies for pollination. Other distinctive local (and especially island) taxa should be considered as targets for protection from genetic contamination by alien introductions.
General efforts aimed at pollinator conservation may maintain B. terrestris populations. At local scales, appropriate conservation efforts include low-intensity grassland management (i.e. reduced grazing or cutting frequency) offering B. terrestris an adequate vegetation structure for nesting, foraging, mating and overwintering. Suitable habitats should exhibit a very minimal to null exposure to land use stressors such as pesticides (insecticides, fungicides and herbicides), overgrazing, intensive plowing where the species builds its nest, and cutting plants before the peak of the flowering period (cf. the general works of Williams and Osborne 2007, Goulson et al. 2008, Cameron and Sadd, 2020, Rasmont et al. 2021, Williams 2023 about bumblebee conservation). These areas should be connected to other stepping-stone habitats by ecological corridors to allow gene flow between populations of B. terrestris. At macroscale, suitable efforts include (i) strengthened regulations about greenhouse gas emissions to mitigate the ongoing climate change and its subsequent impact on bumblebees and other insects, (ii) strengthened regulations regarding pesticide use to address the contamination of ecosystems, (iii) robust mitigation strategies for protecting and restoring habitats across anthropogenically transformed land, (iv) the creation of highly-connected flower rich areas (within and across nations) that would constitute ecologically suitable shelters for B. terrestris and other insects, as well as hotspots of public awareness.
Stress écologiques (2)Stresses Classification — IUCNExpert
2_3_1Hybridisation2_3_2Competition
Usage & commerce (1)Use & Trade — IUCNExpert
17Other (free text)internationalnational
Priorités de recherche (1)Research Needed Classification — IUCNExpert
1_1Taxonomy
Niche IUCN globaleRealms · Systems · LMEs · Growth forms · FAOs — biogéographie IUCNExpert
Royaumes biogéographiques
Palearctic
Systèmes (terrestre/eau douce/marin)
Terrestrial
Références bibliographiques (25)Sources scientifiques de l'évaluation IUCNExpert
- IUCN. 2025. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2025-2. Available at: <a href="www.iucnredlist.org">www.iucnredlist.org</a>. (Accessed: 10 October 2025).
- Ghisbain, G., Thiery, W., Massonnet, F., Erazo, D., Rasmont, P., Michez, D. and Dellicour, S. 2023 (online). Projected decline in European bumblebee populations in the twenty-first century. <i>Nature</i> 628: 337-341.
- Williams, P.H. 2023. Can biogeography help bumblebee conservation? <i>European Journal of Taxonomy</i> 890(1): 165-183.
- Gérard, M., Amiri, A., Cariou, B. and Baird, E. 2022. Short-term exposure to heatwave-like temperatures affects learning and memory in bumblebees. <i>Global Change Biology</i> 28(14): 4251-4259. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.16196
- Rasmont, P., Ghisbain, G. and Terzo, M. 2021. <i>Bumblebees of Europe and neighbouring regions</i>. NAP Editions, Verrières-le-Buisson, France.
- Martinet, B., Dellicour, S., Ghisbain, G., Przybyla, K., Zambra, E., Lecocq, T., Boustani, M., Baghirov, R., Michez, D. and Rasmont, P. 2021. Global effects of extreme temperatures on wild bumblebees. <i>Conservation Biology</i> 35: 1507-1518.
- Artsdatabanken. 2021. Norsk rødliste for arter 2021. Available at: <a href="https://www.artsdatabanken.no/lister/rodlisteforarter/2021">https://www.artsdatabanken.no/lister/rodlisteforarter/2021</a>.
- Cejas, D., López-López, A., Muñoz, I., Ornosa, C. and De la Rúa, P. 2020. Unveiling introgression in bumblebee (<i>Bombus terrestris</i>) populations through mitogenome-based markers. <i>Animal Genetics</i> 51: 70-77.
- Cameron, S.A. and Sadd, B.M. 2020. Global Trends in Bumble Bee Health. <i>Annual Review of Entomology</i> 65: 209-232.
