Quercus arkansana
Sarg.
Pays · région · aire protégée · écorégion · biome
Chargement du graphe…
Indicateurs du réseau écologique
Comment lire ce graphe
Ce graphe représente les interactions écologiques documentées entre Quercus arkansana et d'autres espèces, à partir de la base GloBI (Global Biotic Interactions, agrégation mondiale de la littérature scientifique) — source principale, complétée par d'autres jeux de données d'interactions agrégés par Ontologia. Il faut le comprendre comme une carte du savoir documenté, pas une carte de la réalité écologique exhaustive.
Limites principales
- Incomplet. La majorité des interactions écologiques en milieu naturel n'ont jamais été publiées. Une espèce sans liens visibles n'est pas isolée — elle est probablement mal étudiée.
- Biais publication pharmaco-agronomique. La littérature des interactions est polarisée par les enjeux économiques et sanitaires : parasitism / pathogen sur-pondéré sur les mammifères (recherche zoonoses, vecteurs), herbivory sur-pondéré sur les insectes phytophages (entomologie agronomique). À l'inverse, mutualisms, commensalisms et interactions sol/microbiote sont sous-cités. Conseil de lecture : sur les hubs mammifères ou les insectes ravageurs de culture, lire les arêtes parasitism / herbivory dominantes relativement au contexte de littérature, pas comme une mesure d'intensité écologique brute. Détails §10.1.
- Biaisé vers les espèces étudiées. Quelques espèces (oiseaux communs, abeille mellifère, espèces modèles) concentrent disproportionnellement plus d'interactions documentées. Notre score composite ajoute un malus aux hubs de littérature pour atténuer cette dominance visuelle.
- Interactions documentées globalement. Toutes les espèces affichées sont observées en France métropolitaine (les observations sont filtrées sur le territoire métropolitain), mais les interactions entre elles proviennent de la littérature scientifique mondiale. Une interaction documentée à l'étranger peut ne pas se réaliser à l'identique sur votre territoire. Le filtre « restreindre à ma commune » tient compte de la co-occurrence spatiale locale mais ne garantit pas l'interaction effective.
- Sans dimension temporelle. Les variations saisonnières (migration, floraison, cycle de vie) ne sont pas modélisées.
- Force d'interaction approximative. L'épaisseur des liens reflète le nombre de fois où l'interaction a été rapportée dans la littérature, pas son importance écologique réelle.
Comment nous sélectionnons les espèces affichées
Le graphe affiche au plus 31 nœuds par fiche (1 centre + 15 bulles depth=1 + 15 partenaires depth=2). Le serveur sélectionne intelligemment :
- Bulles famille créées si une cascade taxonomique existe ou si ≥3 espèces directement documentées partagent une même famille — les espèces sont absorbées dans la bulle (pas de doublon visuel)
- Espèces individuelles uniquement quand <3 dans une famille (sans cascade) — relations directes documentées
- Pas d'espèces inférées affichées en doublon — les cascades sont représentées via les bulles famille uniquement
- Partenaires depth=2 sélectionnés via algo priorité : candidat partagé par ≥2 docs de la famille (food web central) → reliant entre bulles → top sum_obs en dernier recours
- Sous-types GloBI traduits en français au survol de la flèche (chasse, parasite, parasitoïde, mycorhize…)
Le toggle Profondeur 1 ↔ 2 client-side cache ou affiche les partenaires depth=2 sans refetch. Filtres règne, type d'interaction, ordres/familles, patrimoniales et commune recalculent côté serveur (slow path live ~1-2 s).
Indicateurs avancés (mode expert) : Modularité Q (Newman 2006, PNAS), communautés (Louvain, Blondel et al. 2008, J. Stat. Mech.), nestedness NODF (Almeida-Neto et al. 2008, Oikos).
Source : GloBI · TAXREF v18 (INPN/MNHN) · BDC-Statuts · Wikidata
1 partenaires écologiques documentés directement dans GloBI.
