Ontologia

Zamia encephalartoides

D.W.Stev.

ENLR Monde (IUCN)
Pays · région · aire protégée · écorégion · biome

Graphe en cours d’indexation

Calcul du tissu écologique de Zamia encephalartoides.

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Liste rouge IUCN

EN · En dangercritères B1ab(iii,v)+2ab(iii,v)Décroissante
Évaluation complète
Évaluation
2022 · v3.1
Altitude
6001000 m
Profondeur
m
État de la populationExpert

Zamia encephalartoides is known from a few subpopulations (5 subpopulations identified to date). Some demographic studies have been carried out for the species (years 2009 to 2015 in two localities in the Santander province). These studies, in addition to general field surveys, suggest that at least two subpopulations have a large numbers of adults (more than 1,000 individuals) and have positive growth rates, but most subpopulations are small (less than 250 adults). The total population size probably does not exceed 5,000 adults. It is possible that the species has more subpopulations, therefore further research on population distribution and abundance is required.

Menaces identifiées(4 menaces classées CMP-IUCN)

  • 1_1
    Housing & urban areas
    Rapid DeclinesMinority (<50%)Ongoing
  • 2_1_2
    Small-holder farming
    Rapid DeclinesMajority (50-90%)Ongoing
  • 2_3_2
    Small-holder grazing, ranching or farming
    Rapid DeclinesMinority (<50%)Ongoing
  • 5_3_3
    Unintentional effects: (subsistence/small scale) [harvest]
    UnknownUnknownOngoing
Description complète des menacesExpert

All subpopulations of the species occur in landscapes threatened with high deforestation rates, caused by agricultural and urban expansion, mostly forest destruction to establish goats and small-scale crops. The forest patches where subpopulations remain are small (less than 500 hectares) and they are degraded by human activities like logging. None of the subpopulations occur within protected areas.

Habitats préférentiels (classification IUCN)

  • 1_5Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Dry
  • 3_5Shrubland - Subtropical/Tropical Dry
  • 6Rocky areas (eg. inland cliffs, mountain peaks)
Mesures de conservation recommandéesExpert
Some conservation actions have been intended for the species, as it is listed on a threatened-species resolution in Colombia and in CITES Appendix II, therefore Colombian environmental authorities are required to prevent and mitigate negative impacts of human activities on this threatened species and to regulate its international commerce. In addition, Colombia launched in 2015 a conservation action plan for Cycads, and in the last few years the “Colombian Cycad Society” has been working to promote population and habitat protection and restoration of small subpopulations for Zamia species in the country, complemented with conservation actions related to research, monitoring, communication and education, among others.

Zamia encephalartoides
is not present in any protected area. The species has ex situ collections in botanical gardens in Colombia (Medellin, Bucaramanga, Quindio, Tulua Gardens), and some reintroductions have been attempted in one locality. Urgent actions are required to improve population and habitat viability in the long term. The conservation action plan for Colombian Cycads has proposed specific conservation actions for the species, and a species conservation strategy has been designed for the species, but the strategy lacks funding to this date.
Actions de conservation (16)Expert
  • 1_1Site/area protection
  • 1_2Resource & habitat protection
  • 2_1Site/area management
  • 2_3Habitat & natural process restoration
  • 3_1_1Harvest management
  • 3_2Species recovery
  • 3_4_1Captive breeding/artificial propagation
  • 4_2Training
  • 4_3Awareness & communications
  • 5_1_2National level
  • 5_1_3Sub-national level
  • 5_2Policies and regulations
  • 5_4_2National level
  • 5_4_3Sub-national level
  • 6_1Linked enterprises & livelihood alternatives
  • 6_4Conservation payments
Stress écologiques (4)Expert
  • 1_2Ecosystem degradation
  • 1_2Ecosystem degradation
  • 1_2Ecosystem degradation
  • 1_2Ecosystem degradation
Usage & commerce (2)Expert
  • 1Food - human
    subsistance
  • 13Pets/display animals, horticulture
    international
Priorités de recherche (11)Expert
  • 1_2Population size, distribution & trends
  • 1_3Life history & ecology
  • 1_4Harvest, use & livelihoods
  • 1_5Threats
  • 1_6Actions
  • 2_1Species Action/Recovery Plan
  • 2_2Area-based Management Plan
  • 2_3Harvest & Trade Management Plan
  • 3_1Population trends
  • 3_2Harvest level trends
  • 3_4Habitat trends
Niche IUCN globaleExpert

Royaumes biogéographiques

Neotropical

Systèmes (terrestre/eau douce/marin)

Terrestrial

Formes de croissance

Cycad
Références bibliographiques (4)Expert
  1. IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. Available at: <a href="www.iucnredlist.org">www.iucnredlist.org</a>. (Accessed: 21 July 2022).
  2. Lopez-Gallego, C. 2015. <i>Plan de Accion para la Conservacion de las Zamias de Colombia</i>. Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible de Colombia, Bogota.
  3. Lopez-Gallego, C., Calonje, M. and Idarraga, A. 2011. Conservation assessment and action plan for Zamia encephalartoides in Colombia. Universidad de Antioquia.
  4. Stevenson, D.W. 2004. Cycads of Colombia. <i>The Botanical Review</i> 70(2): 194-234.
Évaluateurs & contributeurs (3)Expert
assessor
Lopez-Gallego, C.
contributor
Calonje, M. & Stevenson, D.W.
evaluator
Bösenberg, J.D.

Lopez-Gallego, C. 2022. Zamia encephalartoides. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2022: e.T42151A69839971. Accessed on 05 May 2026.

Répartition mondiale (heatmap GBIF)Construction en cours

0 obs · 0 cellules
Construction par partitions temporelles GBIF0%

Source : GBIF — observations agrégées par hexagones 0.2° × 0.2° (~22km). Filtre qualité : précision coordonnée < 10 km. Coloration quantile (q50/70/90/99). Fond carte : OpenFreeMap · © OpenStreetMap.

Distribution mondiale

Calcul de la distribution GBIF· ~10–60 s

Phénologie

Calcul du calendrier d'apparition· ~5–30 s

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