- Soon, V. 2020. Eesti mesilaste (Hymenoptera: Colletidae, Andrenidae, Halictidae, Melittidae, Megachilidae, Apidae) ohustatuse hindamise tulemused 2020. SA KIK projekt nr. 14436 "Eesti mesilaste fauna baasuuring" lõpparuanne + Lisa 1. EELIS (Eesti looduse infosüsteemi). https://infoleht.keskkonnainfo.ee/GetFile.aspx?id=-1014893872
- Drossart, M., Rasmont, P., Vanormelingen, P., Dufrêne, M., Folschweiller, M., Pauly, A., Vereecken, N. J., Vray, S., Zambra, E., D'Haeseleer, J. and Michez, D. 2019. Belgian Red List of Bees. Belgian Science Policy 2018 (BRAIN-be - (Belgian Research Action through Interdisciplinary Networks). Presse universitaire de l’Université de Mons, Mons.
- Hyvärinen, E., Juslén, A., Kemppainen, E., Uddström, A. and Liukko, U.M. 2019. <i>The 2019 Red List of Finnish Species</i>. Ympäristöministeriö and Suomen ympäristökeskus, Helsinki.
- Reemer, M. 2018. Basisrapport voor de Rode Lijst Bijen. <i>EIS Kenniscentrum Insectenen andere ongewervelden</i>.
- Cejas, D., Ornosa, C., Muñoz, I., and Rúa, P.D. 2018. Searching for Molecular Markers to Differentiate <i>Bombus terrestris</i> (Linnaeus) Subspecies in the Iberian Peninsula. <i>Sociobiology</i> 65(4): 558-565.
- Owen, E.L., Bale, J.S. and Hayward, S.A.L. 2016. Establishment risk of the commercially imported bumblebee Bombus terrestris dalmatinus—can they survive UK winters? <i>Apidologie</i> 47: 66–75.
- Martinet, B., Rasmont, P., Cederberg, B., Evrard, D., Ødegaard, F., Paukkunen, J. and Lecocq, T. 2015. Forward to the north: Two Euro-Mediterranean bumblebee species now cross the Arctic Circle. <i>Annales De la société entomologique de France</i> (N.S.)(51): 303–309.
- Rasmont, P., Franzén, M., Lecocq, T., Harpke, A., Roberts, S.P.M., Biesmeijer, J.C., Castro, L., Cederberg, B., Dvorák, L., Fitzpatrick, Ú., Gonseth, Y., Haubruge, E., Mahé, G., Manino, A., Michez, D., Neumayer, J., Ødegaard, F., Paukkunen, J., Pawlikowski, T., Potts, S.G., Reemer, M., Settele, J., Straka, J. and Schweiger, O. 2015. Climatic Risk and Distribution Atlas of European Bumblebees. <i>Pensoft</i>.
- Nieto, A., Roberts, S.P.M., Kemp, J., Rasmont, P., Kuhlmann, M., García Criado, M., Biesmeijer, J.C., Bogusch, P., Dathe, H.H., De la Rúa, P., De Meulemeester, T., Dehon, M., Dewulf, A., Ortiz-Sánchez, F.J., Lhomme, P., Pauly, A., Potts, S.G., Praz, C., Quaranta, M., Radchenko, V.G., Scheuchl, E., Smit, J., Straka, J., Terzo, M., Tomozii, B., Window, J. and Michez, D. 2014. <i>European Red List of bees</i>. Publication Office of the European Union, Luxembourg.
- Peredo-Alvarez, V., Rasmont, P., Scriven, J.J. and Goulson, D. 2014. Predicting the global spread of an invasive pollinator, the bumblebee <i>Bombus terrestris</I>. <i>Ecology and Evolution (in press)</i>.
- Williams, P.H., Brown, M.J.F., Carolan, J.C., An, J., Goulson, D., Aytekin, A.M., Best, L.R., Byvaltsev, A.M., Cederberg, B., Dawson, R., Huang, J., Ito, M., Monfared, A., Raina, R.H., Schmid-Hempel, P., Sheffield, C.S., Šima, P. and Xie, Z. 2012. Unveiling cryptic species of the bumblebee subgenus <i>Bombus</i> s. str. worldwide with COI barcodes (Hymenoptera: Apidae). <i>Systematics and Biodiversity</i> 10: 21-56.
