Zannichellia contorta
(Desf.) Cham.
Pays · région · aire protégée · écorégion · biome
Graphe en cours d’indexation
Calcul du tissu écologique de Zannichellia contorta.
Le graphe apparaîtra automatiquement dès que le calcul est terminé (rafraîchissement toutes les 5s).
Liste rouge IUCN
EN · En dangercritères B2ab(ii,iii,iv)↘Décroissante- Évaluation
- 2018 · v3.1
- Altitude
- 300 – 1400 m
- Profondeur
- – m
État de la populationTexte officiel évaluation IUCNExpert
The species has a very localized distribution as a result of its specific habitat requirements. Subpopulations are declining and the species is estimated to have disappeared from 40-50% of the approximately 43 known localities. The narrow ecological requirements of this species, its sensitivity to changes in habitat conditions and the position of this type of habitats, generally in stream valleys separated by mountains, force the plants to live in spots very isolated from each other. Because of this, its population is considered severely fragmented, as more than half of its subpopulations are isolated with no exchange and suspected to have reached no viable levels (P. García Murillo pers. comm 2015). In Morocco, the species is considered very rare (occurring at fewer than five localities; Hammada et al. 2004).
Menaces identifiées(8 menaces classées CMP-IUCN)
11_2DroughtsRapid DeclinesMajority (50-90%)Future7_3Other ecosystem modificationsRapid DeclinesMajority (50-90%)Ongoing7_2_6Abstraction of ground water (commercial use)UnknownUnknownOngoing9_2_3Type Unknown/UnrecordedUnknownUnknownOngoing11_1Habitat shifting & alterationSlow, Significant DeclinesMajority (50-90%)Future2_3_2Small-holder grazing, ranching or farmingSlow, Significant DeclinesMajority (50-90%)Ongoing2_3_3Agro-industry grazing, ranching or farmingSlow, Significant DeclinesMajority (50-90%)Ongoing9_3_4Type Unknown/UnrecordedSlow, Significant DeclinesMajority (50-90%)Ongoing
Description complète des menacesTexte détaillé évaluation IUCNExpert
The species is very sensitive to eutrophication and deterioration of water quality or quality. In the last 30 years, the water quality of streams of running, clean and oxygenated waters where this species lives in Spain have greatly deteriorated through an increase in nutrient concentrations due to activities related to agriculture and cattle raising. Decreased water flows and increased pollution of water bodies as a result of these activities are major threats not only to the southern subpopulations of this species (Cabezudo et al. 2005) but also to the central and eastern subpopulations.
Habitat destruction due to the activities of a bottled drinking water company, including water abstraction, chemical conditions alteration of fluent waters through purification processes, and industrial development, has extirpated at least two subpopulations in springs in Murcia and Albacete.
The possibility of increased droughts as a consequence of climatic change is a considerable risk for this species, changing water regimes from permanent to temporary.
Habitat destruction due to the activities of a bottled drinking water company, including water abstraction, chemical conditions alteration of fluent waters through purification processes, and industrial development, has extirpated at least two subpopulations in springs in Murcia and Albacete.
The possibility of increased droughts as a consequence of climatic change is a considerable risk for this species, changing water regimes from permanent to temporary.
Habitats préférentiels (classification IUCN)
5_1Wetlands (inland) - Permanent Rivers/Streams/Creeks (includes waterfalls)★
Mesures de conservation recommandéesStratégies de conservation IUCNExpert
The species is present in several protected areas throughout its rage (IUCN and UNEP-WCMC 2017). Habitat protection and control of agricultural and livestock activities causing deterioration of water quality and recuperation of degradated habitas ensuring appropiate water flows is stronlgy recommended. New water abstraction facilities must be better regulated according to appropiated environmental assessments. The implementation of the water framework directive needs to be reinforced, especially in the species range. Ex situ conservation though germoplasm banks, additional research on this species distribution, especially in the north of Africa, and population monitoring, are also recommended.
It is listed as Endangered B1ab(iii,iv,v)c(iv)+2ab(iii,iv,v)c(iv) in the National Red List of Spain (Moreno 2008). Some regional Spanish laws protect this species; it is listed as VU in Decreto 33/1998, de 5 de mayo de 1998 of Comunidad de Castilla-La Mancha, in Orden 6/2013, de 25 de marzo of Generalitat Valenciana, and in Decreto 70/2009, de 22 de mayo of Generalitat Valenciana. It is also listed as Vulnerable on the Red List of Andalucia (Cabezudo et al. 2005).
It is listed as Endangered B1ab(iii,iv,v)c(iv)+2ab(iii,iv,v)c(iv) in the National Red List of Spain (Moreno 2008). Some regional Spanish laws protect this species; it is listed as VU in Decreto 33/1998, de 5 de mayo de 1998 of Comunidad de Castilla-La Mancha, in Orden 6/2013, de 25 de marzo of Generalitat Valenciana, and in Decreto 70/2009, de 22 de mayo of Generalitat Valenciana. It is also listed as Vulnerable on the Red List of Andalucia (Cabezudo et al. 2005).
