Renard Gris

Lycalopex griseus(Gray, 1837)

Animal

LCLR Monde (IUCN)

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Description

espèce de mammifères

Source : Wikidata

Filtrer le graphe par contexte spatialPays · région · aire protégée · écorégion · biome

Graphe en cours d’indexation

Calcul du tissu écologique de Lycalopex griseus.

Le graphe apparaîtra automatiquement dès que le calcul est terminé (rafraîchissement toutes les 5s).

Liste rouge IUCN

LC · Préoccupation mineure→Stable

Évaluation complète

Évaluation: 2016 · v3.1
Altitude: 0 – 4000 m
Profondeur: – m

État de la populationTexte officiel évaluation IUCNExpert

In Argentina, Olrog and Lucero (1981) considered the Chilla to be "locally common". In the latter country, relative abundance of Chillas has been evaluated mainly through the scent stations technique. Data collected in Patagonia and Mendoza from 1989 to 2003 (Funes et al. 2006) suggest that populations are essentially stable in the southern half of Argentina where habitat is more favourable. The decline in fur demand in the 1990s led to increased Chilla densities (Novaro et al. 2004). They are reported to have expanded their distribution in Tierra del Fuego since their introduction (A. Novaro, in González del Solar and Rau 2004); J. Bellati (in González del Solar and Rau 2004) estimated an ecological density of 1 individual/km² in Tierra del Fuego in 1996. A recent increase in population numbers has also been observed in the southern Argentine Patagonia (Travaini et al. 2007). Interspecific competition with the dominant Culpeo appears to have a strong effect on Chilla population dynamics where the two species co-occur (Novaro et al. 2004, Travaini et al. 2007).

Menaces identifiées(2 menaces classées CMP-IUCN)

5_1_1
Intentional use (species is the target)
No declineMinority (<50%)Ongoing
5_1_3
Persecution/control
No declineMinority (<50%)Ongoing

Description complète des menacesTexte détaillé évaluation IUCNExpert

Chillas are still hunted (though apparently with much less intensity) in Chilean and Argentinean Patagonia and has been on the increase in recent years (from 2000 to 2003 the number of "grey fox" pelts exported from Argentina increased from 30,263 to 188,997; Funes et al. 2006). Chillas are also perceived as lamb predators by many rural people in Argentina and Chile (Jimenez et al. 1996, Travaini et al. 2000). Consequently, illegal trapping is still widespread in some regions of Chile and Argentina, mainly related to controlling predation.

Habitats préférentiels (classification IUCN)

3_4Shrubland - Temperate★
3_8Shrubland - Mediterranean-type Shrubby Vegetation★
4_4Grassland - Temperate★
1_4Forest - Temperate
14_2Artificial/Terrestrial - Pastureland

Mesures de conservation recommandéesStratégies de conservation IUCNExpert

Legislation
Included in CITES – Appendix II.

Resolution 144/83 of the former National Secretary of Natural Resources and Sustainable Development of Argentina categorises this species as "In Danger". Chillas are totally protected in Catamarca, and San Luis, while in the five continental provinces of Patagonia and in Tierra del Fuego, hunting and fur trading are legal (A. Novaro, M. Funes and R. Palacios pers. comm. 2015).

In Chile, the passing of the 1972 furbearer's protection law appears to have curtailed the exports of pelts (Iriarte and Jaksic 1986, Iriarte 2000). Currently, all Chilean populations are protected by law N° 19,473 [1996], except for those from Tierra del Fuego, where it is considered a pest and can be hunted with no limitations (A. Iriarte pers. comm. 2015).

Presence in protected areas
Present in at least six protected areas in central west Argentina. In Chile, the species is present in 30 Wildlife Protected Areas (WPA) from a total of 49 surveyed. However, 40% of those 30 WPAs are smaller than the 115 km² needed to sustain a minimum viable population (500 individuals). Estimates of local extinctions in WPAs from central Chile reach 50% (see Simonetti and Mella 1997). The most important Chilean WPAs in which Chillas occur include: Parque Nacional Lauca, Parque Nacional Puyehue, Parque Nacional Vicente Pérez Rosales, Parque Nacional Torres del Paine.

