Nemrut Caldera
IUCN Not ReportedWetland of International Importance (Ramsar Site) · 2013
48 km²
Province · tur
Bitlis
Turkey
DsaCold, dry summer, hot summer(62 %)
Species observed
925
Observations
11 727
Area
8 667,4km²
Ecological tissue
Sample of 26 species (selected proportionally per kingdom among those with at least one documented interaction here) to keep the graph readable. Hover for details, click to explore the full ecosystem of a species.
ℹ️ The territory contains many more species than displayed and all their documented interactions: the graph is intentionally the structural skeleton (top-N species by composite local score, edges filtered by Serrano 2009 disparity filter α=0.2).
RègnesAnimalPlanteChampignonBacterie
RelationsPredationParasitismeSymbiosePollinisation
StatutEn dangerVulnérableProtégéeEndémique
Indicateurs du tissu écologique
Tissu écologique de Bitlis : 20 espèces dont 1 patrimoniale (LR IUCN CR/EN/VU) reliées par 50 interactions GloBI sur 3 types (connectance 15.4%, filtre Serrano α=0.2). 6 bulles taxonomiques (cascade genre/famille GloBI, ≥3 espèces).
Espèces affichées
26
Interactions affichées
50
Connectance
0.154
Patrimoniales
1
Plus dense que (national)0 %(top 100%)
Comparaison sur la connectance du réseau local complet vs distribution nationale (toutes les communes françaises).
Species present
925 distinct species · 11 727 observations
Source: GBIF Occurrence snapshot 2026-05-01.
Climate
Mean T°
8,7°C
Annual rain
985mm
Warmest m°
26,8°C
Coldest m°
-7,7°C
Elevation: 1 833 m on average (min 799 m, max 3 907 m)
Bioclimatic details19 BIO + Köppen full + altitude statsExpert
Annual mean temp.
8,7°C
Annual rain
985mm
Warmest month
26,8°C
Coldest month
-7,7°C
Mean alt.
1 833m
Min
799m
Max
3 907m
Std. dev.
340m
Köppen-Geiger (dominant)
DsaCold, dry summer, hot summer(62 %)Cold
CHELSA BIO 1-19 v2.1 · ETOPO DEM 60s · Köppen-Geiger 1991-2020 (Beck et al. 2018)
Soil & lithology
pH H₂O
6,8
Org. C
44,0g/kg
Clay
25,3%
Sand
35,6%
Silt
39,0%
Average over 0-30 cm. Per-depth details in expert panel.
3 soil depths detailed0-5cm / 5-15cm / 15-30cm × 5 propsExpert
0–5 cm
pH H₂O
6,8
Org. C
62,3g/kg
Clay
24,6%
Sand
36,0%
Silt
39,4%
5–15 cm
pH H₂O
6,8
Org. C
38,1g/kg
Clay
25,0%
Sand
35,8%
Silt
39,2%
15–30 cm
pH H₂O
6,9
Org. C
31,6g/kg
Clay
26,5%
Sand
35,0%
Silt
38,5%
SoilGrids 250m (ISRIC, 2017) · GLiM v1.0 (Hartmann & Moosdorf 2012)
Land cover
Forest6.6%
Crops11.9%
Built-up0.1%
Bare soil3.6%
Other (grassland, water…)77.8%
Copernicus Global Land Cover 100m (Buchhorn et al. 2020)
Hydrology20 basins · 7 lakes · 21 rivers
Hydrology metrics for this exact territory
Stream length here
522,7km
Lake surface here
1 840,88km²
Basins crossed
20
Max stream order
4
Max drainage
17 046km²
Discharge in basins
188,4m³/s
Mean precip.
726mm/an
Mean T°
9,0°C
Moisture idx
-0,26
Max snow
42%
Mean runoff
363mm/an
Mean elev. (basins)
1 748m
Watersheds crossing here
- Bassin de Yeniköprü Çayısub-area3 125,1 km²overlap3042.73 km²35%
- Bassin de Kezer Çayısub-area2 475,9 km²overlap1189.45 km²14%
- Bassin de Büyük Çaysub-area1 854,1 km²overlap1151.21 km²13%
- Bassin de Karasu Irmağısub-area2 236,2 km²overlap707.71 km²8%
- Bassin de Değirmen Deresisub-area1 404,9 km²overlap688.25 km²8%
- Bassin de Kavakbaşı Deresisub-area507 km²overlap446.99 km²5%
- Bassin de Urus Çayısub-area289,3 km²overlap289.51 km²3%
- Bassin de Yanarsu Çayısub-area705,6 km²overlap267.78 km²3%
- Bassin de Badişan Çayısub-area1 624,9 km²overlap258.05 km²3%
11 more basinssorted by overlap
- Bassin de Bahçesaray Çayısub-area1 101 km²overlap204.69 km²2%
- Basin #85990sub-area152,2 km²overlap152.32 km²2%
- Basin #97700sub-area116,9 km²overlap110.94 km²1%
- Basin #02770sub-area54,7 km²overlap54.73 km²1%
- Bassin de Güzelsu Çayısub-area3 631,9 km²overlap27.05 km²0%
- Bassin de Körsu Deresisub-area641,2 km²overlap27.04 km²0%
- Bassin de Murat Nehrisub-area967,4 km²overlap20.60 km²0%
- Basin #64640sub-area627,1 km²overlap12.53 km²0%
- Bassin de Sason Çayısub-area656,9 km²overlap7.49 km²0%
- Bassin de Karasu Çayısub-area4 472 km²overlap7.04 km²0%
- Bassin de Sulama Kanalısub-area133,4 km²overlap1.24 km²0%
Lakes (7, top by area)
Rivers / streams (21, ord ≥ 4)
- Urus Çayıord 4len here76.28 km100%total76 km
- Kavakbaşı Deresiord 3len here73.79 km99%total74 km
- Başur Çayıord 4len here60.41 km52%total116 km
- Kezer Çayıord 4len here40.73 km33%total123 km
- Bahçesaray Çayıord 4len here30.82 km30%total102 km
- Bitlis Çayıord 3len here30.27 km100%total30 km
- Ahkis Deresiord 2len here30.00 km100%total30 km
- Büyükdere Çayıord 4len here23.57 km100%total24 km
- Keşan Deresiord 4len here21.67 km100%total22 km
- Yeniköprü Çayıord 4len here20.69 km100%total21 km
- Mutki Çayıord 2len here17.74 km100%total18 km
- Oranis Deresiord 2len here16.63 km100%total17 km
9 more river segmentssorted by Strahler order + length
- Darabi Deresiord 3len here16.60 km100%total17 km
- Gecutan Deresiord 1len here14.53 km100%total15 km
- Güzel Dereord 2len here12.29 km99%total12 km
- Litirsik Deresiord 2len here7.65 km100%total8 km
- Yanarsu Çayıord 4len here7.35 km4%total169 km
- Büyük Çayord 4len here6.61 km11%total63 km
- Karmış Çayıord 3len here6.36 km100%total6 km
- Karabudak Deresiord 3len here5.09 km9%total58 km
- Kor Deresiord 2len here3.58 km100%total4 km
Live spatial overlap (cached after first hit) · HydroBASINS lev08 × HydroLAKES × HydroRIVERS v10
Human pressure
Pop. density
0hab/km²
Night light
0,8nW
Built-up
4,5%
Pesticides
17,2kg/km²
GHSL POP/Built 2020 · VIIRS lumière nocturne · PEST-CHEMGRIDS 2020 (Maggi et al.)
Protected areas1
IUCN Not Reported · 1
WDPA (World Database on Protected Areas) — UNEP-WCMC & IUCN