Partenaires
1
Espèces avec interactions documentées
Types d'interactions
1
Prédation, pollinisation, parasitisme…
Connectance
0.333
Densité des liens dans le sous-graphe affiché
Rang plantae
0 %
Percentile vs ensemble des plantae
Liste rouge IUCN
VU · Vulnérablecritères B2ab(ii,iii,v)↘Décroissante- Évaluation
- 2017 · v3.1
- Altitude
- 50 – 150 m
- Profondeur
- – m
État de la populationTexte officiel évaluation IUCNExpert
Considered a relict species, Quercus arkansana is found in isolated, scattered occurrences across the southeastern US. Previously considered endemic to the Coastal Plain of the Gulf of Mexico, a 1989 report of the species from eastern Georgia represented an eastern range extension for the species and its first documented occurrence from the Atlantic Coastal Plain. An inconspicuous understory tree, Arkansas Oak can easily be overlooked and is likely under collected, though it is known to be infrequent and quite uncommon throughout most of its range, with most stands isolated and containing just a few to a few dozen individuals. The exceptions to this are a number of areas of local abundance, namely in southwestern Arkansas and the Florida panhandle, where healthy subpopulations support thousands of trees. In southwestern Arkansas, where the species was first collected and for which it was named, the species is considered fairly stable and abundant in several localized sites (B. Baker pers. comm. 2015). Within a narrow range in the Florida panhandle, large subpopulations hold thousands of plants and are reported to be healthy and thriving in this restricted area (G. Knight pers. comm. 2015).
Throughout the majority of its range, Q. arkansana occurs in small, severely fragmented subpopulations, with many occurrences holding only a few (one to five) to a few dozen individuals. These occurrences are often separated by several to many kilometres, distances greater than the typical maximum value of about 600 m reported for dispersal of acorns by animals, and much greater than the typical dispersal distance of about 100 m or less (Pons and Pausas 2007). This means that stands that are wiped out are unlikely to be recolonized from remaining occurrences, given the distance of unfavourable habitat separating them. While a few large subpopulations of Arkansas oak exist in southwestern Arkansas and Florida (recorded by state agencies as Element Occurrences separated by at least one kilometre), these represent only a portion (less than half) of the total AOO of Q. arkansana, the majority of which represents small, patchily distributed occurrences across the southeastern US.
Throughout the majority of its range, Q. arkansana occurs in small, severely fragmented subpopulations, with many occurrences holding only a few (one to five) to a few dozen individuals. These occurrences are often separated by several to many kilometres, distances greater than the typical maximum value of about 600 m reported for dispersal of acorns by animals, and much greater than the typical dispersal distance of about 100 m or less (Pons and Pausas 2007). This means that stands that are wiped out are unlikely to be recolonized from remaining occurrences, given the distance of unfavourable habitat separating them. While a few large subpopulations of Arkansas oak exist in southwestern Arkansas and Florida (recorded by state agencies as Element Occurrences separated by at least one kilometre), these represent only a portion (less than half) of the total AOO of Q. arkansana, the majority of which represents small, patchily distributed occurrences across the southeastern US.
Menaces identifiées(9 menaces classées CMP-IUCN)
2_1_3Agro-industry farmingCausing/Could cause fluctuationsUnknownOngoing7_1_1Increase in fire frequency/intensityCausing/Could cause fluctuationsMinority (<50%)Ongoing11_2DroughtsUnknownUnknownOngoing1_3Tourism & recreation areasUnknownMinority (<50%)Ongoing5_3_4Unintentional effects: (large scale) [harvest]UnknownUnknownOngoing7_3Other ecosystem modificationsUnknownUnknownOngoing8_1_2Named speciesUnknownMinority (<50%)Ongoing9_3_3Herbicides and pesticidesUnknownMinority (<50%)Ongoing11_1Habitat shifting & alterationSlow, Significant DeclinesMajority (50-90%)Ongoing
Description complète des menacesTexte détaillé évaluation IUCNExpert
Quercus arkansana faces threats from the conversion of its habitat to pine plantations. Commercial forestry practices such as timber harvest and prescribed burns threaten small, scattered occurrences of this species: detrimental impacts of silviculture on several subpopulations have been documented, and stands at some sites have been reported to have been destroyed (Hunt 1986, Georgia DNR 2015, ANHC 2015, ALNHP 2015). Another threat is the clearing and unfavourable management of land. One large subpopulation in southwestern Alabama, which occurs on land recently designated as the Pike County Pocosin Nature Preserve, has since experienced losses of these trees on uplands due to management practices aimed at promoting Gopher Tortoise and game species by encouraging pines and removing oaks through the use of fire and herbicide (A. Diamond pers. comm. 2015). In many cases, it is this species' habit of occupying ravine slopes and stream heads that best protects it from destruction or removal. Recent reports of occurrences in Alabama have also noted dieback of trees, causing the majority of individuals to grow as stump sprouts just a few meters tall. While the precise cause of this dieback is not known, recent years of drought have been suggested as a possible cause (A. Diamond pers. comm. 2015). Private land ownership of many sites and introgression from more common red oaks (particularly in light of this species' ecology and sporadic distribution) pose additional threats to Arkansas Oak.