Presence in captivity
Chillas occur in many zoos of Argentina and Chile, but details of breeding in captivity are not known.

Gaps in knowledge
The need for a deeper understanding of the biology of the Chilla has been repeatedly emphasized by Argentinean as well as by Chilean studies (e.g., Johnson and Franklin 1994a, González del Solar et al. 1997, Travaini et al. 2000). Reliable information is needed especially with regard to those biological aspects required for population management leading to sustainable use and conservation: population-dynamics, incidence of parasites and other diseases, and research on the role of Chillas in small-livestock mortality (Novaro et al. 2004). Finally, a full review of the current known distributional limits of the species would be useful.

Actions de conservation (3)Conservation Actions Classification Scheme — IUCNExpert

2_1Site/area management
3_1_1Harvest management
3_1_2Trade management

Stress écologiques (2)Stresses Classification — IUCNExpert

2_1Species mortality
2_1Species mortality

Usage & commerce (1)Use & Trade — IUCNExpert

10Wearing apparel, accessories
nationalsubsistance

Priorités de recherche (2)Research Needed Classification — IUCNExpert

1_2Population size, distribution & trends
1_3Life history & ecology

Niche IUCN globaleRealms · Systems · LMEs · Growth forms · FAOs — biogéographie IUCNExpert

Royaumes biogéographiques

Nearctic

Systèmes (terrestre/eau douce/marin)

