Ontologia
Chien viverrin

Chien viverrin

Nyctereutes procyonoides(Gray, 1834)

  1. Animal
  2. Chordata
  3. Mammalia
  4. Carnivora
  5. Canidae
5 photos · Licences CC (Wikimedia Commons / iNaturalist)Click pour agrandir

Description

espèce de mammifères

Source : Wikidata

Pays · région · aire protégée · écorégion · biome

Graphe en cours d’indexation

Calcul du tissu écologique de Nyctereutes procyonoides.

Le graphe apparaîtra automatiquement dès que le calcul est terminé (rafraîchissement toutes les 5s).

Liste rouge IUCN

Stable
Évaluation complète
Évaluation
2025 · v3.1
Altitude
m
Profondeur
m
État de la populationExpert
The species is common in the introduced range; for example, in south-eastern Finland, the maximum population density was estimated to be about 0.77 adults/km² (Kauhala et al. 2006) and the adult population consists of 110,000-120,000 individuals (hunting bag 160,000-170,000 individuals each year). The autumn population, including the young of the year would be about 320,000.

In northeastern Germany the prebreeding population density is to be 0.95 adults/km², calculated on the basis of a large telemetry study Drygala et al. (2008). In Brandenburg, East Germany, the pre-breeding population density is estimated as 1.1 adults/km² (Sutor and Schwarz 2012). In Białowieża Primeval Forest (Poland) Raccoon Dog density was 0.17-0.5 adults/km² (Kowalczyk et al. 2008). Raccoon Dogs in Białowieża reached densities of 0.7 adults/km² (Jędrzejewska and Jędrzejewski 1998, Kowalczyk et al. 2003). In Suwałki Landscape Park in northeastern Poland, Raccoon Dog density was estimated to be 0.37 adults/km² (Goszczynski 1999). In central and western Europe pre-breeding population density is generally between 0.5 and 1.0 adults/km².

Menaces identifiées(4 menaces classées CMP-IUCN)

  • 5_1_3
    Persecution/control
    Negligible declinesMinority (<50%)Ongoing
  • 4_1
    Roads & railroads
    No declineMinority (<50%)Ongoing
  • 8_2_2
    Named species
    No declineMinority (<50%)Ongoing
  • 8_5_2
    Named species
    No declineMinority (<50%)Ongoing
Description complète des menacesExpert
The Raccoon Dog is an important vector and victim of rabies in Europe, with increasing significance towards the east and north. They also may be affected locally by predation from feral dogs, road kills, and from epidemics (including scabies and canine distemper virus), and in some cases may be declining due to extreme habitat loss.

Habitats préférentiels (classification IUCN)

  • 14_1Artificial/Terrestrial - Arable Land
  • 3_4Shrubland - Temperate
  • 4_4Grassland - Temperate
  • 14_2Artificial/Terrestrial - Pastureland
  • 1_4Forest - Temperate
Mesures de conservation recommandéesExpert
This species is not listed in the CITES Appendices. In many countries in the introduced part of their range, where the Raccoon Dog is legally hunted, hunting is permitted year round (e.g., Sweden, Hungary). However, in Finland, females with pups are protected in May, June and July, and in Belarus hunting is allowed from 1st October to the end of February.

Captive animals still exist on fur farms in some countries (e.g., Finland and China).
Actions de conservation (1)Expert
  • 2_1Site/area management
Stress écologiques (4)Expert
  • 2_1Species mortality
  • 2_1Species mortality
  • 2_1Species mortality
  • 2_1Species mortality
Usage & commerce (4)Expert
  • 1Food - human
    nationalsubsistance
  • 10Wearing apparel, accessories
    nationalsubsistance
  • 12Handicrafts, jewellery, etc.
    nationalsubsistance
  • 3Medicine - human & veterinary
    nationalsubsistance
Priorités de recherche (3)Expert
  • 1_1Taxonomy
  • 1_2Population size, distribution & trends
  • 1_3Life history & ecology
Niche IUCN globaleExpert

Royaumes biogéographiques

Palearctic

Systèmes (terrestre/eau douce/marin)

