Province · tur
Bolu
Turkey
Species observed
1 435
Observations
33 332
Area
8 269,6km²
Ecological tissue
Sample of 27 species (selected proportionally per kingdom among those with at least one documented interaction here) to keep the graph readable. Hover for details, click to explore the full ecosystem of a species.
ℹ️ The territory contains many more species than displayed and all their documented interactions: the graph is intentionally the structural skeleton (top-N species by composite local score, edges filtered by Serrano 2009 disparity filter α=0.2).
Indicateurs du tissu écologique
Tissu écologique de Bolu : 19 espèces reliées par 57 interactions GloBI sur 3 types (connectance 16.2%, filtre Serrano α=0.2). 8 bulles taxonomiques (cascade genre/famille GloBI, ≥3 espèces).
Comparaison sur la connectance du réseau local complet vs distribution nationale (toutes les communes françaises).
Species present
1 435 distinct species · 33 332 observations
Source: GBIF Occurrence snapshot 2026-05-01.
Climate
Mean T°
8,7°C
Annual rain
828mm
Warmest m°
23,8°C
Coldest m°
-6,1°C
Elevation: 1 201 m on average (min 298 m, max 2 172 m)
Bioclimatic details19 BIO + Köppen full + altitude statsExpert
CHELSA BIO 1-19 v2.1 · ETOPO DEM 60s · Köppen-Geiger 1991-2020 (Beck et al. 2018)
Soil & lithology
pH H₂O
6,5
Org. C
41,6g/kg
Clay
24,8%
Sand
35,3%
Silt
39,9%
Average over 0-30 cm. Per-depth details in expert panel.
3 soil depths detailed0-5cm / 5-15cm / 15-30cm × 5 propsExpert
SoilGrids 250m (ISRIC, 2017) · GLiM v1.0 (Hartmann & Moosdorf 2012)
Land cover
Copernicus Global Land Cover 100m (Buchhorn et al. 2020)
Hydrology16 basins · 10 lakes · 26 rivers
Hydrology metrics for this exact territory
Stream length here
1 022,6km
Lake surface here
8,37km²
Basins crossed
16
Max stream order
5
Max drainage
49 668km²
Discharge in basins
83,4m³/s
Mean precip.
661mm/an
Mean T°
9,6°C
Moisture idx
-0,28
Max snow
24%
Mean runoff
284mm/an
Mean elev. (basins)
1 063m
Watersheds crossing here
- Bassin de Bolu Çayısub-area3 248,4 km²overlap2118.39 km²26%
- Bassin de Aladağ Çayısub-area2 271,7 km²overlap1557.31 km²19%
- Bassin de Ulusu Çayısub-area1 611,2 km²overlap1518.34 km²18%
- Bassin de Mudurnu Çayısub-area2 365,1 km²overlap1014.14 km²12%
- Bassin de Gökderesub-area639 km²overlap533.41 km²6%
- Bassin de Bayındır Çayısub-area898,2 km²overlap471.86 km²6%
- Bassin de Göynük Çayısub-area1 045,2 km²overlap368.45 km²4%
- Bassin de Küçük Melen Çayısub-area2 414 km²overlap237.19 km²3%
- Bassin de Nallı Çayısub-area816,6 km²overlap202.26 km²2%
7 more basinssorted by overlap
- Bassin de Eskipazar Çayısub-area650,7 km²overlap81.36 km²1%
- Basin #41970sub-area345 km²overlap81.32 km²1%
- Bassin de Berçin Çayısub-area407,7 km²overlap38.40 km²0%
- Bassin de Koca Çaysub-area419,5 km²overlap18.36 km²0%
- Bassin de Filyos Çayısub-area1 407,9 km²overlap16.52 km²0%
- Bassin de Kocaçaysub-area472,8 km²overlap11.01 km²0%
- Bassin de Sakarya Nehrisub-area36,5 km²overlap1.32 km²0%
Lakes (10, top by area)
- Çamlıdere Baraj Gölüarea15,1 km²avg depth22.2 m
- Yeniçağa Gölüarea2,2 km²avg depth2.8 m
- Gölköy Baraj Gölüarea1,5 km²avg depth15.9 m
- Abant Gölüarea1,2 km²avg depth11.0 m
- Lac 1366307area0,6 km²avg depth5.5 m
- Lac 1366128area0,2 km²avg depth2.2 m
- Lac 1366443area0,2 km²avg depth7.1 m
- Lac 1366597area0,2 km²avg depth5.4 m
- Lac 1366507area0,1 km²avg depth8.1 m
1 more lakes
Rivers / streams (26, ord ≥ 4)
- Aladağ Çayıord 6len here143.04 km57%total249 km
- Mudurnu Çayıord 4len here92.35 km42%total219 km
- Mengen Çayıord 4len here74.69 km84%total89 km
- Bolu Çayıord 5len here73.57 km50%total147 km
- Cuma Deresiord 3len here72.44 km94%total77 km
- Ulusu Çayıord 3len here70.53 km100%total71 km
- Büyüksu Çayıord 4len here70.24 km100%total70 km
- Ulu Çayord 4len here66.61 km100%total67 km
- Markuşa Deresiord 4len here53.52 km100%total54 km
- Gökdereord 3len here36.38 km100%total36 km
- Kocasu Çayıord 4len here34.64 km100%total35 km
- Boyalıca Deresiord 3len here32.52 km100%total33 km
14 more river segmentssorted by Strahler order + length
- Yayla Çayıord 2len here31.11 km98%total32 km
- Abant Deresiord 2len here31.04 km100%total31 km
- Düğer Deresiord 1len here28.62 km100%total29 km
- Geredeord 3len here21.24 km100%total21 km
- Kara Dereord 4len here19.98 km34%total59 km
- Gerede Tüneliord 3len here19.26 km91%total21 km
- Ören Deresiord 2len here13.39 km100%total13 km
- Gerede Tüneliord 2len here10.00 km100%total10 km
- Hızar Deresiord 2len here9.08 km100%total9 km
- Melanord 1len here6.67 km100%total7 km
- Borazanlar Deresiord 1len here4.49 km100%total4 km
- HES Kanalıord 1len here4.01 km100%total4 km
- Gerede Çayıord 4len here2.82 km4%total75 km
- Samandere Deresiord 2len here0.36 km3%total11 km
Live spatial overlap (cached after first hit) · HydroBASINS lev08 × HydroLAKES × HydroRIVERS v10
Human pressure
Pop. density
0hab/km²
Night light
0,7nW
Built-up
15,3%
Pesticides
20,2kg/km²
GHSL POP/Built 2020 · VIIRS lumière nocturne · PEST-CHEMGRIDS 2020 (Maggi et al.)