Terrestrial

Références bibliographiques (30)Sources scientifiques de l'évaluation IUCNExpert

IUCN. 2017. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2017-1. Available at: <a href="www.iucnredlist.org">www.iucnredlist.org</a>. (Accessed: 27 April 2017).
IUCN. 2016. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2016-1. Available at: <a href="www.iucnredlist.org">www.iucnredlist.org</a>. (Accessed: 30 June 2016).
Vivar, E & Pacheco, V. 2014. Status of gray fox Lycalopex griseus (Gray, 1837) (Mammalia: Canidae) from Peru. Revista peruana de biología 21: 071-078.
Austin, J.J., Soubrier, J., Prevosti, F.J., Prates, L., Trejo, V., Mena, F. and Cooper, A. 2013. The origins of the enigmatic Falkland Islands wolf. Nature Communications 4: 1552.
Perini, F.A., Russo, C.A.M. and Schrago, C.G. 2010. The evolution of South American endemic canids: a history of rapid diversification and morphological parallelism. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 23: 311-322.
Slater, G.J., Thalmann, O., Leonard, J., Schweizer, R.M., Koepfli, K-P., Pollinger, J.P., Rawlence, N.J., Austin, J.J., Cooper, A. and Wayne, R.K. 2009. Evolutionary history of the Falklands wolf. Current Biology 19: 937–938.
Pacheco, V., Cadenillas, R., Salas, E., Tello, C. and Zeballos, H. 2009. Diversidad y conservación de los mamíferos del Perú. Revista Peruana de Biología 16: 5-32.
Travaini, A., Rodríguez, A., Zanón, J., Zapata, S.C., Martínez Peck, R. and Procopio, D. 2007. Tendencias poblacionales de zorros colorados y grises (Pseudalopex culpaeus y P. griseus) en la Patagonia austral. XXI Jornadas Argentinas de Mastozoología. Tafí del Valle, Argentina.
Funes, M., Novaro, A.J., Monsalvo, O.B., Pailacura, O., Sanchez Aldao, G., Pessino, M., Dosio, R., Chehébar, C., Ramilo, E., Bellati, J., Puig, S., Videla, F., Opoto, N., González del Solar, R., Castillo, E., García, E., Loekemeyer, N., Bugnest, F. and Mateazzi, G. 2006. El Manejo de zorros en la Argentina. In: M.L. Bolcovik and D. Ramadori (eds), Manejo de Fauna Silvestre en la Argentina, pp. 151-166. Programas de uso sustentable, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Wozencraft, W.C. 2005. Order Carnivora. In: D.E. Wilson and D.M. Reeder (eds), Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Third Edition, pp. 532-628. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore.
Lindblad-Toh, K., Wade, C.M., Mikkelsen, T.S., Karlsson, E.K., Jaffe, D.B., Kamal, M., Clamp, M., Chang, J.L., Kulbokas, E.J., Zody, M.C., Mauceli, E., Xie, X., Breen, M., Wayne, R.K., Ostrander, E.A., Ponting, C.P., Galibert, F., Smith, D.R., deJong, P.J., Kirkness, E., Alvarez, P., Biagi, T., Brockman, W., Butler, J., Chin, C.W., Cook, A., Cuff, J., Daly, M.J., DeCaprio, D., Gnerre, S., Grabherr, M., Kellis, M., Kleber, M., Bardeleben, C., Goodstadt, L., Heger, A., Hitte, C., Kim, L., Koepfli, K.P., Parker, H.G., Pollinger, J.P., Searle, S.M.J., Sutter, N.B., Thomas, R., Webber, C. and Lander, E.S. 2005. Genome sequence, comparative analysis and haplotype structure of the domestic dog. Nature 438(7069): 803-819.
Novaro, A. J., M. C. Funes and J. E. Jiménez. 2004. Patagonian foxes. Selection for introduced prey and conservation of culpeo and chilla foxes in Patagonia. . In: D. W. Macdonald and C. Sillero-Zubiri (eds), The Biology and Conservation of Wild Canids, pp. 243-254. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.
Zrzavý, J. and Řičánkova, V. 2004. Phylogeny of recent Canidae (Mammalia, Carnivora): relative reliability and utility of morphological and molecular datasets. Zoologica Scripta 33: 311-333.
Sillero-Zubiri, C., Hoffmann, M. and Macdonald, D.W. (eds). 2004. Canids: Foxes, Wolves, Jackals and Dogs. Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan. IUCN/SSC Canid Specialist Group, IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK.
González del Solar, R. and Rau, J. 2004. Chilla Pseudalopex griseus (Gray, 1837). In: Sillero-Zubiri, C., Hoffmann, M. & Macdonald, D.W. (ed.), Canids: Foxes, Wolves, Jackals and Dogs. Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan, pp. 56-63. IUCN, Gland.
Iriarte, A. 2000. Conservación de mamíferos en Chile. In: A. Muñoz-Pedreros and J. Yáñez (eds), Mamíferos de Chile, pp. 25-36. CEA Ediciones, Valdivia, Chile.
Travaini, A., Zapata, S. C., Martínez-Peck, R. & Delibes, M. 2000. Percepción y actitud humanas hacia la predación de ganado ovino por el zorro colorado (Pseudalopex culpaeus) en Santa Cruz, Patagonia Argentina. Mastozoología Neotropical 7: 117-129.
Jayat, J. P., Bárquez, R. M., Díaz, M. M. and Martínez, P. J. 1999. Aportes al conocimiento de la distribucion de los carnivoros del noroeste de Argentina. Mastozoología Neotropical 6(1): 15-30.
González del Solar, R., Puig, S., Videla, F. and Roig, V. 1997. Diet composition of the South American grey fox, Pseudalopex griseus Gray 1836, in northeastern Mendoza. Mammalia 61: 617-621.
Simonetti, J. A. and Mella, J.E. 1997. Park size and the conservation of Chilean mammals. Revista Chilena de Historia Natural 70: 213-220.
Baillie, J. and Groombridge, B. (comps and eds). 1996. 1996 IUCN Red List of Threatened Animals. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK.
Jiménez, J. E., Yáñez, J. L., Tabilo, E. L. and Jaksic, F. M. 1996. Niche complementarity of South American foxes: reanalysis and test of a hypothesis. Revista Chilena de Historia Natural 69: 113-123.
Mares, M.A., Barquez, R.M., Braun, J.K. and Ojeda, R.A. 1996. Observations on the mammals of Tucuman Province, Argentina. I. Systematics, distribution, and ecology of the Didelphimorphia, Xenarthra, Chiroptera, Primates, Carnivora, Perissodactyla, Artiodactyla, and Lagomorpha. Annals of Carnegie Museum 65: 89-152.
Zunino, G.E., Vaccaro, O.B., Canevari, M. and Gardner, A.L. 1995. Taxonomy of the genus Lycalopex (Carnivora: Canidae) in Argentina. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 108: 729–747.
Johnson, W. E. and Franklin, W. L. 1994. Partitioning of spatial and temporal resources by sympatric Dusicyon griseus and D. culpaeus in the Patagonia of southern Chile. Canadian Journal of Zoology 72: 1788-1793.
Johnson, W. E. and Franklin, W. L. 1994. Role of body size in the diets of sympatric gray and culpeo foxes. Journal of Mammalogy 75: 163-174.
Groombridge, B. (ed.). 1994. IUCN Red List of Threatened Animals. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK.
Marquet, P. A., Contreras, L. C., Torres-Mura, J. C., Silva, S. I. and Jaksic, F. M. 1993. Food habits of Pseudalopex foxes in the Atacama desert, pre-Andean ranges, and the high Andean plateau of northernmost Chile. Mammalia 57: 130-135.
Jiménez, J. E., Marquet, P. A., Medel, R. G. and Jaksic, F. M. 1991. Comparative ecology of Darwin's fox (Pseudalopex fulvipes) in mainland and island settings of southern Chile. Revista Chilena de Historia Natural 63: 177-186.
IUCN. 1990. IUCN Red List of Threatened Animals. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK.