Terrestrial
Références bibliographiques (26)Expert
  1. IUCN. 2025. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2025-1. Available at: <a href="www.iucnredlist.org">www.iucnredlist.org</a>. (Accessed: 27 March 2025).
  2. Pecorella, S., Viviano, A., Lapini, L. and Mori, E. 2023. The raccoon dog <i>Nyctereutes procyonoides</i> in Italy: a review of confirmed occurrences. <i>Mammalia</i>.
  3. Loy, A., Aloise, G., Ancillotto, L., Bertolino, S., Castiglia, R., Colangelo, P., Cozzi, B., Maio, N., Fontaneto, D., Monaco, A., Podesta, M.A., Scandura, M., Russo, D. and Amori, G. 2019. Italian Mammals: an annotated checklist. <i>Hystrix</i> 30(2): 87-106.
  4. Kauhala, K. and Saeki, M. 2016. <i>Nyctereutes procyonoides</i>. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016. Available at: <a href="https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T14925A85658776.en">https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T14925A85658776.en</a>. (Accessed: 07/03/2023).
  5. Kim, S.-I., Oshida, T., Lee, H., Min, M.-I. and Kimura, J. 2015. Evolutionary and biogeographical implications of variation in skull morphology of raccoon dogs (<i>Nyctereutes procyonoides</i>, Mammalia: Carnivora). <i>Biological Journal of the Linnean Society</i> 116: 856–872.
  6. Finnish Game and Fisheries Research Institute. 2014. <i>Hunting 2013. Riista- and kalatalous – Tilastoja 6/2014. Official Statistics of Finland – Agriculture, Forestry and Fishery. 36 s</i>.
  7. Sutor, A. and Schwarz, S. 2012. Home ranges of raccoon dogs (<i>Nyctereutes procyonoides</i>, Gray, 1834) in Southern Brandenburg, Germany. <i>European Journal of Wildlife Research</i> 58: 85-97.
  8. Mulder, J.L. 2012. A review of the ecology of the raccoon dog (<i>Nyctereutes procyonoides</i>) in Europe. <i>Lutra</i> 55(2): 101-127.
  9. Kauhala, K. and Kowalczyk, R. 2011. Invasion of the raccoon dog <i>Nyctereutes procyonoides</i> in Europe: History of colonization, features behind its success, and threats to native fauna. <i>Current Zoology</i> 57: 584-598.
  10. Kauhala, K. & Auttila, M. 2010. Habitat preferences of the native badger and the invasive raccoon dog in southern Finland. <i>Acta Theriologica</i> 55: 231-240.
  11. Kauhala, K., Schregel, J. & Auttila, M. 2010. Habitat impact on raccoon dog <i>Nyctereutes procyonoides</i> home range size in southern Finland. <i>Acta Theriologica</i> 55: 371-380.
  12. Kowalczyk, R., Jędrzejewska, B., Zalewski, A. and Jędrzejewski, W. 2008. Facilitative interactions between the Eurasian badger (<i>Meles meles</i>), the red fox (<i>Vulpes vulpes</i>), and the invasive raccoon dog (<i>Nyctereutes procyonoides</i>) in Białowieża Primeval Forest, Poland. <i>Canadian Journal of Zoology</i> 86: 1389-1396.
  13. Drygala, F., Stier, N., Zoller, H., Mix, H.M., Bögelsack, K. and Roth, M. 2008. Spatial organisation and intra‐specific relationship of the raccoon dog <i>Nyctereutes procyonoides</i> in Central Europe. <i>Wildlife biology</i> 14(4): 457-466.
  14. Ćirović, D. 2006. First record of the raccoon dog (<i>Nyctereutes procyonoides</i> Gray, 1834) in the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia. <i>European Journal of Wildlife Research </i> 52: 136–137.
  15. Kauhala, K. and Saeki, M. 2004. Raccoon dog <i>Nyctereutes procyonoides</i> (Gray, 1834). In: Sillero-Zubiri, C., Hoffmann, M. and Macdonald, D.W. (eds), <i>Canids: Foxes, Wolves, Jackals and Dogs. Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan</i>, pp. 136-142. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK.
  16. Kauhala, K. and Saeki, M. 2004. Finnish and Japanese raccoon dogs - on the road to speciation? In: Macdonald, D. W. & Sillero-Zubiri, C. (ed.), <i>Biology and Conservation of Wild Canids</i>, pp. 217-226. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
  17. Kowalczyk, R., Zalewski, A., Jedrzejewska, B. and Jedrzejewski, W. 2003. Spatial organization and demography of badgers (<i>Meles meles</i>) in Bialowieza Primeval Forest, Poland, and the influence of earthworms on badger densities in Europe. <i>Canadian Journal of Zoology</i> 81(1): 74-87.
  18. Kauhala, K. and Auniola, M. 2000. Diet of raccoon dogs in summer in the Finnish archipelago. <i>Ecography</i> 24: 151-156.
  19. Goszczynski, J. 1999. Fox, raccoon dog and badger densities in North Eastern Poland. <i>Acta Theriologica</i> 44(4): 413-420.
  20. Jędrzejewska, B. and Jędrzejewski, W. 1998. <i>Predation in Vertebrate Communities: Białowieża Primeval Forest as a case study (Ecological Studies)</i>. Springer Verlag, Berlin, Germany.
  21. Baillie, J. and Groombridge, B. (comps and eds). 1996. <i>1996 IUCN Red List of Threatened Animals</i>. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK.
  22. Kauhala, K. 1996. Habitat use of raccoon dogs (<i>Nyctereutes procyonoides</i>) in southern Finland. <i>Zeitschrift für Säugetierkunde</i> 61: 269-275.
  23. Kauhala, K. 1994. The Raccoon Dog: a succesful Canid. <i>Canid News</i> 2: 37-40.
  24. Nasimovich, A. and Isakov, Y. (eds). 1985. <i>Arctic fox, red fox and raccoon dog: distribution of resources, ecology, use and conservation</i>. Janka, Moscow, USSR.
  25. Korneev, A. I. 1954. Enotovidnaja sobaka <i>Nyctereutes procyonoides</i> Gray na Ukraine (rezul'taty rabot po akklimatixacii) [in Russian]. <i>Trudy Zoologiceskogo Muzea Kievskaia Universiteta Imeni T. G. Sevcenko</i> 4.
  26. Morozov, V. F. 1947. Akklimatizacija ussurijskogo enota (<i>Nyctereutes procyonoides</i> Gray) v Leningradskoj i Novgorodskoj oblastjah. <i>Tr. VNII ohotnic'ego promysla</i> 8: 11-124.
Évaluateurs & contributeurs (4)Expert
assessor
Battistoni, A.
contributor
Kauhala, K. & Saeki, M.
evaluator
Hoffmann, M. & Allen, D.J.
facilitators
Hoffmann, M. & Thresher, S.