- Westrich, P., Frommer, U., Mandery, K., Riemann, H., Ruhnke, H., Saure, C. and Voith, J. 2011. Rote Liste und Gesamtartenliste der Bienen (Hymenoptera, Apidae) Deutschlands - (5. Fassung, Dezember 2011) [Red List and complete species list of bees in Germany]. In: Bundesamt für Naturschutz (ed.), <i>Rote Liste der gefährdeter Tiere, Pflanzen und Pilze Deutschlands. Band 3: Wirbellose Tiere (Teil 1) [Red List of threatened animals, plants and fungi of Germany]</i>, pp. 371-416. Bonn.
- Goulson, D., Lye, G.C. and Darvil, B. 2008. Decline and conservation of bumble bees. <i>Annual Review of Entomology</i> 53: 11.1–11.18.
- Williams, P.H. and Osborne, J.L. 2007. Bumblebee vulnerability and conservation world-wide. <i>Apidologie</i> 40(3): 367-387.
- Peeters, T.M.J. and Reemer, M. 2003. Bedreigde en verdwenen bijen in Nederlands (Apidae s.l.). Basisrapport met voorstel voor Rode Lijst. Stichting European Invertebrate Survey, Leiden.
- Pekkarinen, J., Kaarnama, E. 1994. Bombus terrestris auct. new to Finland (Hymenoptera, Apidae). <i>Sahlbergia</i> 1: 11-13.
Évaluateurs & contributeurs (4)Personnes ayant contribué à l'évaluation IUCNExpert
assessor
Ghisbain, G., Praz, C., Rasmont, P., Williams, P., Cederberg, B., Devalez, J., Flaminio, S., Biella, P., Radchenko, V. & Dellicour, S.
contributor
Benrezkallah, J., Boustani, M., De Manincor, N., Michez, D. & Sentil, A.
evaluator
Tourbez, C.
facilitators
Bellotto, V., Put, S., Trottet, A. & Verëll, V.
Ghisbain, G., Praz, C., Rasmont, P., Williams, P., Cederberg, B., Devalez, J., Flaminio, S., Biella, P., Radchenko, V. & Dellicour, S. 2025. Bombus terrestris (Europe assessment). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2025: e.T221880141A221880274. Accessed on 05 May 2026.
Traits biologiques
5 valeurs · 4 sources
Cycle de vie(1)
Sources priorisées par qualité scientifique (peer-reviewed spécialisées → Wikidata fallback). Unités auto-converties, valeur max retenue en cas de mesures multiples. Méthodologie · Citations.
Indicateurs écologiquesTolérance thermique · radar EIVE · triangle CSR
Niche thermique
Logghe 2025Niche thermique observée par superposition de la distribution GBIF avec WorldClim (calcul Logghe et al. 2025 sur Europe NW). Représente la T° moyenne annuelle des mailles où l’espèce a été observée. Repères France à titre indicatif.
-10 °C50 °C
- Niche observée Europe NW -3.6 – 20.6 °C (moy. 9.6 °C)
- T° moy. France 1981-2010 11.0 °C
- Projection France 2050 ≈ 13.7 °C
Sources : Logghe et al. 2025 — overlay GBIF × WorldClim Europe NW. Repères France : T moy annuelle CHELSA 1981-2010 + projection DRIAS-2020 GWL20 (+2,7 °C). GlobTherm filtré aux groupes pour lesquels la comparaison à la T air a du sens (ectothermes terrestres + plantes) — exclut endothermes et aquatiques où la nature de la mesure (TNZ ou T eau) rend la comparaison non interprétable.
