Ontologia
Fluteau

Fluteau

Luronium natans(L.) Raf.

LCLR Monde (IUCN)
1 photo · Licences CC (Wikimedia Commons / iNaturalist)Click pour agrandir
Pays · région · aire protégée · écorégion · biome

Pas d'interactions documentées pour cette espèce.

Liste rouge IUCN

LC · Préoccupation mineureDécroissante
Évaluation complète
Évaluation
2011 · v3.1
Altitude
3881890 m
Profondeur
m
État de la populationExpert
There are very few localities only in Scandinavia: two to three localities for Norway (one of which is a cluster of four lakes), three small localities in Sweden (20 km² occupied area) and three localities in Denmark.
In Ireland it is known from two localities that are 500 m apart. It can be found at higher altitude (450 m) in the western UK (Wales) (Preston et al. 2002).
In Czech Republic, it is found in two pools of less than 1 km² (Natura 2000). In Poland, the species occurred in more than 100 localities in the past, now it inhabits no more than several tens of lakes in the Pomeranian Lake District. Two isolated localities were recorded in 2004 on Lower Silesia, in Żwirownia w Starej Olesznej (a gravel pit in Stara Oleszna) and in Starorzecze Potok in Nysa Łużycka River Valley, and in Zgorzelec-Osiecznica Forest. In Germany, there are around 115 localities and the species is common in the northwest.
In France, it occurs everywhere except for the Mediterranean or the Alps, there are 416 localities in total. In the Netherlands, it is known from more than 100 sites. In the Iberian Peninsula, its population is confined to five areas that are very spread apart summing up to 13 known populations that are often fluctuating. In Galicia, where this species was considered extinct, recent localities have been found in A Terra Cha (Lugo) (Bañares et al. 2004).

The populations are decreasing in Belgium, Germany, France, Netherlands, and Poland and stable in Sweden, Czech Republic and Spain (Commission of the European Communities 2009).

Menaces identifiées(8 menaces classées CMP-IUCN)

  • 2_1_4
    Scale Unknown/Unrecorded
    Ongoing
  • 2_2_3
    Scale Unknown/Unrecorded
    Ongoing
  • 2_4_3
    Scale Unknown/Unrecorded
    Ongoing
  • 6_1
    Recreational activities
    Ongoing
  • 7_3
    Other ecosystem modifications
    Ongoing
  • 9_3_1
    Nutrient loads
    Ongoing
  • 9_3_2
    Soil erosion, sedimentation
    Ongoing
  • 9_3_3
    Herbicides and pesticides
    Ongoing
Description complète des menacesExpert
The main threats to the species are due to habitat destruction or degradation. Water and soil pollution due to the use of pesticides and fertilizers as well as eutrophication are leading to population reductions. One of the main threats is the change of hydrological regimes, be it canalization and the modification of water courses, management of water levels, drainage, management of bank vegetation. The filling of water bodies or removal of sediment affect the populations. Changes in agricultural practices, abandonment of pastoral systems as well as unfavourable forest management are threatening the species survival. Negative impacts come from aquaculture and from recreational activities such as fishing, nautical sports, walking, horseriding and non-motorised vehicles (Commission of the European Communities 2009).

Habitats préférentiels (classification IUCN)

  • 15_2Artificial/Aquatic - Ponds (below 8ha)
  • 1_1Forest - Boreal
  • 1_4Forest - Temperate
  • 3_3Shrubland - Boreal
  • 3_4Shrubland - Temperate
  • 5_1Wetlands (inland) - Permanent Rivers/Streams/Creeks (includes waterfalls)
  • 5_4Wetlands (inland) - Bogs, Marshes, Swamps, Fens, Peatlands
  • 5_5Wetlands (inland) - Permanent Freshwater Lakes (over 8ha)
  • 5_7Wetlands (inland) - Permanent Freshwater Marshes/Pools (under 8ha)
  • 5_8Wetlands (inland) - Seasonal/Intermittent Freshwater Marshes/Pools (under 8ha)
Mesures de conservation recommandéesExpert
This species is listed on Annex II of the EU Habitats Directive and under Appendix I of the Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats (Bern Convention). It is also protected by national policies/laws (e.g. France, Sweden). It is classed as Critically Endangered in the Czech Republic and Endangered in Spain (Moreno 2008), Germany (level 2) (Ludwig and Schnittler 1996), and Sweden.