Battistoni, A. 2025. Nyctereutes procyonoides (Europe assessment). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2025: e.T14925A223594890. Accessed on 05 May 2026.

Traits biologiques

21 valeurs · 7 sources

Morphologie(4)

Masse adulte
6,5 kg
AnAge
Longueur
-999 mm
PanTHERIA
Masse naissance
75 g
AnAge
Masse au sevrage
825 g
AnAge

Cycle de vie(1)

Longévité max
17 ans
AnAge
Voir 16 traits de plus (3 catégories)

Reproduction(6)

Maturité sexuelle
10 mois
AnAge
Gestation
2 mois
AnAge
Intervalle naissances
1 ans
AnAge
Taille de portée
6
AnAge
Portées par an
1
AnAge
Sevrage
1,5 mois
AnAge

Écologie & habitat(9)

Fruits (%)
30 %
elton_mammals
Invertébrés (%)
20 %
elton_mammals
Nectar (%)
0 %
elton_mammals
Autre végétal (%)
0 %
elton_mammals
Charognard (%)
0 %
elton_mammals
Graines (%)
10 %
elton_mammals
Vert. ectothermes (%)
30 %
elton_mammals
Vert. endothermes (%)
10 %
elton_mammals
Poissons (%)
0 %
elton_mammals

Divers(1)

Température corporelle
38 °C
AnAge

Sources priorisées par qualité scientifique (peer-reviewed spécialisées → Wikidata fallback). Unités auto-converties, valeur max retenue en cas de mesures multiples. Méthodologie · Citations.

Répartition mondiale (heatmap GBIF)Construction en cours

0 obs · 0 cellules
Construction par partitions temporelles GBIF0%

Source : GBIF — observations agrégées par hexagones 0.2° × 0.2° (~22km). Filtre qualité : précision coordonnée < 10 km. Coloration quantile (q50/70/90/99). Fond carte : OpenFreeMap · © OpenStreetMap.

Distribution mondiale

Calcul de la distribution GBIF· ~10–60 s

Phénologie

Calcul du calendrier d'apparition· ~5–30 s

Consulter sur les bases externes

Observations & statuts

Cartographie

Bibliographie

Note nomenclaturale & synonymesExpert

Note nomenclaturale

TAXREF v18 — INPN/MNHN

Synonymes (8)— redirigent vers cette page

  • Canis procyonoidesGray, 1834
  • Canis procyonoides koreensisKuroda, 1938
  • Canis procyonoides procyonoidesCorbet, 1978
  • Canis procyonoides ussuriensisKuroda, 1938
  • Nyctereutes amurensisMatschie, 1907
  • Nyctereutes procynoides
  • Nyctereutes sinensisBrass, 1904
  • Nyctereutes stegmanniMatschie, 1907

Sources : Catalogue of Life Cross-References (synonymes) · TAXREF v18 INPN/MNHN (commentaires FR).