Additionally a major threat to Quercus arkansana is habitat shifting under climate change, as evidenced by a recent study that projected declines in suitable habitat area by of over 60.48% under projections for 2050 (Hargrove et al. 2016). A recent study by Potter et al. (2017) used species specific traits to asses trees in three vulnerability categories: 1) exposure to climate change, which included projected area change by 2050 and distance to future habitat; 2) sensitivity to threat, which included rarity, area of distribution, dispersal ability, and disturbance tolerance; and 3) adaptability to threat, which included regeneration, genetic variability, and ecological requirements. Quercus arkansana was in the group with high values for all three vulnerability categories. It was found to have high exposure to the threat of climate change, high sensitivity to this threat and low adaptability (Potter et al. 2017).
Additionally a major threat to Quercus arkansana is habitat shifting under climate change, as evidenced by a recent study that projected declines in suitable habitat area by of over 60.48% under projections for 2050 (Hargrove et al. 2016). A recent study by Potter et al. (2017) used species specific traits to asses trees in three vulnerability categories: 1) exposure to climate change, which included projected area change by 2050 and distance to future habitat; 2) sensitivity to threat, which included rarity, area of distribution, dispersal ability, and disturbance tolerance; and 3) adaptability to threat, which included regeneration, genetic variability, and ecological requirements. Quercus arkansana was in the group with high values for all three vulnerability categories. It was found to have high exposure to the threat of climate change, high sensitivity to this threat and low adaptability (Potter et al. 2017).
Habitats préférentiels (classification IUCN)
1_4Forest - Temperate★
Mesures de conservation recommandéesStratégies de conservation IUCNExpert
Arkansas Oak is considered globally Vulnerable (G3) by NatureServe and is listed as an S2/State Imperiled species in Georgia, Alabama and Louisiana and S3/State Vulnerable in Florida and Arkansas (though the state of Arkansas discontinued regular tracking of Quercus arkansana in 2010 due to local abundance and fairly stable subpopulations; B. Baker pers. comm. 2015). While little recent attention has been given to the conservation of Arkansas Oak, subpopulations are known to occur on numerous protected areas throughout the range, including Caddo Black Bayou Preserve (TNC) in Louisiana, several natural areas in Arkansas, Hannahatchee Wildlife Management Area in Georgia, the Oakmulgee Division of the Talladega National Forest in Alabama (where it is listed as a sensitive species), and importantly Eglin Air Force Base in Florida, which holds thousands of trees in healthy subpopulations and which protects the plants through an effective land management program (G. Knight pers. comm. 2015, L. Anderson pers. comm. 2015, T. Patrick pers. comm. 2015). According to BGCI, Q. arkansana is currently held in 28 ex situ collections worldwide, but additional effort should be invested in collecting and cultivating seed from genetically diverse sources, protecting habitat and regularly monitoring subpopulations.
Actions de conservation (3)Conservation Actions Classification Scheme — IUCNExpert
1_1Site/area protection2_1Site/area management3_4_1Captive breeding/artificial propagation
Stress écologiques (20)Stresses Classification — IUCNExpert
1_1Ecosystem conversion1_1Ecosystem conversion1_2Ecosystem degradation1_2Ecosystem degradation1_2Ecosystem degradation2_1Species mortality2_1Species mortality2_1Species mortality2_1Species mortality2_1Species mortality2_1Species mortality2_1Species mortality2_2Species disturbance2_2Species disturbance2_2Species disturbance2_2Species disturbance2_2Species disturbance2_2Species disturbance2_2Species disturbance2_3_1Hybridisation
Usage & commerce (3)Use & Trade — IUCNExpert
11Other household goodssubsistance13Pets/display animals, horticulturenational9Construction or structural materialssubsistance
Priorités de recherche (2)Research Needed Classification — IUCNExpert
1_2Population size, distribution & trends3_1Population trends
Niche IUCN globaleRealms · Systems · LMEs · Growth forms · FAOs — biogéographie IUCNExpert
Royaumes biogéographiques
Nearctic
Systèmes (terrestre/eau douce/marin)
Terrestrial
Formes de croissance
Tree - small
Références bibliographiques (20)Sources scientifiques de l'évaluation IUCNExpert
- Potter, K., Crane, B. and Hargrove, W. 2017. A United States national prioritization framework for tree species vulnerability to climate change. <i>New Forests</i>: 1–26.
- IUCN. 2017. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2017-2. Available at: <a href="www.iucnredlist.org">www.iucnredlist.org</a>. (Accessed: 14 September 2017).