Actions de conservation (3)Conservation Actions Classification Scheme — IUCNExpert
1_2Resource & habitat protection2_1Site/area management3_4_2Genome resource bank
Stress écologiques (31)Stresses Classification — IUCNExpert
1_1Ecosystem conversion1_1Ecosystem conversion1_1Ecosystem conversion1_1Ecosystem conversion1_1Ecosystem conversion1_1Ecosystem conversion1_1Ecosystem conversion1_1Ecosystem conversion1_2Ecosystem degradation1_2Ecosystem degradation1_2Ecosystem degradation1_2Ecosystem degradation1_2Ecosystem degradation1_2Ecosystem degradation1_2Ecosystem degradation2_1Species mortality2_1Species mortality2_1Species mortality2_1Species mortality2_1Species mortality2_1Species mortality2_1Species mortality2_1Species mortality2_2Species disturbance2_2Species disturbance2_2Species disturbance2_2Species disturbance2_2Species disturbance2_2Species disturbance2_2Species disturbance2_2Species disturbance
Priorités de recherche (3)Research Needed Classification — IUCNExpert
1_2Population size, distribution & trends3_1Population trends3_4Habitat trends
Niche IUCN globaleRealms · Systems · LMEs · Growth forms · FAOs — biogéographie IUCNExpert
Royaumes biogéographiques
Palearctic
Systèmes (terrestre/eau douce/marin)
Freshwater (=Inland waters)
Formes de croissance
Hydrophyte
Références bibliographiques (13)Sources scientifiques de l'évaluation IUCNExpert
- WCSP. 2018. World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Available at: <a href=" http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/"> http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/</a>.
- IUCN. 2018. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2018-1. Available at: <a href="www.iucnredlist.org">www.iucnredlist.org</a>. (Accessed: 28 June 2018).
- IUCN and UNEP-WCMC. 2017. The World Database on Protected Areas (WDPA). www.protectedplanet.net. Cambridge, UK Available at: <a href="www.protectedplanet.net">www.protectedplanet.net</a>.
- Anthos. 2015. Sistema de información sobre las plantas de España. Madrid; Real Jardín Botánico, CSIC - Fundación Biodiversidad Available at: <a href="http://www.anthos.es">http://www.anthos.es</a>.
- Tison, J.-M., Jauzein, P. and Michaud, H. 2014. <i>Flore de France méditerranéenne continentale</i>. Naturalia Publications, Turriers.
- Le Floc'h, É., Boulos, L. and Vela, E. 2010. <i>Catalogue synonymique commenté de la flore de Tunisie</i>. Simpact.
- Castroviejo, S., Aedo, C., Lainz, M., Morales, R., Muñoz Garmendia, F., Nieto Feliner, G. and Paiva, J. (eds). 2010. <i>Flora Iberica. Volume 17</i>. Real Jardín Botaníco, C.S.I.C. Servicio de Publicaciones, Madrid.
- Talavera, S. and Garcia-Murillo, P. 2010. <i>Zannichellia</i> L. In: Talavera, S., Gallego, MJ., Romero Zarco, C. and Herrero, A. (eds), <i>Flora Iberica</i>, pp. 94-101. Madrid.
- Moreno, J.C. (coord.). 2008. <i>Lista Roja 2008 de la Flora Vascular Española</i>. Dirección General de Medio Natural y Política Forestal (Ministerio de Medio Ambiente, y Medio Rural y Marino, y Sociedad Española de Biología de la Conservación de Plantas), Madrid.
- Cabezudo, B., Talavera, S., Blanca, G., Salazar, C., Cueto, M., Valdés, B., Hernandez Bermejo, J.E., Herrera, C.M., Rodriguez Hiraldo, C. and Navas, D. 2005. <i>Lista Roja de la Flora Vascular de Andalucía</i>. Consejeria de Medio Ambiente, Junta de Andalucía, Sevilla.
- Hammada, S., Dakki, M., Ibn Tattou, M., Ouyahya, A. and Fennane, M. 2004. Analyse de la biodiversité floristique des zones humides du Maroc. Flore rare, menacée et halophile. <i>Acta Botanica Malacitana</i> 29: 43-66.
- Fennane, M., Ibn Tattou, M., Mathez, J., Ouyahya, A. and El Oualidi, J. 1999. <i>Flore pratique du Maroc. Manuel de détermination des plantes vasculaires. Volume 1. Pteridophyta Gymnospermae, Angiospermae (Lauraceae-Neuradaceae)</i>. Institut Scientifique, Rabat.
- Talavera, S., Garcia Murillo, P. and Smit. H. 1986. Sobre el genero <i>Zannichellia</i> L. (Zannichelliaceae). <i>Lagascalia</i> 14(2): 241-271.
Évaluateurs & contributeurs (4)Personnes ayant contribué à l'évaluation IUCNExpert
assessor
García Murillo, P., Lansdown, R.V., Carapeto, A., Pinto Cruz, C., Ríos Ruiz, S. & Fraga-Arguimbau, P.
contributor
Rodriguez Merino, A. & Fernandez Zamudio, R.
evaluator
García, N. & Allen, D.J.
facilitators
Numa, C.
García Murillo, P., Lansdown, R.V., Carapeto, A., Pinto Cruz, C., Ríos Ruiz, S. & Fraga-Arguimbau, P. 2018. Zannichellia contorta. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T175291A21314962. Accessed on 05 May 2026.
Distribution mondiale
Calcul de la distribution GBIF· ~10–60 s
Phénologie
Calcul du calendrier d'apparition· ~5–30 s
Consulter sur les bases externes
Note nomenclaturale & synonymesDétails taxonomiques + synonymes CoLExpert
Note nomenclaturale
TAXREF v18 — INPN/MNHNSynonymes (4)— redirigent vers cette page
- Potamogeton contortusDesf.
- Zannichellia cyclostigmaClavaud
- Zannichellia palustris subsp. cyclostigma(Clavaud) Corb.
- Zannichellia palustris var. contorta(Desf.) T.Durand & Schinz
Sources : Catalogue of Life Cross-References (synonymes) · TAXREF v18 INPN/MNHN (commentaires FR).