Distribution mondiale
80 pays · 504 105 obs.- NetherlandsNLD149 52329.7%
- GermanyDEU121 02124.0%
- 109 14421.7%
- SwedenSWE23 7144.7%
- FranceFRA19 5263.9%
- BelgiumBEL12 9422.6%
- SwitzerlandCHE10 5032.1%
- SpainESP10 4302.1%
- IrelandIRL10 4032.1%
- New ZealandNZL6 3701.3%
+ 70 autres paysliste complète triée par observations
- Finland5 489
- Portugal3 941
- Norway3 239
- Austria2 911
- Estonia2 211
- Chile1 808
- Poland1 272
- Italy1 131
- Denmark1 020
- Australia933
- Isle of Man882
- Argentina794
- Russia723
- Greece545
- Serbia483
- Ukraine389
- Japan321
- Czechia291
- Luxembourg283
- Jersey210
- Turkey159
- Croatia148
- Israel138
- Morocco111
- Algeria100
- Hungary100
- South Korea96
- Slovakia85
- Lithuania81
- Liechtenstein60
- Kyrgyzstan59
- Belarus56
- Cyprus47
- Kazakhstan38
- Guernsey38
- Bulgaria36
- Syria29
- Slovenia29
- Latvia28
- Romania24
- Lebanon24
- Georgia22
- Iceland21
- Iran13
- Albania10
- Gibraltar8
- Canada8
- Monaco7
- Moldova7
- Montenegro6
- Malta6
- North Macedonia6
- Bosnia and Herzegovina6
- Libya6
- Palestine6
- United States6
- Tunisia5
- Western Sahara4
- Uzbekistan3
- Åland3
- Andorra2
- Armenia2
- China2
- Falkland Islands2
- Northern Cyprus1
- Iraq1
- Colombia1
- Tajikistan1
- South Africa1
- Jordan1
Zoom régions (top 50)dans les pays principaux
United Kingdom
- NA82 121
- Scotland16 311
- Wales9 293
- Northern Ireland1 412
Netherlands
- NA33 798
- Gelderland21 194
- Noord-Brabant19 813
- Noord-Holland15 898
- Utrecht12 370
- Drenthe9 456
- Limburg7 912
- Overijssel7 416
- Fryslân7 329
- Zeeland4 772
- Groningen4 234
- Flevoland3 578
- IJsselmeer928
Germany
- Nordrhein-Westfalen28 511
- Niedersachsen17 753
- Bayern16 474
- Hessen14 600
- Baden-Württemberg8 974
- Schleswig-Holstein8 179
- Rheinland-Pfalz7 188
- Brandenburg3 494
- Sachsen3 373
- Mecklenburg-Vorpommern2 889
- Hamburg2 281
- Berlin2 051
- Sachsen-Anhalt2 044
- Thüringen1 916
Sweden
- Skåne5 182
- Uppsala4 172
- Västra Götaland2 687
- Stockholm2 015
- Kalmar1 688
- Värmland1 158
- Östergötland999
- Orebro966
- Halland839
France
- Nouvelle-Aquitaine3 573
- Île-de-France3 007
- Hauts-de-France2 328
- Occitanie1 874
- Centre-Val de Loire1 791
- Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur1 231
- Pays de la Loire1 203
- Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes1 143
- Grand Est938
- Bretagne857
Source : GBIF — observations géoréférencées agrégées par administration GADM (pays + région). Compléments dans la section Aires de répartition ci-dessous (Catalogue of Life).
Phénologie
513 351 obs. datées / 514 567 total2%
J
3%
F
12%
M
15%
A
10%
M
17%
J
22%
J
12%
A
4%
S
2%
O
N
D
Source : GBIF — observations agrégées par mois (date d'événement). Phénologie globale (toutes localisations confondues).
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Note nomenclaturale & synonymesDétails taxonomiques + synonymes CoLExpert
Note nomenclaturale
TAXREF v18 — INPN/MNHNSynonymes (4)— redirigent vers cette page
- Apis virginalisGeoffroy, 1785
- Bombus virginalis(Geoffroy in Fourcroy, 1785)
- Bremus fasciatusPanzer, 1805
- Terrestribombus lucorum terrestriformisVogt, 1911
Sources : Catalogue of Life Cross-References (synonymes) · TAXREF v18 INPN/MNHN (commentaires FR).