Évaluateurs & contributeurs (4)Personnes ayant contribué à l'évaluation IUCNExpert

assessor

Lucherini, M.

contributor

Jiménez, J. & Novaro, A.

evaluator

Hoffmann, M. & Sillero-Zubiri, C.

facilitators

Hoffmann, M. & Thresher, S.

⚠ 1 erratum publié après l'évaluation.

Lucherini, M. 2016. Lycalopex griseus (errata version published in 2017). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T6927A111975602. Accessed on 05 May 2026.

Traits biologiques

20 valeurs · 8 sources

Morphologie(4)

Masse adulte: 3,99 kg; AnAge
Longueur: -999 mm; PanTHERIA
Masse naissance: -999000 mg; PanTHERIA
Masse au sevrage: -999000 mg; PanTHERIA

Cycle de vie(1)

Longévité max: 11 ans; AnAge

Voir 15 traits de plus (2 catégories)

Reproduction(6)

Gestation: 1,8 mois; AnAge
Intervalle naissances: -999 j; PanTHERIA
Taille de portée: 4; AnAge
Portées par an: -999; PanTHERIA
Maturité sexuelle: -999 j; PanTHERIA
Sevrage: -999 j; PanTHERIA

Écologie & habitat(9)

Fruits (%): 20 %; elton_mammals
Invertébrés (%): 10 %; elton_mammals
Nectar (%): 0 %; elton_mammals
Autre végétal (%): 10 %; elton_mammals
Charognard (%): 0 %; elton_mammals
Graines (%): 0 %; elton_mammals
Vert. ectothermes (%): 30 %; elton_mammals
Vert. endothermes (%): 30 %; elton_mammals
Poissons (%): 0 %; elton_mammals

Sources priorisées par qualité scientifique (peer-reviewed spécialisées → Wikidata fallback). Unités auto-converties, valeur max retenue en cas de mesures multiples. Méthodologie · Citations.