The species occurs in protected areas (e.g. Czech Republic, Spain, UK). Some important populations are not protected and require conservation measures such as the Polish populations in Jeziora Wdzydzkie (Wdzydze Lakes), in Lobelia lakes near Bobęcino, in Jezioro Krasne (Lake Krasne), and in Puszcza Drawska (Drawska Forest) are not covered. Silesian localities are also completely omitted.
Actions de conservation (2)Expert
  • 2_1Site/area management
  • 3_4_2Genome resource bank
Stress écologiques (11)Expert
  • 1_1Ecosystem conversion
  • 1_1Ecosystem conversion
  • 1_1Ecosystem conversion
  • 1_2Ecosystem degradation
  • 1_2Ecosystem degradation
  • 1_2Ecosystem degradation
  • 1_2Ecosystem degradation
  • 1_2Ecosystem degradation
  • 1_2Ecosystem degradation
  • 1_2Ecosystem degradation
  • 1_2Ecosystem degradation
Niche IUCN globaleExpert

Royaumes biogéographiques

Palearctic

Systèmes (terrestre/eau douce/marin)

TerrestrialFreshwater (=Inland waters)

Formes de croissance

Forb or HerbHydrophyte
Références bibliographiques (14)Expert
  1. IUCN. 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (ver. 2011.1). Available at: <a href="http://www.iucnredlist.org">http://www.iucnredlist.org</a>. (Accessed: 30 June 2017).
  2. Castroviejo, S., Aedo, C., Lainz, M., Morales, R., Muñoz Garmendia, F., Nieto Feliner, G. and Paiva, J. (eds). 2010. <i>Flora Iberica. Volume 17</i>. Real Jardín Botaníco, C.S.I.C. Servicio de Publicaciones, Madrid.
  3. Gärdenfors, U. 2010. <i>Rödlistade arter i Sverige - The 2010 Red List of Swedish Species</i>. ArtDatabanken, SLU, Uppsala.
  4. Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet. 2010. Den virtuella floran. Stockholm Available at: <a href="http://linnaeus.nrm.se/flora/">http://linnaeus.nrm.se/flora/</a>.
  5. Commission of the European Communities. 2009. Composite Report on the Conservation Status of Habitat Types and Species as required under Article 17 of the Habitats Directive. Report from the Commission to the Council and the European Parliament. Brussels.
  6. Moreno, J.C. (coord.). 2008. <i>Lista Roja 2008 de la Flora Vascular Española</i>. Dirección General de Medio Natural y Política Forestal (Ministerio de Medio Ambiente, y Medio Rural y Marino, y Sociedad Española de Biología de la Conservación de Plantas), Madrid.
  7. Kukk, T. and Kull, T. (eds). 2005. <i>Atlas of the Estonian Flora (Eesti Taimede Levikuatlas)</i>. Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences of the Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu.
  8. Bañares, Á., Blanca, G., Güemes, J., Moreno, J.C. and Ortiz, S. (eds). 2004. <i>Atlas y Libro Rojo de la Flora Vascular Amenazada de España</i>. Dirección General de Conservación de la Naturaleza, Madrid.
  9. Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (ed). 2003-2010. Inventaire National du Patrimoine Naturel (INPN). Paris Available at: <a href="http://inpn.mnhn.fr">http://inpn.mnhn.fr</a>.
  10. Lansdown, R.V. and Wade, P.M. 2003. Ecology of the floating water-plantain. Conserving Natura 2000 Rivers: Ecology. English Nature, Peterborough.
  11. Association Tela Botanica. 2000–2010. Le reseau de la botanique francophone. Available at: <a href="http://www.tela-botanica.org/">http://www.tela-botanica.org/</a>.
  12. Ludwig, G. and Schnittler, M. 1996. <i>Red List of Threatened Plants in Germany (Rote Liste gefährdeter Pflanzen Deutschlands)</i>. Bundesamt für Naturschutz, Bonn.
  13. Cook,C.D.K. 1983. Aquatic plants endemic to Europe and the Mediterranean. <i>Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik</i> 103: 539-582.
  14. Tutin, T.G., Heywood, V.H., Burges, N.A., Moore, D.M., Valentine, D.H., Walters, S.M. and Webb, D.A. 1980. <i>Alismataceae to Orchidaceae (Monocotyledones), Flora Europaea</i>. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Évaluateurs & contributeurs (3)Expert
assessor
Lansdown, R.V.
contributor
Jogan, N.
evaluator
Gigot, G., Ericsson, S., Burden, A. & Bilz, M.