- Hargrove, W.W. and Potter, K.M. 2016. The ForeCAST project: Foercast of climate-associated shifts in tree species. Available at: <a href="https://www.geobabble.org/ForeCASTS/index.html">https://www.geobabble.org/ForeCASTS/index.html</a>. (Accessed: 1/24/17).
- Flora of Texas Database. 2015. Herbarium specimen records: <i>Quercus arkansana</i>. University of Texas Herbarium, Plant Resources Center, University of Texas at Austin Available at: <a href="http://w3.biosci.utexas.edu/prc/flora.html">http://w3.biosci.utexas.edu/prc/flora.html</a>. (Accessed: 5th May 2015).
- US Geological Survey. 2015. <i>Biodiversity Information Serving Our Nation (BISON)</i>. http://bison.usgs.ornl.gov.
- The University of Alabama Herbarium. 2015. Herbarium specimen details for <i>Quercus arkansana</i> (unpublished). Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL.
- Georgia Department of Natural Resources (DNR). 2015. Georgia DNR Database: Element Occurrence Records of <i>Quercus arkansana</i> (unpublished). Nongame Conservation Section, Wildlife Resources Division, Georgia Department of Natural Resources, Atlanta, GA.
- Florida Natural Areas Inventory (FNAI). 2015. FNAI Database: Element Occurrence Records of <i>Quercus arkansana</i>. Florida Natural Areas Inventory, Tallahassee, FL.
- North American Plant Collections Consortium (NAPCC). 2015. NAPCC Accession Source Database (unpublished data). American Public Gardens Association.
- Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium. 2015. Herbarium specimen details for <i>Quercus arkansana</i> (unpublished). Department of Biological Sciences, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL.
- Arkansas Natural Heritage Commission (ANHC). 2015. ANHC Database: Element Occurrence Records of <i>Quercus arkansana</i> (unpublished). Arkansas Natural Heritage Commission, Department of Arkansas Heritage, Little Rock, AR.
- IUCN. 2015. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2015-4. Available at: <a href="www.iucnredlist.org">www.iucnredlist.org</a>. (Accessed: 19 November 2015).
- Alabama Natural Heritage Program (ALNHP). 2015. ALNHP Database: Element Occurrence Records of <i>Quercus arkansana</i> (unpublished). Alabama Natural Heritage Program, Auburn University, Auburn, AL.
- NatureServe. 2014. NatureServe Explorer: An online encyclopedia of life. [web application] Version 7.1. Arlington, Virginia Available at: <a href="http://www.natureserve.org">http://www.natureserve.org</a>. (Accessed: 3rd March 2015).
- Oldfield, S. and Eastwood, A. 2007. <i>The Red List of Oaks</i>. Fauna & Flora International, Cambridge, UK.
- Pons, J. and Pausas, J.G. 2007. Acorn dispersal estimated by radio-tracking. <i>Oecologia</i> 153: 903-911.
- Flora of North America Editorial Committee (FNA). 1997. <i>Flora of North America North of Mexico, Volume 3: Magnoliidae and Hamamelidae</i>. Oxford University Press, New York.
- Hunt, D.M., MacRoberts, M.H. and MacRoberts, B.R. 1995. The Status of <i>Quercus arkansana</i> Sarg. (Fagaceae) in Texas. <i>Phytologia</i> 79(1): 22-24.
- Hunt, D.M. 1986. Distribution of <i>Quercus arkansana</i> in Georgia. <i>Castanea</i> 51(3): 183-187.
- Palmer, E.J. 1925. Is <i>Quercus arkansana</i> a hybrid? <i>Journal of the Arnold Arboretum</i> 5-6: 195-200.
Évaluateurs & contributeurs (3)Personnes ayant contribué à l'évaluation IUCNExpert
assessor
Jerome, D., Wenzell, K. & Kenny, L.
contributor
Beckman, E.
evaluator
Rivers, M.C.
Jerome, D., Wenzell, K. & Kenny, L. 2017. Quercus arkansana. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017: e.T30953A88108282. Accessed on 05 May 2026.
Répartition mondiale
Aucune observation géoréférencée avec précision suffisante (<10 km) dans GBIF pour cette espèce.
Consulter sur les bases externes
Note nomenclaturale & synonymesDétails taxonomiques + synonymes CoLExpert
Note nomenclaturale
TAXREF v18 — INPN/MNHNSynonymes (2)— redirigent vers cette page
- Quercus arkansana var. caput-rivuli(Ashe) Ashe
- Quercus caput-rivuliAshe
Sources : Catalogue of Life Cross-References (synonymes) · TAXREF v18 INPN/MNHN (commentaires FR).