Lansdown, R.V. 2011. Luronium natans. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2011: e.T162134A5547543. Accessed on 05 May 2026.

Indicateurs écologiques

Indicateurs écologiques Ellenberg-type

EIVE 1.0 — Dengler 2023

Position de l'espèce sur les 5 dimensions écologiques européennes (M / N / R / L / T), échelle 0-10. La zone estompée représente la niche width (variabilité tolérée).

MNRLT
Humidité
xérophile hygrophile
8.6
hygrophile strict
Azote
oligotrophe nitrophile
3.3
oligotrophe
Réaction (pH)
silicicole calcicole
4.9
intermédiaire
Lumière
sciaphile héliophile
8.0
héliophile strict
Température
cryophile thermophile
4.7
intermédiaire

Source : EIVE 1.0 (Dengler et al. 2023). CC-BY 4.0. Échelle harmonisée 0-10 (équivalent inverse-rang sur les systèmes Ellenberg, Landolt, Pignatti, etc.). Niche width = écart-type d'estimation, indicateur de fiabilité (zone estompée).

Stratégie écologique CSR

Pierce 2017 — triangle de Grime

Position de la plante dans le triangle de Grime, calculée par l'algorithme StrateFy à partir de 3 traits foliaires (LA, LDMC, SLA). Compétitive / Stress-tolérante / Ruderale.

CcompétitiveSstress-tol.Rruderale
C
14 %
S
0 %
R
86 %

Source : Pierce et al. 2017 (Functional Ecology) + dataset Guo et al. 2022. Données Dryad CC0. La position est calculée à partir de mesures foliaires (Leaf Area, Leaf Dry Matter Content, Specific Leaf Area) ; à interpréter comme une stratégie moyenne, peut varier localement.

Répartition mondiale

Aucune observation géoréférencée avec précision suffisante (<10 km) dans GBIF pour cette espèce.

Consulter sur les bases externes

Observations & statuts

Cartographie

Bibliographie

Note nomenclaturale & synonymesExpert

Note nomenclaturale

TAXREF v18 — INPN/MNHN

Synonymes (25)— redirigent vers cette page

  • Alisma natansL.
  • Alisma diversifoliumGilib.
  • Alisma natans var. repensRchb.
  • Alisma natans var. reptansRouy
  • Alisma natans var. sparganiifoliumFr.
  • Damasonium natans(L.) Chaz.
  • Echinodorus natans(L.) Engelm.
  • Echinodorus natans f. repensAsch. & Graebn.
  • Echinodorus natans subvar. parvulusAsch. & Graebn.
  • Echinodorus natans subvar. plantaginifoliusAsch. & Graebn.
  • Echinodorus natans var. repensRchb.
  • Echinodorus natans var. sparganiifolius(Fr.) Asch.
  • Elisma natans(L.) Buchenau
  • Elisma natans f. fluitansBuchenau
  • Elisma natans f. repens(Rchb.) Glück
  • Elisma natans f. repensBuchenau
  • Elisma natans f. sparganiifolium(Fr.) Glück
  • Elisma natans f. terrestrisGlück
  • Elisma natans subvar. parvulumAsch. & Graebn.
  • Elisma natans subvar. plantaginifoliumAsch. & Graebn.
  • Elisma natans var. ranunculoides(Willd.) Zapal.
  • Elisma natans var. repens(Rchb.) Asch. & Graebn.
  • Elisma natans var. sparganiifolium(Fr.) Asch. & Graebn.
  • Elisma natans var. terrestre(Glück) Hegi
  • Nectalisma natans(L.) Fourr.

Sources : Catalogue of Life Cross-References (synonymes) · TAXREF v18 INPN/MNHN (commentaires FR).